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2,052 results for “tree species”
More widespread alien tree species do not have larger impacts on regeneration of native tree species in a tropical forest reserve
There is insufficient information regarding the factors affecting the environmental impacts of alien species. In particular, little is known about whether there is any relationship between the invasiveness (establishment and spread) of an introduced species and its per-capita impact. We experimentally assessed the relationship between the extent of spread of up to 29 alien plant species and their impact on recruitment of native tree species in Amani Botanical Garden, Tanzania. We also studied the effects of allelochemicals of selected alien on native plant species to assess potential mechanisms of impact. We found no relationship between the extent of spread of an alien tree species and their impact on seed germination, seedling survival and seedling communities of native trees in their understory, and no indication that allelochemicals consistently explain their effects on recruitment of the studied species. These results suggest that extent of spread cannot be used as a proxy for impact. Hence, managers should continue assessing both the spread and the impact of alien species when prioritising alien species for management.
Data from: Colonial history impacts urban tree species distribution in a tropical city
Urban forests associated with green infrastructure for sustainable outcomes are particularly critical in the Global South, where some of the world's fastest-growing cities are located. However, compared to temperate cities, the drivers of urban tree species distribution in tropical cities remain understudied. In this study, we quantify the spatial distribution and abundance of urban forests in the tropical city of Georgetown, Guyana. British colonialism has shaped this city, including forced movement of peoples under slavery from Africa and indentured servants from the Indian Subcontinent. We studied how this multicultural context has influenced tree species distributions in the capital city of the only Anglophone country in South America. We quantified the abundance of tree species using a stratified sampling design to distribute transects across fifteen neighborhoods that vary in distance to the colonial center of the city and ethnic composition. We recorded a total of 57 unique species, the majority of which (73%) were cultivated for their edible fruits. We identify tree species that likely represent Guyana's unique multicultural heritage by comparing our species list to flora in nine cities in neighboring countries (Venezuela and Brazil) with different colonial histories. This international comparison identified a set of tree species that occurred only in Guyana. Relationships between ethnic composition and colonial history and tree species distribution were weak at the neighborhood scale, where proportion of East Indian residents had little explanatory power and distance to colonial center was correlated with abundance of only some species groups. This apparent discrepancy between neighborhood and national scales may relate to the establishment of Guyanese food as a unifying national identifier across ethnicities. The prominence of edible fruit trees in our study suggests a set of species that could be incorporated into urban planning to strengthen biocultural linkages, foster cultural integration, and promote food security.
Data from: The functional trait space of tree species is influenced by the species richness of the canopy and the type of forest
Analysing how species modify their trait expression along a diversity gradient brings insight about the role that intraspecific variability plays over species interactions, e.g. competition versus complementarity. Here, we evaluated the functional trait space of nine tree species dominant in three types of European forests (a continental-Mediterranean, a mountainous mixed temperate and a boreal) growing in communities with different species richness in the canopy, including pure stands. We compiled whole-plant and leaf traits in 1719 individuals, and used them to quantify species trait hypervolumes in communities with different tree species richness. We investigated changes along the species richness gradient to disentangle species responses to the neighbouring environment, in terms of hypervolume size (trait variance), shape (trait relative importance) and centroid translation (shifts of mean trait values) using null models. Our main results showed differences in trait variance and shifts of mean values along the tree diversity gradient, with shorter trees but with larger crowns in mixed stands. We found constrained functional spaces (trait convergence) in pure stands, suggesting an important intraspecific competition, and expanded functional spaces (trait divergence) in two-species admixtures, suggesting competition release due to interspecific complementarity. Nevertheless, further responses to increasing species richness were different for each forest type, waning species complementarity in sites with limiting conditions for growth. Our results demonstrate that tree species phenotypes respond to the species richness in the canopy in European forests, boosting species complementarity at low level of canopy diversity and with a site-specific pattern at greater level of species richness. These outcomes evidence the limitation of functional diversity measures based only on traits from pure stands or general trait database values.
