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Figure 4 from: Drapak I, Zimenkovsky B, Perekhoda L, Suleyman М, Yeromina H, Skaletska N, Seredynska N, Demchenko A (2019) Search for angiotensin II receptor antagonists among 4-aryl-n-(aryl)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-imine derivatives. Pharmacia 66(4): 181-186. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36808
Figure 4 Superposition of molecule of the compound 3(3) hydrobromide of 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(4-bromphenyl)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-imine (grey) in the active site of the angiotensin receptor ІІ (PDB ID: 3R8A).
Figure 3 from: Drapak I, Zimenkovsky B, Perekhoda L, Suleyman М, Yeromina H, Skaletska N, Seredynska N, Demchenko A (2019) Search for angiotensin II receptor antagonists among 4-aryl-n-(aryl)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-imine derivatives. Pharmacia 66(4): 181-186. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36808
Figure 3 Diagram of the interaction of the ligand in complex with the angiotensin receptor ІІ (PDB ID: 3R8A) for hydrobromide of 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(4-bromphenyl)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-imine 3(3).
Figure 1 from: Drapak I, Zimenkovsky B, Perekhoda L, Suleyman М, Yeromina H, Skaletska N, Seredynska N, Demchenko A (2019) Search for angiotensin II receptor antagonists among 4-aryl-n-(aryl)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-imine derivatives. Pharmacia 66(4): 181-186. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36808
Figure 1 Diagram of the interaction of the ligand in complex with the angiotensin receptor ІІ (PDB ID: 3R8A) for hydrobromide of 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-imine 3(1).
Figure 2 from: Drapak I, Zimenkovsky B, Perekhoda L, Suleyman М, Yeromina H, Skaletska N, Seredynska N, Demchenko A (2019) Search for angiotensin II receptor antagonists among 4-aryl-n-(aryl)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-imine derivatives. Pharmacia 66(4): 181-186. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36808
Figure 2 Superposition of molecule of the compound 3(1) hydrobromide of 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-imine (blue) in the active site of the angiotensin receptor ІІ (PDB ID: 3R8A).
Supplementary material 1 from: D'Cruze N, Harrington LA, Assou D, Ronfot D, Macdonald DW, Segniagbeto GH, Auliya M (2020) Searching for snakes: ball python hunting in southern Togo, West Africa. Nature Conservation 38: 13-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.38.47864
: Data type: survey questionnaire form
Intermittent Information-Driven Multi-Agent Area-Restricted Search
<p>An avi movie demonstration of a decentralised autonomous search by a swarm of drones. </p>
Leveraging Natural Language for Program Search and Abstraction Learning Regex
<p>Program synthesis dataset containing text editing tasks and language annotations (synthetic and human annotated) for the Leveraging Natural Language for Program Search and Abstraction Learning (currently under review at NeurIPS 2020). Will be deanonymized upon review.</p>
Experimental Repository for "Learn to Relax: Integrating 0-1 Integer Linear Programming with Pseudo-Boolean Conflict-Driven Search"
<p># Learn to Relax: Integrating 0-1 Integer Linear Programming with Pseudo-Boolean Conflict-Driven Search</p> <p>Experimental repository.</p> <p>Directory structure:</p> <p>- binary: contains the statically compiled RoundingSat binary used for the experiments.<br> - data: contains raw .csv data files of the experiments.<br> - plots: contains the plots in the paper, as well as additional ones.</p>
Software Open Access Maximal-Sum Submatrix search using a hybrid Contraint Programming/Linear Programming approach: experiment code and results
<p>Experiments (made with Snakemake) code & results for the paper " Software Open Access Maximal-Sum Submatrix search using a hybrid Contraint Programming/Linear Programming approach" under review at EJOR.</p>
Identification of seminal proteins related to the inhibition of mate searching in female crickets
<p>In response to the reduction in fitness associated with sperm competition, males are expected to evolve tactics that hinder female remating. For example, females often display a post-mating reduction in their sexual receptivity that has been shown to be mediated by proteins contained in a male's seminal fluid (sfps). However, although there has been comprehensive research on sfps in genetically well characterized species, few non-model species have been studied in such detail. We initially confirm that female Australian field crickets, <i>Teleogryllus oceanicus</i>, do display a significant reduction in their mate searching behavior 24 hours after mating. This effect was still apparent three days after mating but was entirely absent after one week. We then attempted to identify the sfps that might play a role in inducing this behavioral response. We identified two proteins, ToSfp022 and ToSfp011, that were associated with the alteration in female post-mating behavior. The knockdown of both proteins resulted in mated females that displayed a significant increase in their mate searching behaviors compared with females mated to males having the full compliment of seminal fluid proteins in their ejaculate. Our results indicate that the female refractory period in <i>T. oceanicus</i> likely reflects a sperm competition avoidance tactic by males, achieved through the action of male seminal fluid proteins.</p>
