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FIGURE 3 in Common but new: Bartramia rosamrosiae, a "new" widespread species of apple mosses (Bartramiales, Bryophytina) from the Mediterranean and western North America
FIGURE 3. Canonical analysis based on the two discriminant functions F1 and F2 of the discriminant analysis. Gray dots are the centroids of each group.
FIGURE 1. Field pictures. A. Climbing a in First record of the critically endangered Hydrangea steyermarkii Standl. (Hydrangeaceae) in Mexico, and description of a new widespread Hydrangea species of Mesoamerica
FIGURE 1. Field pictures. A. Climbing a Hydrangea host tree with specific equipment (Tapalapa, Chiapas, Mexico). B. Branch of Hydrangea albostellata with four inflorescences, all inflorescence bracts already shed in lower right one where the flower buds are visible, lower left inflorescence partially opened, apical inflorescences still covered by all inflorescence bracts (M.S. Samain & E. Martínez S. 2012-090).
FIGURE 4. Hydrangea albostellata. A in First record of the critically endangered Hydrangea steyermarkii Standl. (Hydrangeaceae) in Mexico, and description of a new widespread Hydrangea species of Mesoamerica
FIGURE 4. Hydrangea albostellata. A. Habitus of branch with inflorescences in different developmental stages (inflorescence buds, inflorescence with flower buds and infructescence). B. Enlarged marginal flower with two pistils with fertile stigmas. C. Functionally male flower with 8 fertile stamens and 2 reduced pistils. D. Maturing capsule, fertile stigmas still visible, seeds are released through the opening between the 2 pistils. E. Detail of abaxial leaf surface with stellate indument. Drawn by Ramiro Cruz Durán from the holotype M.S. Samain et al. 2012-023 (MEXU; A, B), and from the specimens M.S. Samain et al. 2012-021 (MEXU; A, D, E) and M.S. Samain & E. Martínez S. 2012-088 (MEXU; C).
FIGURE 3 in First record of the critically endangered Hydrangea steyermarkii Standl. (Hydrangeaceae) in Mexico, and description of a new widespread Hydrangea species of Mesoamerica
FIGURE 3. SEM pictures of flowers of Hydrangea albostellata (A–D; A, C, M.S. Samain et al. 2012-023. B, D–E: M.S. Samain & E. Martínez S. 2012-088) and Hydrangea steyermarkii (E–F, M.S. Samain et al. 2012-078). A. Central parts of marginal female flower, with two large pistils and 3 small stamens visible. B. Flower bud of male flower; note the campanulate hypanthium and the valvate petals. C. Mature fruit opened between the pistils to release the seeds. D. Male flower; note the extreme difference in size between the long stamens and the diminute pistils. E. Lateral view of male flower. F. Apical view of male flower.
FIGURE 2. Field pictures. A–B in First record of the critically endangered Hydrangea steyermarkii Standl. (Hydrangeaceae) in Mexico, and description of a new widespread Hydrangea species of Mesoamerica
FIGURE 2. Field pictures. A–B, Hydrangea albostellata, C–D, Hydrangea steyermarkii (M.S. Samain et al. 2012-010). A. Branch with one mature green inflorescence with old male flowers and inflorescence axes with the basal lignified parts of inflorescences of previous years (M.S. Samain et al. 2012-005). B. Abaxial leaf side with dense pubescence consisting of whitish stellate hairs, note the typical spoon-shape and broadly revolute margin (M.S. Samain & E. Martínez S. 2012-090). C. Young branch, many-ribbed, with typical brownish-reddish cortex which contracts and forms corchy patches. D. Abaxial side of young leaf with whitish stellate indument, the leaf surface typically red-brown, the margin crenate with the marked bright green glandular teeth.