Data from: Phylogenomic approaches reveal how climate shapes patterns of genetic diversity in an African rain forest tree species
<p>The world's second largest expanse of tropical rain forest is in Central Africa and it harbours enormous species diversity. Population genetic studies have consistently revealed significant structure across central African rain forest plants, in particular a North-South genetic discontinuity around the equatorial line, in a continuous expanse of rain forest but where a climatic inversion is documented. Here, we took a phylogeographic approach by sequencing 351 nuclear markers in 112 individuals across the distribution of the African rain forest tree species Annickia affinis (Annonaceae). We showed for the first time that the North-South divide is the result of a single, major colonisation event across the climatic inversion from an ancestral population located in Gabon. We suggested that differences in ecological niche of populations located on either side of this inversion may have contributed to this phylogenetic discontinuity. We found evidence for inland dispersal, predominantly in northern areas, and variable demographic histories among genetic clusters, indicating that populations responded differently to past climate change. We show how newly-developed genomic tools can provide invaluable insights into our understanding of tropical rain forest evolutionary dynamics.</p>
Diversity and conservation of saproxylic beetles in 42 European tree species: an experimental approach using early successional stages of branches
<p><strong>Correction: In the original version of this dataset, the non‐native <em>Prunus serotina</em> was incorrectly interchanged with the native <em>Prunus padus</em>, and eight individuals of saproxylic beetles were incorrectly removed from the data when splitting beetles in saproxylic and non‐saproxylic species. The correct tree species is <em>Prunus serotina</em>, and results refer to a total of 113 species of saproxylic beetles and 30,550 individuals. </strong></p> <p>1. Tree species diversity is important to maintain saproxylic beetle diversity in managed forests. However, knowledge about the conservational importance of single tree species and implications for forest management and conservation practices are lacking.</p> <p>2. We exposed freshly cut branch-bundles of 42 tree species, representing tree species native and non-native to Europe, under sun-exposed and shaded conditions for one year. Afterwards, communities of saproxylic beetles were reared ex-situ for two years. We tested for the impact of tree species and sun exposure on alpha-, beta-, and gamma diversity as well as composition of saproxylic beetle communities.</p> <p>3. Tree species had a lower impact on saproxylic beetle communities compared to sun exposure. The diversity of saproxylic beetles varied strongly among tree species, with highest alpha- and gamma-diversity found in <i>Quercus petraea</i>. Red-listed saproxylic beetle species occurred ubiquitously among tree species. We found distinct differences in the community composition of broadleaved and coniferous tree species, native and non-native tree species as well as sun-exposed and shaded deadwood.</p> <p>4. Our study enhances the understanding of the importance of previously understudied and non-native tree species for the diversity of saproxylic beetles. To improve conservation practices for saproxylic beetles and especially red-listed species, we suggest a stronger incorporation of tree species diversity and sun exposure into forest management strategies, including the enrichment of deadwood from native tree species and with a specific focus on locally rare or silvicultural less important tree species.</p>
Data from: Tree species identity determines wood decomposition via microclimatic effects
Empirical evidence suggests that the rich set of ecosystem functions and nature's contributions to people provided by forests depends on tree diversity. Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research revealed that not only species richness per se but also other facets of tree diversity, such as tree identity, have to be considered to understand the underlying mechanisms. One important ecosystem function in forests is the decomposition of deadwood that plays a vital role in carbon and nutrient cycling and is assumed to be determined by above- and belowground interactions. However, the actual influence of tree diversity on wood decay in forests remains inconclusive. Recent studies suggest an important role of microclimate and advocate a systematical consideration of small-scale environmental conditions. We studied the influence of tree species richness, tree species identity, and microclimatic conditions on wood decomposition in a 12-year old tree diversity experiment in Germany, containing six native species within a tree species richness gradient. We assessed wood mass loss, soil microbial properties, and soil surface temperature in high temporal resolution. Our study shows a significant influence of tree species identity on all three variables. The presence of Scots pine strongly increased wood mass loss, while the presence of Norway spruce decreased it. This could be attributed to structural differences in the litter layer that were modifying the capability of plots to hold the soil surface temperature at night, consequently leading to enhanced decomposition rates in plots with higher night-time surface temperatures. Therefore, our study confirmed the critical role of microclimate for wood decomposition in forests and showed that soil microbial properties alone were not sufficient to predict wood decay. We conclude that tree diversity effects on ecosystem functions may include different biodiversity facets, such as tree identity, tree traits, and functional and structural diversity, in influencing the abiotic and biotic soil properties.