Generic High Performance Exact Combinatorial Search
<p>Data for YewPar paper</p>
Searching for evidence of algorithmic randomness and incomputability in the output of quantum random number generators
<p>This upload contains the data and code used in the following paper:</p> <p>J. T. Kavulich, B. P. Van Deren, and M. Schlosshauer, “Searching for evidence of algorithmic randomness and incomputability in the output of quantum random number generators,” <em>Phys. Lett. A</em> 388, 127032 (2021), <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2020.127032">doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2020.127032</a></p> <p>The contents of the data set are as follows:</p> <p>1) Random strings for two QRNGs and four PRNGs. For each RNG, a zip archive provides 100 strings containing 25 x 2<sup>26</sup> = 1,677,721,600 bits each.</p> <p>2) C++ code for the Chaitin–Schwartz–Solovay–Strassen (CSSS) and Borel-normality tests (code.zip, 13 KB).</p> <p>The bulk of this code is not ours, but was written and made publicly available at <a href="https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/research/groups/CDMTCS/export/80_random_seqs">this link</a> by the authors of the following paper:</p> <p>A. A. Abbott, C. S. Calude, M. J. Dinneen, and N. Huang, <em>Phys. Scri.</em> 94 (2019) 045103, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/aaf36a">doi:10.1088/1402-4896/aaf36a</a></p> <p>We have made just a few small modifications to their original code:</p> <ul> <li>For the CSSS tests, a text file containing the Carmichael numbers (for tests 1–3) and odd composites up to 100 (for test 4) is read in and used to perform the tests. (Note: The set of Carmichael numbers used in the tests was generously provided to us by R. G. E. Pinch. Reference: R. G. E. Pinch, The Carmichael numbers up to 10<sup>21</sup>, in: A.-M. Ernvall-Hytönen (Ed.), Proceedings of Conference on Algorithmic Number Theory, Vol. 46, Turku Centre for Computer Science, Turku, Finland, 2007, pp. 129–131.)</li> <li>We combined the first and second CSSS tests into a single program.</li> <li>We reformatted the display of the output, and included a VERBOSE flag for additional status output.</li> </ul> <p>3) Results from CSSS and Borel-normality tests in Python format (results.zip, 22 KB). This archive also contains a Python script (analyze.py) that reads the result files, carries out the statistical analysis, and displays the plots.</p>
Data from: Spatio-temporal dynamics of field cricket calling behaviour: implications for female mate search and mate choice
Amount of calling activity (calling effort) is a strong determinant of male mating success in species such as orthopterans and anurans that use acoustic communication in the context of mating behaviour. While many studies in crickets have investigated the determinants of calling effort, patterns of variability in male calling effort in natural choruses remain largely unexplored. Within-individual variability in calling activity across multiple nights of calling can influence female mate search and mate choice strategies. Moreover, calling site fidelity across multiple nights of calling can also affect the female mate sampling strategy. We therefore investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of acoustic signaling behaviour in a wild population of the field cricket species Plebeiogryllus guttiventris. We first studied the consistency of calling activity by quantifying variation in male calling effort across multiple nights of calling using repeatability analysis. Callers were inconsistent in their calling effort across nights and did not optimize nightly calling effort to increase their total number of nights spent calling. We also estimated calling site fidelity of males across multiple nights by quantifying movement of callers. Callers frequently changed their calling sites across calling nights with substantial displacement but without any significant directionality. Finally, we investigated trade-offs between within-night calling effort and energetically expensive calling song features such as call intensity and chirp rate. Calling effort was not correlated with any of the calling song features, suggesting that energetically expensive song features do not constrain male calling effort. The two key features of signaling behaviour, calling effort and call intensity, which determine the duration and spatial coverage of the sexual signal, are therefore uncorrelated and function independently.