FIGURE 5. Hydrangea steyermarkii. A in First record of the critically endangered Hydrangea steyermarkii Standl. (Hydrangeaceae) in Mexico, and description of a new widespread Hydrangea species of Mesoamerica
FIGURE 5. Hydrangea steyermarkii. A. Habitus of branch with inflorescences. B. Functionally male flower with 8 fertile stamens and 2 reduced pistils. C. Maturing capsule, fertile stigmas still visible, seeds are released through the opening between the 2 pistils. D. Inflorescence branch with inflorescence bud, inflorescence bracts and leaf pair visible. E. Detail of inflorescence branch with stellate indument. Drawn by Ramiro Cruz Durán from the specimen M.S. Samain et al. 2012-078 (MEXU; A, B, D, E), and from the holotype J.A. Steyermark 36044 (F; C).
Widespread coexistence of self-compatible and self-incompatible phenotypes in a diallelic self-incompatibility system in Ligustrum vulgare (Oleaceae)
<p>The breakdown of self-incompatibility (SI) in angiosperms is one of the most commonly observed evolutionary transitions. While multiple examples of SI breakdown have been documented in natural populations, there is strikingly little evidence of stable within-population polymorphism with both inbreeding (self-compatible) and outcrossing (self-incompatible) individuals. This absence of breeding system polymorphism corroborates theoretical expectations that predict that in/outbreeding polymorphism is possible only under very restricted conditions. However, theory also predicts that a diallelic sporophytic SI system should facilitate the maintenance of such polymorphism. We tested this prediction by studying the breeding system of <i>Ligustrum vulgare</i> L., an insect pollinated hermaphroditic species of the Oleaceae family. Using stigma tests with controlled pollination and paternity assignment of open-pollinated progenies, we confirmed the existence of two self-incompatibility groups in this species. We also demonstrated the occurrence of self-compatible individuals in different populations of Western Europe arising from a mutation affecting the functioning of the pollen component of SI. Our results show that the observed low frequency of self-compatible individuals in natural populations is compatible with theoretical predictions only if inbreeding depression is very high.</p>
Widespread changes in surface temperature persistence under climate change
<p>Datasets of all data used to create each individual figure file in our manuscript.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Molecular phylogeography of a widespread Malagasy leaf chameleon species, Brookesia superciliaris
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relationships of Brookesia superciliaris inferred from the Bayesian and maximum Likelihood analyses of 12S rRNA gene sequence data. Numbers above the branches represent posterior probability values. Numbers below the branches represent maximum likelihood bootstrap values. Sequences of Brookesia therezieni were used as outgroup. Inset picture shows a specimen of B. superciliaris. Map shows sampling localities.
Fig. 2 in Leaping Somersaults by Larvae are Phylogenetically Widespread and Likely Primitive for Tiger Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae)
Fig. 2. Still frames from high-speed video of a larva of Omus dejeani performing leaping somersaults.
Fig. 1 in Leaping Somersaults by Larvae are Phylogenetically Widespread and Likely Primitive for Tiger Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae)
Fig. 1. Still frames from high-speed video of a larva of Tetracha carolina performing leaping somersaults.
FIGURE 1. Hypodematium shingii Li Bing Zhang, X.P.Fan & X.F.Gao.—A. Habit.—B, D, F, G, K in Hypodematium shingii sp. nov. (Hypodematiaceae; Polypodiales): Replacing the misapplied "H. crenatum", a widespread fern from Asia
FIGURE 1. Hypodematium shingii Li Bing Zhang, X.P.Fan & X.F.Gao.—A. Habit.—B, D, F, G, K Pinnae or portion of pinnae.—C. Petiole.—E, H, J. Portions of laminae (A, B. Liang Zhang 1410 (CDBI); C–E. Liang Zhang 1819 (KUN); F–K. R. Knapp 4166 (P)).
FIGURE 2. A–C. Hypodematium shingii Li Bing Zhang, X.P.Fan & X.F.Gao.—A. Habit.—B in Hypodematium shingii sp. nov. (Hypodematiaceae; Polypodiales): Replacing the misapplied "H. crenatum", a widespread fern from Asia
FIGURE 2. A–C. Hypodematium shingii Li Bing Zhang, X.P.Fan & X.F.Gao.—A. Habit.—B. Abaxial view of portion of lamina.—C. Portion of pinnule/lobe showing sori (based on the type). D–F. H. crenatum (Forssk.) Kuhn & Decken.—D. Pinnule.—E. Adaxial view of portion of lobe.—F. Portion of pinnule/lobe showing sori (based on R. Spellenberg & M. Nasher 7345 (MO)).