Supplementary figures for SpeciesTopoTestR: likelihood-based tests of species trees
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Likelihood-based tests of phylogenetic trees are a foundation of modern systematics, and examples of such tests are among the most widely-referenced scientific literature of all time. Over the past decade, an enormous wealth and diversity of model-based approaches have been developed for phylogenetic inference of both gene trees and species trees. However, while many techniques exist for conducting formal likelihood-based tests of gene trees, such frameworks are comparatively underdeveloped and underutilized for testing species-level hypotheses. To date, widely-used tests of tree topology are designed to assess the fit of classical models of molecular sequence data and individual gene trees, and thus, are not readily applicable to the problem of species tree inference. We derive several analogous likelihood-based approaches for testing species-level topologies using modern species tree models and algorithms for maximum likelihood estimation under the multispecies coalescent. For the purpose of comparing support for species-level relationships, these tests leverage the statistical procedures of their original gene tree-based counterparts that have a long history for testing phylogenetic hypotheses at single loci. We discuss and demonstrate a number of applications, limitations, and important considerations of these tests using simulated and empirical phylogenomic datasets that include both bifurcating topologies and reticulate network models of species relationships. Finally, we introduce the open-source R package <i>SpeciesTopoTestR </i>(<u>Species</u> <u>Topo</u>logy <u>Test</u>s in <u>R</u>) that includes a suite of functions for conducting formal likelihood-based tests of species topologies. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Characteristics of households that were interviewed in a study that investigated factors driving tree species in cocoa farms in Cote d'Ivoire
<p>1. Intensive cocoa production in Côte d'Ivoire, the World's leading cocoa producer, has grown at the expense of forest cover. To reverse this trend, the country has adopted a 'zero deforestation' agricultural policy and committed to rehabilitate its forest cover through the planting of high-value tree species in cocoa landscapes using a participatory approach. However, less is known on the factors influencing farmers' introduction of high-value tree species in cocoa landscapes.</p> <p>2. We tested the hypothesis that ten factors previously reported to influence agroforestry systems adoption predict the number and choice of tree species that farmers introduce in cocoa farms. We interviewed 683 households in the cocoa-producing zone of Côte d'Ivoire and counted tree species in their cocoa farms.</p> <p>3. On average two tree species were recorded per surveyed farm. Generalized Poisson regression models revealed that cocoa production area, experience in tree planting and expected benefits influence tree species introduction through planting or 'retention' when clearing land for cocoa establishment. Age of farmer also influenced (P = 0.017) farmers' tree species planting in cocoa farms. Few tree species were introduced in current intensive cocoa-production areas than in 'old cocoa-loop' and forested areas. The number of tree species introduced in cocoa farms increased with expected benefits and experience in tree planting. The number of planted tree species also increased with farmers' age. Tree species were mostly selected for provision of shade to cocoa, production of useful tree products (38%) and income from the sale of these products (7%). Fruit tree species were the most planted while timber tree species were mostly spared when clearing land for cocoa production.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications. Agroforestry is gaining momentum in Côte d'Ivoire, as public and private institutions including the World Agroforestry Centre are developing and deploying multi-strata cocoa-based agroforestry systems. The results of the present study can guide the design and implementation of biodiverse cocoa-based agroforestry in the cocoa-producing zones of the country</p>
Rare tree species have narrow environmental but not functional niches
<p><span>1. The majority of species in many communities are rare, and it is an enduring challenge to understand the mechanism of species rarity and commonness in local communities. The niche partitioning hypotheses posit that common species occupy wide and core positions, while rare species occupy narrow and outlying niche positions. We test these hypotheses here, simultaneously considering both an environmental and a functional perspective on niches.</span></p> <p class="1"><span>2. We examined how niches correlate with species abundance in environmental and functional space by quantifying relationships between species abundance and niche width and niche position. Environmental niches were defined as the section of an environmental gradient where each species occurred, and functional niches using species traits thought to be related to resource acquisition. Hypotheses were tested using a dataset including functional traits collected from 4302 individual trees of 423 species and environmental data in one subtropical and one tropical forest in China.