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6,234 results for “phenotypes”
Experimental and theoretical support for costs of plasticity and phenotype in a nematode cannibalistic trait
<p>Developmental plasticity is the ability of a genotype to express multiple phenotypes under different environmental conditions and has been shown to facilitate the evolution of novel traits. However, while the associated cost of plasticity, i.e., the loss in fitness due to the ability to express plasticity in response to environmental change, and the cost of phenotype, i.e., the loss of fitness due to expressing a fixed phenotype across environments, have been theoretically predicted, empirically such costs remain poorly documented and little understood. Here, we use a plasticity model system, hermaphroditic nematode Pristionchus pacificus, to experimentally measure these costs in wild isolates under controlled laboratory conditions. P. pacificus can develop either a bacterial feeding or predatory mouth morph in response to different external stimuli, with natural variation of mouth-morph ratios between strains. We first demonstrated the cost of phenotype by analyzing fecundity and developmental speed in relation to mouth morphs across the P. pacificus phylogenetic tree. Then, we exposed P. pacificus strains to two distinct microbial diets that induce strain-specific mouth-form ratios. Our results indicate that the plastic strain does shoulder a cost of plasticity, i.e., the diet-induced predatory mouth morph is associated with reduced fecundity and slower developmental speed. In contrast, the non-plastic strain suffers from the cost of phenotype since its phenotype does not change to match the unfavorable bacterial diet but shows increased fitness and higher developmental speed on the favorable diet. Furthermore, using a stage-structured population model based on empirically derived life history parameters, we show how population structure can alleviate the cost of plasticity in P. pacificus. The results of the model illustrate the extent to which the costs associated with plasticity and its effect on competition depend on ecological factors. This study provides support for costs of plasticity and phenotype based on empirical and modeling approaches.</p>
Sexes in sync: phenotypic plasticity, sexual selection, and phenological synchrony between the sexes in a wild hibernator
<p>Desynchrony of phenological responses to climate change is a major concern in ecological communities. Potential uncoupling between one of the most fundamental divisions within populations, males and females, has not been well studied. To address this gap, we examined sex-specific plasticity in hibernation phenology in two populations of Columbian ground squirrels (<em>Urocitellus</em> <em>columbianus</em>). We find that both sexes display similar phenological plasticity to spring snowmelt dates in their timing of torpor termination and behavioural emergence from hibernation. As a result of this plasticity, the degree of protandry (i.e., males' emergences from hibernation preceding those of females) did not change significantly over the 27-year study. Earlier male behavioural emergence, relative to females, improved the likelihood of securing a breeding territory and increased annual reproductive success. Sexual selection favouring earlier male emergence from hibernation may maintain protandry in this population but did not contribute to further advances in male phenology. Older males also tended to emerge earlier and secure territories, and so it is unclear whether selection acts indirectly through age. Together, our results provide evidence that the sexes should remain synchronised, at least in response to the weather variation investigated here, and further support the role of sexual selection in the evolution of protandry in sexually reproducing organisms.</p>
Obesity Risk in African American Women is Determined by a Diet-by-phenotype Interaction
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03499509. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Newborn Feeding and Infant Phenotype
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02033005. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Characteristics, Phenotypes, and TRAITS of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (TRAITS-HFpEF)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05383287. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Phenotyping Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) by Intravesical Contrast Enhanced - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (ICE-MRI) Bladder Permeability Assay
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05811377. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Eastern Siberia PCOS Epidemiology & Phenotype Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05194384. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
A Longitudinal Study to Identify IBS Phenotypes Using Fecal Microbiota and Hydrogen Breath Testing
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03219528. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Prandial Metabolic Phenotyping in Sarcopenic Older Adults Comparing Plant Based and Whey Based Protein
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06628349. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
PD-L1 Inhibition as ChecKpoint Immunotherapy for NeuroEndocrine Phenotype Prostate Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03179410. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Study of Asthma Phenotypes and Pharmacogenomic Interactions by Race-Ethnicity (SAPPHIRE)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01142947. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Study to Examine the Clinical Effectiveness of Tafamidis in Patients With Mixed Phenotype Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05139680. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Non-invasive Computer-Aided Phenotyping of Vasculopathy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02143102. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Rapid Screening Phenotype Test To Evaluate CYP 2C19 Enzyme Activity Using Stable Isotope [13C]Pantoprazole
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00668902. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Endotypes and Impact on Phenotypes of People Living With HIV
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03575143. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Estimating Apnea Phenotypes From Polysomnography: Oxygen
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01751971. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Precision OSA Therapy Based on Phenotypes and Endotypes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06825923. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Post-marketing Surveillance of Ofev Capsules in Chronic Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases With a Progressive Phenotype in Japan
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04559581. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Mechanisms and Phenotypes of Hypertension in Patients in Chronic Hemodialysis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06764277. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
Clinical Phenotyping and Genotyping of HIV-Associated Sensory Neuropathy: The HIV-POGO Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02555930. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.