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Figure 3 in Postcranial element shape and function: assessing locomotor mode in extant and extinct mustelid carnivorans
Figure 3. Humeral element deformations from the consensus configuration produced by the CVA analysis for locomotor mode; each deformation represents the shape corresponding to the mean CVA score for a particular locomotor group.
Figure 2 in Postcranial element shape and function: assessing locomotor mode in extant and extinct mustelid carnivorans
Figure 2. Canonical variates axes for CVA analyses on locomotor mode of extant and fossil mustelids. Symbol types represent locomotor modes and different colour symbols represent genera within locomotor modes. A, humerus. B, ulna. C, femur. D, tibia.
Figure 1 in Postcranial element shape and function: assessing locomotor mode in extant and extinct mustelid carnivorans
Figure 1. Landmark placement on four postcranial elements (Martes pennanti as representative species). A, humeral distal extremity. B, ulnar proximal extremity. C, femoral proximal extremity. D, complete tibia, cranial aspect.
Figure 4. A–E in Postcranial morphology of the extinct caviine rodent Microcavia criolloensis (late Pleistocene, South America)
Figure 4. A–E, left manus: A, Microcavia niata (JCT-1515); B, Microcavia australis (MLP-DZV-26.VIII.01.21); C, Galea spixii (MN-34417); D, E, Microcavia criolloensis (BRA-3-355 and BRA-3, respectively). F–K, left pes: F, Microcavia niata (JCT-1515); G, Microcavia australis (MLP-DZV-26.VIII.01.21) (inverted image from right); H, Galea musteloides (MLP- DZV-5.VI.00.9); I, Galea spixii (MN-34417); J, K, Microcavia criolloensis (FC-DPV-1686 and 847, respectively).
Figure 3. A–D in Postcranial morphology of the extinct caviine rodent Microcavia criolloensis (late Pleistocene, South America)
Figure 3. A–D, selected articulated skeletal remains of Microcavia criolloensis: A, skull, mandible and part of postcranial skeleton articulated with a close up of left manus (BRA-3-355); B, lateral view of articulated distal end of left humerus, ulna, radius, carpus and metacarpus (BRA-3); C, lateral view of distal end of left tibia and radius, tarsus, metatarsus and phalanges articulated (FC-DPV-847); D, left leg (FC-DPV-1686); E, 'burrow' structures in Sopas Formation (northern Uruguay, Sopas Creek); F, lateral view of scapula of M. niata (JCT-1515) – arrow indicates the teres major process.
Figure 1 in Postcranial morphology of the extinct caviine rodent Microcavia criolloensis (late Pleistocene, South America)
Figure 1. Geographical distribution of living species of Microcavia (1: M. niata, 2: M. shiptoni, 3: M. australis), extinct species in the pampean region (4: M. robusta, M. chapalmalensis and M. reigi), in south-eastern Brazil (5: Microcavia sp.) and geographical locations of the late Pleistocene Microcavia criolloensis in Uruguay indicated by asterisks. 1–4 following Anderson (1997), Quintana (1996), Tognelli et al. (2001), Marquet et al. (1993); 5 following Ubilla et al. (2008).
Data from: Mass extinctions alter extinction and origination dynamics with respect to body size
<p>Whether mass extinctions and their associated recoveries represent an intensification of background extinction and origination dynamics versus a separate macroevolutionary regime remains a central debate in evolutionary biology. Previous focus has been on extinction, but origination dynamics may be equally or more important for long-term evolutionary outcomes. The evolution of animal body size is an ideal process to test for differences in macroevolutionary regimes, as body size is easily determined, comparable across distantly related taxa, and scales with organismal traits. Here, we test for shifts in selectivity between background intervals and the "Big Five" mass extinction events using capture-mark-recapture models. Our body-size data cover 10,203 fossil marine animal genera spanning 10 Linnaean classes with occurrences ranging from Early Ordovician to Late Pleistocene (485–1 Mya). Most classes exhibit differences in both origination and extinction selectivity between background intervals and mass extinctions, with the direction of selectivity varying among classes and overall exhibiting stronger selectivity during origination after mass extinction than extinction during mass extinction. Thus, not only do mass extinction events shift the marine biosphere into a new macroevolutionary regime, the dynamics of recovery from mass extinction also appear to play an underappreciated role in shaping the biosphere in their aftermath.</p>
sammsherman27/CoralReefSharkRayIUCN: Data and Code Used in Sherman et al. 2022 - Half a century of rising extinction risk of coral reef sharks and rays
<p>Code and data to reproduce analyses in Sherman et al. 2022 Half a century of rising extinction risk of coral reef sharks and rays.</p>
OMPS-NPP L2 LP USask Aerosol Extinction Vertical Profile swath daily V1.2
<p>The USask OMPS-LP L2 2D Aerosol v1.2 product provides stratospheric aerosol extinction retrievals performed at the University of Saskatchewan for the central slit of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler (OMPS-LP) instrument on the Suomi-NPP satellite. The two-dimensional retrieval algorithm accounts for variation in the along orbital track dimension, retrieving an entire orbit simultaneously instead of treating each image independently. Stratospheric aerosol is retrieved from approximately the thermal tropopause to 30 km on a 1 km grid with a vertical resolution of approximately 2 km, and is assumed to be sulfate aerosol following a log-normal particle size distribution.</p> <p>Each file contains data from the daylight portion of each orbit measured for a full day. Spatial coverage is global (-82 to +82 degrees latitude), and there are about 14.5 orbits per day, each has typically 160 profiles with an along orbital track sampling of 125 km. The files are written using NetCDF4.</p>
Data for: The cerebellum regulates fear extinction through thalamo-prefrontal cortex interactions in male mice
<p>Fear extinction is a form of inhibitory learning that suppresses the expression of aversive memories and plays a key role in the recovery of anxiety and trauma-related disorders. Here, using male mice, we identify a cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway regulating fear extinction. The cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) projects to the lateral subregion of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD), which is reciprocally connected with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). The inhibition of FN inputs to MD in male mice impairs fear extinction in animals with high fear responses and increases the bursting of MD neurons, a firing pattern known to prevent extinction learning. Indeed, this MD bursting is followed by high levels of the dmPFC 4 Hz oscillations causally associated with fear responses during fear extinction, and the inhibition of FN-MD neurons increases the coherence of MD bursts and oscillations with dmPFC 4 Hz oscillations. Overall, these findings reveal a regulation of fear-related thalamo-cortical dynamics by the cerebellum and its contribution to fear extinction.</p>
Figure 3 in Ancient DNA from the extinct New Zealand grayling (Prototroctes oxyrhynchus) reveals evidence for Miocene marine dispersal
Figure 3. Median-joining haplotype networks of the Retropinnidae constructed from A, cytochrome b (1363 comparable sites) and B, 16s rRNA (575 comparable sites) alignments in POPART (for GenBank Accession numbers, see Supporting Information, Table S2). Haplotypes (circles) are proportional to frequency (numbers), with number of substitutions indicated by hatches along branches. Black circles represent undetected intermediary haplotypes, with colours corresponding to species.