</span></p> <p class="1"><span>3. Consistent with the niche partitioning hypotheses, rare species in our two study systems tended to occupy the edges of the functional and environmental niche space. This likely allows rare species to avoid competition from dominant species. On the other hand, rare species tended to have a similar or larger niche width than common species in functional space, which contrasts with their narrower niche width in environmental space.</span></p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our results support the prediction that rare species occupy outlying niches to avoid competition with common species. We found inconsistent evidence, though, about the niche width of rare species. Rare species may be less constrained in functional space, and persist by dint of their functional lability and ability to use a variety of resources. <span>Our work</span> supports previously hypothesized mechanisms underlying local species abundance patterns, but highlights new idiosyncrasies when considering environmental niche or functional space alone.</p>
Genomic evidence of introgression and adaptation in a model subtropical tree species, Eucalyptus grandis
<p>The genetic consequences of adaptation to changing environments can be deciphered using landscape genomics, which may help predict species' responses to global climate change. Towards this, we used genome-wide SNP marker analysis to determine population structure and patterns of genetic differentiation in terms of neutral and adaptive genetic variation in the natural range of Eucalyptus grandis, a widely cultivated subtropical and temperate species, serving as genomic reference for the genus. We analysed introgression patterns at subchromosomal resolution using a modified ancestry mapping approach and identified provenances with extensive interspecific introgression, suggesting early hybrid speciation in response to increased aridity. Furthermore, we describe potentially adaptive genetic variation as explained by environment-associated SNP markers, which also led to the discovery of a large structural variant. Finally, we show that genes linked to these markers are enriched for biotic and abiotic stress responses.</p>
Data from: Can variation in seed removal patterns of Neotropical pioneer tree species be explained by local ant community composition?
<p>Many plants depend on animals for seed dispersal, and ants commonly fill this role. We examined if heterogeneity in ant community composition among sites, between above- and below-ground foraging guilds, or between seasons predicts observed variation in seed removal rates for 12 nonmyrmecochorous Neotropical pioneer tree species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We also investigated if ants associated with removing seeds differed in specific morphological characters from the larger ant community. We observed ant-seed interactions at caches to determine which ants removed seeds of 12 tree species. We also sampled ant community composition by placing 315 pitfall traps and 160 subterranean traps across the five sites where seed removal rates were quantified. Above-ground ant community composition varied by site but not season. Among-site variation in ant composition did not predict seed removal patterns at these same sites. Below-ground ant communities differed from above-ground ant communities but were not structured by either site or seed cache type. Finally, ants that removed seeds did not differ morphologically from the broader ant community. Overall, our results suggest ant communities vary over relatively small spatial scales but exhibit a high degree of functional redundancy in terms of seed removal services provided for Neotropical pioneer tree species.</p>
Adaptive trait syndromes along multiple economic spectra define cold and warm adapted ecotypes in a widely distributed foundation tree species
<p>1. The coordination of traits from individual organs to whole plants is under strong selection because of environmental constraints on resource acquisition and use. However, the tight coordination of traits may provide underlying mechanisms of how locally adapted plant populations can become maladapted because of climate change. 2. To better understand local adaptation in intraspecific trait coordination, we studied trait variability in the widely distributed foundation tree species, Populus fremontii using a common garden near the mid-elevational point of this species distribution. We examined 28 traits encompassing four spectra: phenology, leaf economic spectrum (LES), whole-tree architecture (Corner's Rule), and wood economic spectrum (WES). 3. Based on adaptive syndrome theory, we hypothesized that trait expression would be coordinated among and within trait spectra, reflecting local adaptation to either exposure to freeze-thaw conditions in genotypes sourced from high-elevation populations or exposure to extreme thermal stress in genotypes sourced from low-elevation populations. 