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Fig. 45 in Systematics Of Funnel-Eared Bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae)

Fig. 45. Relationship of penis length with length of the tibia in Natalidae. Familywide, penis length is not correlated with length of the tibia. Natalids, however, cluster into two groups that differ in the relative size of their natalid organ. *Includes four species of Natalus.

Fig. 43 in Systematics Of Funnel-Eared Bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae)

Fig. 43. Distribution of relative penis length in 11 species of Natalidae. Black dots are means and vertical gray bars are two standard deviations around the mean. Most natalids have an intermediate-length penis but the genus Chilonatalus includes species with short or long penises.

Fig. 29 in Systematics Of Funnel-Eared Bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae)

Fig. 29 (continued). B, Plot of canonical scores for seven cranial measurements of N. mexicanus from nine geographic areas (same as above, San Andrés and Providencia not included). Variable loadings are listed in table 17. Three most divergent groups are distinguished: (1) individuals from the Yucatan characterized by overall small skulls; (2) individuals from Isthmic Mexico, characterized by large skulls and long rostra; and (3) individuals from Panama, characterized by large skulls and short rostra.

Fig. 4 in Systematics Of Funnel-Eared Bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae)

Fig. 4. Schematic lateral view of the heads of two natalids: A, Chilonatalus micropus, showing dermal outgrowths on the muzzle; and B, Natalus tumidirostris, showing lack of dermal outgrowths on the muzzle.

Fig. 42 in Systematics Of Funnel-Eared Bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae)

Fig. 42 (continued). B, Canonical analysis axis scores for seven skull measurements of 12 species of Natalidae. Loading contributions of variables to each axis is shown in table 2. C I is an axis of body size and C II is an axis of rostrum shape, with bats on the negative side of the axis having longer, narrower rostra. Natalus primus, which shares many ecomorphological traits with Chilonatalus, is widely separated from them in ecomorphological space when body size is taken into account. Scores of canonical analyses are shown in table 26.

Fig. 29. A in Systematics Of Funnel-Eared Bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae)

Fig. 29. A, Plot of means (black dots), two standard deviations around the mean (gray bars), and two standard errors of the mean (vertical black lines) of forearm length of Natalus mexicanus from 10 geographic areas: A 5 N Peninsular Mexico (Baja California Sur; 16 males, 18 females; B 5 NW Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora; 11 males, 12 females); C 5 W Mexico (Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa; 29 males, 32 females); D 5 South Central Mexico (Guerrero, Morelos, Puebla; 8 males, 7 females); E 5 NE Mexico (Tamaulipas; 6 males, 11 females); F 5 Isthmic Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca; 30 males, 22 females); G 5 N Central America (Chiapas, Guatemala; 12 males, 6 females); H 5 Yucatan (Belize, Campeche, Guatemala [Petén], Quintana Roo, Yucatán; 30 males, 18 females); I 5 San Andrés and Providencia Isl., Colombia (3 males, 4 females); J 5 Southern Central America (Panama; 16 males, 9 females). Individuals from Isthmic Mexico, San Andrés and Providencia, and S Central America are significantly larger than those from the Yucatan, and W and NW Mexico (one-way ANOVA, P, 0.01).

Fig. 41 in Systematics Of Funnel-Eared Bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae)

Fig. 41. Variation of forearm length in Natalidae in relation to geographic distribution. Vertical gray bars represent the observed range of variation per species per region and the horizontal black line represents the median. Large gray rectangles frame populations that occur in sympatry. Sample sizes: Bahamas (Ctu, 53; Nyl, 45); Cuba (Npr, 51; Cma, 20; Nyl 24); Hispaniola (Nma, 34; Cmi, 6); Jamaica (Nja, 21; Cmi, 48); SAP 5 San Andrés and Providencia islands, Colombia (Nme, 7; Cmi, 36); M-CA 5 Mexico–Central America (Nme, 298; Nla, 33); SAN 5 South America N of the Amazon (230); SAS 5 South America S of the Amazon (37); LA 5 lesser Antilles (65). There is no overlap in forearm length neither among genera nor among insular populations that occur in sympatry. Representatives of the composite fauna of San Andrés and Providencia islands (i.e., the West Indian derived C. micropus, and the continental derived N. mexicanus) show the least amount of difference in forearm length among sympatric members of these two genera.