Data from: Experience-dependent mushroom body plasticity in butterflies: consequences of search complexity and host range
An ovipositing insect experiences many sensory challenges during her search for a suitable host plant. These sensory challenges become exceedingly pronounced when host range increases, as larger varieties of sensory inputs have to be perceived and processed in the brain. Neural capacities can be exceeded upon information overload, inflicting costs on oviposition accuracy. One presumed generalist strategy to diminish information overload is the acquisition of a focused search during its lifetime based on experiences within the current environment, a strategy opposed to a more genetically determined focus expected to be seen in relative specialists. We hypothesized that a broader host range is positively correlated with mushroom body (MB) plasticity, a brain structure related to learning and memory. To test this hypothesis, butterflies with diverging host ranges (Polygonia c-album, Aglais io and Aglais urticae) were subjected to differential environmental complexities for oviposition, after which ontogenetic MB calyx volume differences were compared among species. We found that the relative generalist species exhibited remarkable plasticity in ontogenetic MB volumes; MB growth was differentially stimulated based on the complexity of the experienced environment. For relative specialists, MB volume was more canalized. All in all, this study strongly suggests an impact of host range on brain plasticity in Nymphalid butterflies.
Data from: Anthropogenic noise disrupts mate searching in Gryllus bimaculatus
Many animals use acoustic communication as a means of sending important biological information, such as their location, to potential receivers. However, anthropogenic noise is known to affect the ability of some species to either produce or receive signals, which may influence their reproductive success. In this study, we investigate the effect of anthropogenic noise on the mate searching behaviors of the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. To accomplish this, phonotaxis trials were conducted with female field crickets under different acoustic conditions, and their ability to detect and move towards conspecific male calls was assessed. The presence of traffic noise reduced the likelihood that the female would approach the male calls and also reduced the time that the female spent attending to the calling stimulus before making her decision. However, the presence of white noise did not reduce the likelihood of approaching the calling speaker, indicating that the average amplitude of anthropogenic noise is, alone, not important in this conflict, but frequency and fluctuations in the stimulus or other characteristic might be. This study supports the hypothesis that anthropogenic noise does indeed influence the detectability of acoustic mate location signals, thus disrupting mate searching behavior.
Data from: Graph drawing using tabu search coupled with path relinking
Graph drawing, or the automatic layout of graphs, is a challenging problem. There are several search based methods for graph drawing which are based on optimizing an objective function which is formed from a weighted sum of multiple criteria. In this paper, we propose a new neighbourhood search method which uses a tabu search coupled with path relinking to optimize such objective functions for general graph layouts with undirected straight lines. To our knowledge, before our work, neither of these methods have been previously used in general multi-criteria graph drawing. Tabu search uses a memory list to speed up searching by avoiding previously tested solutions, while the path relinking method generates new solutions by exploring paths that connect high quality solutions. We use path relinking periodically within the tabu search procedure to speed up the identification of good solutions. We have evaluated our new method against the commonly used neighbourhood search optimization techniques: hill climbing and simulated annealing. Our evaluation examines the quality of the graph layout (objective function's value) and the speed of layout in terms of the number of evaluated solutions required to draw a graph. We also examine the relative scalability of each method. Our experimental results were applied to both random graphs and a real-world dataset. We show that our method outperforms both hill climbing and simulated annealing by producing a better layout in a lower number of evaluated solutions. In addition, we demonstrate that our method has greater scalability as it can layout larger graphs than the state-of-the-art neighbourhood search methods. Finally, we show that similar results can be produced in a real world setting by testing our method against a standard public graph dataset.