4. High-elevation genotypes expressed traits within the phenology and WES that limit frost exposure and tissue damage. Specifically, genotypes sourced from high elevations had later mean budburst, earlier mean budset, higher wood densities, higher bark fractions, and smaller xylem vessels than their low-elevation counterparts. Conversely, genotypes sourced from low elevations expressed traits within the LES that prioritized hydraulic efficiency and canopy thermal regulation to cope with extreme heat exposure, including 40% smaller leaf areas, 67% higher stomatal densities, and 34% higher mean theoretical maximum stomatal conductance. Low-elevation genotypes also expressed a lower stomatal control over leaf water potentials that subsequently dropped to pressures that could induce hydraulic failure. 5. Synthesis. Our results suggest that P. fremontii expresses a high degree of coordination across multiple trait spectra to adapt to local climate constraints on photosynthetic gas exchange, growth, and survival. These results, therefore, increase our mechanistic understanding of local adaptation and the potential effects of climate change that in turn, improves our capacity to identify genotypes that are best suited for future restoration efforts.</p>
Data from: Combining US and Canadian forest inventories to assess habitat suitability and migration potential of 25 tree species under climate change
Aim: To evaluate current and future dynamics of 25 tree species spanning USA and Canada. Location: USA and Canada Methods: We combine, for the first time, the species compositions from relative importance derived from the USA's Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) with gridded estimates based on Canada's National Forest Inventory (NFI-kNN) ) based photo plot data to evaluate future habitats and colonization potentials for 25 tree species. Using 21 climatic variables under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, we model climatic habitat suitability (HQ) within a consensus based multi-model ensemble regression approach. A migration model is used to assess colonization likelihoods (CL) for ~100 years and combined with HQ to evaluate the various combinations of HQ+CL outcomes for the 25 species. Results: At a continental scale, many species in the conterminous USA lose suitable climatic habitat (especially under RCP 8.5) while Canada and USA's Alaska gain climate habitat. For most species, even under optimistic migration rates, only a small portion of overall future suitable habitat is projected to be naturally colonized in ~ 100 years, although considerable variation exists among species. Main conclusions: For the species examined here, habitat losses were primarily experienced along southern range limits, while habitat gains were associated with northern range limits (especially under RCP 8.5). However, for many species, southern range limits are projected to remain relatively intact, albeit with reduced habitat quality. Our models predict that only a small portion of the climatic habitat generated by climate change will be colonized naturally by the end of the current century - even with optimistic tree migration rates. However, considerable variation among species points to the need for significant management efforts, including assisted migration, for economic or ecological reasons. Our work highlights the need to employ range-wide data, evaluate colonization potentials, and enhance cross-border collaborations.
FIGURE 36. Maximum parsimony tree for cytochrome b in Two new species of oak gall wasps from Turkey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae Cynipini)
FIGURE 36. Maximum parsimony tree for cytochrome b sequences indicating the relationships of Cynips izzetbaysali sp. nov. and Callirhytis afion, sp. nov. to other Cynipini species. GenBank Accession number for each species used in the analysis is given with the species names. Two new species included in the analysis are coloured in red. Numbers above nodes indicate posterior probability support values.
Divergent responses of forest dominant trees species to the manipulated canopy and understory nitrogen additions in terms of foliage stoichiometric, economic and hydraulic traits
<p>Nitrogen (N) deposition effects on the stoichiometric balance and photosynthetic and hydraulic couplings in subtropical forests has drawn wide attentions. The previously adopted understory application of N fertilization is criticized because it might ignore foliar N retention for different species. This paper reports a fertilizing application from the canopy (CAN) and under the canopy (UAN) in a phosphorus (P) limited ecosystem. Foliage stoichiometric, photosynthetic and hydraulic traits of six dominant species were measured and analyzed. Both treatments equally enhanced foliage N and N/P, but not foliage P, who was highly species-specific depending on tree height, which implied enhanced P limitation. Decreased isotope abundance of <sup><span>15</span></sup>N (δ<sup><span>15</span></sup>N) that approaching to the level in the urea fertilizer under CAN suggested the existence of canopy retention of N. Besides, N response sensitivity of N, P and δ<sup><span>15</span></sup>N that positively related to tree height (H) under CAN indicated different exposure to the added N, which promoted stoichiometric imbalance among species. The photosynthetic traits represented by net photosynthesis (<i><span>A</span></i><sub><span>n</span></sub>) increased under both treatments. A divergent foliar photosynthetic and hydraulic traits varations was identified by signifcant decreased stomatal conductance (<i>g</i><sub><span>s</span></sub>) and <i><span>A</span></i><sub><span>n </span></sub>/<i><span>g</span></i><sub><span>s</span></sub> for CAN treatments, which induced the elevated isotope abundance of <sup><span>13</span></sup>C (δ<sup><span>13</span></sup>C). Correspondingly, foliage hydraulic traits that shifted to water use efficiency axis were identified only under CAN in principal component analysis. Overall, our results proved that the canopy obsorbtion and species heterogeneity should be considered regarding foliar safety vs efficiency trade-off in response to nitrogen additions in the future.</p>