High resource overlap and small dietary differences are widespread in food-limited warbler communities
<p class="CxSpFirst">Although both interspecific competition and coexistence mechanisms are central to ecological and evolutionary theory, past empirical studies have generally focused on simple (two-species) communities over short time periods. Experimental tests of these species interactions are challenging in complex study systems. Moreover, a number of studies of 'imperfect generalists', consistent with Liem's Paradox, raise questions about the ability of evolved species differences to effectively partition niche space when resources vary considerably across the annual cycle. Here we used a recently developed theoretical framework to combine past research on population-level processes with observational data on resource use to test for ongoing interspecific competition and understand the nature of resource overlap. We compared species diet overlaps and differences in several distinctive communities centred on a focal species, the American Redstart <i>Setophaga ruticilla</i> replicated both spatially and seasonally, in combination with documentation of population regulation to assess the ability of similar species to partition dietary niche space and limit interspecific competition. Our results document high dietary overlap in most of the communities studied, with only subtle differentiation consistent with known species-differences in foraging behaviour and morphology. These findings are largely consistent with species foraging as imperfect generalists. However, in contrast to past studies, the high diet overlaps observed here during times of inferred resource scarcity were driven by low value prey taxa (e.g. small ants) and did not involve truly 'private' resources. All of these factors increase the potential negative impacts of interspecific competition and limit the ability of these birds to avoid competition if conditions further deteriorate, either seasonally or at longer intervals.</p>
FIGURE 9 in Discovery of the second European Amalopis species: an integrative survey of the widespread Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta (Meigen, 1830) (Insecta, Diptera, Pediciidae)
FIGURE 9. Female terminalia of P. f us c a (A) and P. oculta, lateral view (B) and cerci with infra-anal plate of P. f u s c a (C) and P. oculta (D) in ventral view.
FIGURE 12 in Discovery of the second European Amalopis species: an integrative survey of the widespread Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta (Meigen, 1830) (Insecta, Diptera, Pediciidae)
FIGURE 12. Gonopodium of P. ericarum, redrawed from Alexander, 1966 (A) and specimen from Bolu, Turkey (B), dorsal view.
FIGURE 1 in Discovery of the second European Amalopis species: an integrative survey of the widespread Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta (Meigen, 1830) (Insecta, Diptera, Pediciidae)
FIGURE 1. Known collection sites of P. f u s c a n. sp. and P. occulta. Shaded area—mountainous regions of Europe, black dots —collection sites for P. f u sc a n. sp., white dots—collection sites for P. occulta.
FIGURE 11 in Discovery of the second European Amalopis species: an integrative survey of the widespread Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta (Meigen, 1830) (Insecta, Diptera, Pediciidae)
FIGURE 11. Wing and genitalia series of P. f u s c a n. sp. and P. occulta from dorsal, lateral and interior perspectives. Mountains of origin are marked on Fig. 1.
FIGURE 10 in Discovery of the second European Amalopis species: an integrative survey of the widespread Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta (Meigen, 1830) (Insecta, Diptera, Pediciidae)
FIGURE 10. Phylogenetic relationship of P. f us c a n. sp. and P. occulta, inferred by neighbor-joining analysis, with P. straminea as outgroup. Black circles bootstrap values> 95 after 1000 iterations. Scale bar nucleotide substitutions per site.
FIGURE 8 in Discovery of the second European Amalopis species: an integrative survey of the widespread Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta (Meigen, 1830) (Insecta, Diptera, Pediciidae)
FIGURE 8. Gonopodium of P. f u s c a, lateral (A), dorsal (B) and interior (C) view, P. occulta from lateral (D), dorsal (E) and interior (F) view. Scale bar represents 0.1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.