Data from: Specialization and accuracy of host-searching butterflies in complex and simple environments
Populations that have access to a variety of resources are often composed of individuals that specialize on different subsets of resources. Understanding the behavioral mechanisms that drive such individual specialization will help us predict the strength of this specialization across different environments. Here, we explore the idea that individual specialization may be a consequence of constraints on an individual's ability to process information. Because many environments contain an overwhelming number of resources and associated stimuli, individuals that specialize by focusing on only a subset of these resources may make more accurate decisions than individuals that generalize. Furthermore, we expect individuals in complex environments, where there are more resources and associated stimuli to process, to specialize during their search for resources compared to individuals in simple environments. We tested these predictions by measuring the accuracy and degree of specialization of naïve cabbage white butterflies (Pieris rapae) searching for two target host species (radish and cabbage) in simple (one distractor species) and more complex (four distractor species) environments. Only butterflies that specialized on cabbage were more accurate than butterflies that visited a mixture of both radish and cabbage. Furthermore, naïve butterflies searching for hosts in complex environments did not adopt more specialized foraging strategies than naive butterflies searching for hosts in simple environments. Taken together, these results suggest that the foraging benefits associated with specialization might only apply to certain resources (perhaps those that have readily recognizable cues) and that such specializations can be related to accuracy across multiple environments.
Data from: Landscape genomics in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): searching for gene-environment interactions driving local adaptation
A growing number of studies are examining the factors driving historical and contemporary evolution in wild populations. By combining surveys of genomic variation with a comprehensive assessment of environmental parameters, such studies can increase our understanding of the genomic and geographical extent of local adaptation in wild populations. We utilized a large-scale landscape genomics approach to examine adaptive and neutral differentiation across 54 North American populations of Atlantic salmon representing seven previously defined genetically distinct regional groups. Over 5500 genome-wide SNPs were genotyped in 641 individuals and 28 bulk assays of 25 pooled individuals each. Genome scans, linkage map and 49 environmental variables were combined to conduct an innovative landscape genomic analysis. Our results provide valuable insight into the links between environmental variation and both neutral and potentially adaptive genetic divergence. In particular, we identified markers potentially under divergent selection, as well as associated selective environmental factors and biological functions with the observed adaptive divergence. Multivariate landscape genetic analysis revealed strong associations of both genetic and environmental structures. We found an enrichment of growth related functions among outlier markers. Climate (temperature-precipitation) and geological characteristics were significantly associated with both potentially adaptive and neutral genetic divergence and should be considered as candidate loci involved in adaptation at the regional scale in Atlantic salmon. Hence, this study significantly contributes to the improvement of tools used in modern conservation and management schemes of Atlantic salmon wild populations.
Data from: Selective attention by priming in host search behavior of 2 generalist butterflies
In phytophagous insects such as butterflies, there is an evolutionary trend towards specialization in host plant use. One contributing mechanism for this pattern may be found in female host search behavior. Since search attention is limited, generalist females searching for hosts for oviposition may potentially increase their search efficacy by aiming their attention on a single host species at a time, a behavior consistent with search image formation. Using laboratory reared and mated females of two species of generalist butterflies, the comma, Polygonia c-album, and the painted lady, Vanessa cardui (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), we investigated the probability of finding a specific target host (among non-host distractors) immediately after being primed with an oviposition experience of the same host as compared to different host in indoor cages. We used species-specific host plants that varied with respect to growth form, historical age of the butterfly-host association, and relative preference ranking. We found improved search efficacy after previous encounters of the same host for some but not all host species. Positive priming effects were found only in hosts with which the butterfly has a historically old relationship and these hosts are sometimes also highly preferred. Our findings provides additional support for the importance of behavioral factors in shaping the host range of phytophagous insects, and show that butterflies can attune their search behavior to compensate for negative effects of divided attention between multiple hosts.
Self-adaptive Search Equation-Based Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm with CMA-ES on the Noiseless BBOB Testbed
<p>This file contains the data for results of SSEABC algorithm on BBOB functions testbed.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.