Figure 1 in Ancient DNA from the extinct New Zealand grayling (Prototroctes oxyrhynchus) reveals evidence for Miocene marine dispersal
Figure 1. The extinct New Zealand grayling (Prototroctes oxyrhynchus). Artwork by Frank Edward Clarke. Annotations in figure contain a nomen nudum. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
Fig. 5 in Deep time extinction of largest insular ant predators and the first fossil Neoponera (Formicidae: Ponerinae) from Miocene age Dominican amber
Fig. 5 Size distribution of extant and extinct ant predators on Hispaniola. Principal component 1 derived from PCA of three morphometric traits across taxa. Fossil ants (yellow) exhibit larger body sizes than extant taxa (gray) on average and among extremes. Note: plot includes alate (queen) specimens, including the largest known fossil ant species, an undescribed Fulakora queen
Fig. 4 in Deep time extinction of largest insular ant predators and the first fossil Neoponera (Formicidae: Ponerinae) from Miocene age Dominican amber
Fig. 4 Morphospace of Hispaniolan predatory ants in fossil and extant communities. Morphometric data comprise head length, head width, and Weber's length across 35 extant and 26 fossil species
Fig. 1 in Deep time extinction of largest insular ant predators and the first fossil Neoponera (Formicidae: Ponerinae) from Miocene age Dominican amber
Fig. 1 Photomicrographs of Neoponera vejestoria sp. nov. (Holotype, MNHNSD FOS 18.01). A Head in frontal view. B Body in dorsal view. C Body in lateral view. Scale bars: A 1 mm; B, C 2 mm
Fig. 3 in Deep time extinction of largest insular ant predators and the first fossil Neoponera (Formicidae: Ponerinae) from Miocene age Dominican amber
Fig. 3 Principal component analysis morphospace of Neoponera ants according to species group. The sampling comprised 47 species represented by 12 linear morphological measurements. PC1 corresponds with the overall body size. Neoponera vejestoria is denoted with the blue star. The first five principal components of the Neoponera dataset make up 98% of the total variance. Principal component 1 comprises 84.14% of the variance; principal component 2 reflects the overall body shape, mainly in the pronotal width and petiolar dimensions (see Additional file 1: Fig. S4), comprising 5.61% of the variance
Figure 10 in A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia
Figure 10. Inferred relative phylogenetic position of Macroderma handae sp. nov. based on observable synapomorphic features (modified after Hand, 1996; numbers indicate the development of potential apomorphic character states, as detailed in that reference).
Figure 5 in A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia
Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype material of Macroderma handae sp. nov. (A) fragment of the right maxilla with alveoli of the C1 and P4, paratype WAM 2020.4.5; (B) palatal fragment of left maxilla with lingual alveoli of P4 and M1, paratype WAM 2020.4.4; (C) detail of the blood vessel fenestrations in paratype WAM 2020.4.4; (D) probable wear striations on the M3, paratype WAM 2020.4.11; (E) wear striations from M. gigas ANWC CM568. Scale bars 1 mm, except where indicated otherwise.
Figure 8 in A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia
Figure 8. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype material of Macroderma handae sp. nov. (A, B, D) lingual, labial and occlusal views of a left P2, paratype WAM 2020.4.8; (C) labial view of the left P2 of M. gigas ANWC CM568; (E, G, H) occlusal, lingual-oblique, and posterior views of a damaged left P4, paratype WAM 2020.4.12; (F) occlusal view of a left P4 of M. gigas ANWC CM568. Scale bars 1 mm.
Figure 4 in A New Species of Extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia
Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of holotype and paratype material of Macroderma handae sp. nov. (A, C, E, G) occlusal, lingual, labial, and labial-oblique views of the left M2 from the holotype WAM 2020.4.1; (B, D, F, H) corresponding views of the left M2 of M. gigas ANWC CM568; (I) occlusal view of left M3, paratype WAM 2020.4.11; (J) left M3 of M. gigas ANWC CM568. Scale bars 1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.