Fig. 40 in Systematics Of Funnel-Eared Bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae)

Fig. 40. Plot of scores of the second canonical root obtained by canonical variates analysis of seven cranial dimensions from 12 species of Natalidae. CII is an axis of rostrum shape, being most influenced by maxillary tooth row (table 2). Black dots are score means and gray bars represent two standard deviations around the mean. Species toward the positive side of the axis have long, narrow rostra, whereas species toward the negative side have relatively short, broad rostra. Long and broadly curved mesostylar crests occur only in species with long, narrow rostra.

Fig. 25 in Systematics Of Funnel-Eared Bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae)

Fig. 25. Geographic distribution of Natalus lanatus (open triangles) and N. mexicanus (solid circles). Names of localities are listed in appendix 1. Some localities of N. mexicanus obtained from museum catalogues or the literature, especially those of the Mexico Basin and Veracruz highlands, may actually represent Natalus lanatus (see text). Gray shading on land indicates relief, with darknes increasing with altitude.

Fig. 1 in Systematics Of Funnel-Eared Bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae)

Fig. 1. Cranial dimensions measured in this study: A, postorbital breadth; B, zygomatic breadth; C, braincase breadth; D, breadth across canines; E, breadth across molars; F, maxillary toothrow length; G, greatest skull length; H, depth of skull; I, mandibular toothrow length.

FIG. 38 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats

FIG. 38. Four Neotropical lowland rainforest biomes (stippled) separated by montane or nonforest vegetation. Primary intercardinal directions (NE, NW, SE, SW) label quadrants of Amazonia defined by the Amazon, Madeira, and Negro rivers (after Wallace, 1852). Six Amazonian bat inventory sites mentioned in the text are: 1, BDFFP (= Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project; Amazonas, Brazil); 2, Belém (Pará, Brazil); 3, Jenaro Herrera (Loreto, Peru); 4, Paracou (French Guiana); 5, RNAM (= Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo-Mishana; Loreto, Peru); and 6, Tiputini (Orellana, Ecuador).

FIG. 35 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats

FIG. 35. Photographs of an adult Cynomops planirostris captured at Jenaro Herrera. Photograph by Marco Tschapka.

FIG. 32 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats

FIG. 32. Photograph of an adult Eptesicus furinalis captured at Frog Valley. Photograph by Brock Fenton.

FIG. 31 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats

FIG. 31. Photographs of A, an adult Thyroptera tricolor captured at Tahuayo Farm; and B, an adult (CEBIO- MAS 237) T. wynneae captured at Jenaro Herrera. Photographs by Brock Fenton (A) and Burton Lim (B).

FIG. 30 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats

FIG. 30. Photograph of an adult Furipterus horrens roosting in a cavity formed by a fallen tree at Jenaro Herrera. Photograph by Alexander Pari.

FIG. 24 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats

FIG. 24. Photographs of A, an adult Artibeus anderseni and B, an adult A. gnomus, both captured at Jenaro Herrera. Photographs by Marco Tschapka.

FIG. 25 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats

FIG. 25. Photographs of A, an adult Chiroderma trinitatum and B, an adult C. villosum, both captured at

FIG. 28 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats

FIG. 28. Photographs of A, an adult Vampyressa thyone captured at Jenaro Herrera; B, an adult Vampyriscus bidens captured at El Chino Village; and C, an adult Vampyriscus brocki captured at Jenaro Herrera. Photographs by Marco Tschapka (A, C) and Brock Fenton (B).

FIG. 20 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats

FIG. 20. Photographs of A, an adult male (ROM 122096) Tonatia maresi and B, an adult Trachops cirrhosus, both captured at Jenaro Herrera. Photographs by Burton Lim (A) and Marco Tschapka (B).

FIG. 18 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats

FIG. 18. Lophostoma silvicolum using an arboreal termite nest as roost at Jenaro Herrera. Photograph by Marco Tschapka.