Data from: Variations in ratio and loads of soil nitrogen and phosphorus explain the coexistence of dominant tree species in a boreal forest of Xinjiang, northwest China
<p><span>The resource ratio hypothesis (RRH) and the nutrient-load hypothesis (NLH) state that species coexistence is driven by the ratios and loads (contents) of multiple limiting resources, respectively. However, roles of resource ratios and loads to mature forest ecosystems remains unclear. Data were collected within 300 quadrats (20m×20m) spread across a 12 ha plot of boreal forest in the Kanas of Xinjiang, northwest China. We used torus translation tests to analyze the associations of dominant tree species with specific microhabitats. The linear mixed models were used to assess effects of resource ratios and contents on abundance and basal area of specific species, as well as within different life stages. Two shade-tolerant species, <i>Picea obovata</i> and <i>Pinus sibirica</i>, exhibited opposite relationships to the spatial distribution of soil nitrogen (N) content and phosphorus (P) content. <i>Picea. obovata</i> was associated with microhabitats with high N:P ratio, while <i>P. sibirica</i> preferred microhabitats with low N:P ratio. The light-demanding trees, <i>Betula pendula</i> clustered at both low N and P sites. Another light-demanding trees, <i>Larix sibirica</i>, did not show any significant habitat preferences. Moreover, N:P ratio mainly affected species abundance, while their contents largely impacted basal area of species. And effects of N:P ratio or contents on species distribution showed a decreasing trend from sapling to adults. Overall, our findings indicate that niche partitioning caused by resource variations may alleviate interspecific competition and contribute to the species coexistence, providing convincing proof for the importance of resource ratio and load on maintaining diversity in boreal forests. </span></p>
Data from: Trait plasticity and tradeoffs shape intraspecific variation in competitive response in a foundation tree species
<ul> <li>The ability to tolerate neighboring plants (i.e., degree of competitive response) is a key determinant of plant success in high-competition environments. Plant genotypes adjust their functional trait expression under high levels of competition, which may help explain intraspecific variation in competitive response. However, the relationships between traits and competitive response are not well understood, especially in trees. In this study, we investigated among-genotype associations between tree trait plasticity and competitive response. </li> <li>We manipulated competition intensity in experimental stands of trembling aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>) to address the covariance between competition-induced changes in functional trait expression and aspects of competitive ability at the genotype level. </li> <li>Genotypic variation in the direction and magnitude of functional trait responses, especially those of crown foliar mass, phytochemistry, and leaf physiology, was associated with genotypic variation in competitive response. Traits exhibited distinct plastic responses to competition, with varying degrees of genotypic variation and covariance with other trait responses. </li> <li>The combination of genotypic diversity and covariance among functional traits led to tree responses to competition that were coordinated among traits yet variable among genotypes. Such relationships between tree traits and competitive success have the potential to shape stand-level trait distributions over space and time. </li> </ul>
Critical seed transfer distances for selected tree species in eastern North America
<p>Forest planting events present key opportunities to enhance forest adaptation and growth through the selection of appropriate growing materials (seeds and seedlings). Critical to such efforts is knowledge of the climatic distance that seed sources can be moved before significant growth forfeitures are incurred. These limits, referred to here as critical seed transfer distances (CSTD), can be used to identify a potential seed procurement region for any given planting site and can readily incorporate climate change projections. We assembled provenance trial data from a variety of sources and employed transfer functions to derive CSTDs for five major tree species in eastern North America. Calculated transfer limits were large, indicating that seed sources could be moved significant climatic distances before height growth was less than 90 percent relative to that of the local seed source. These broad relationships would allow considerable flexibility in resulting seed transfer systems; however, given the significant uncertainty surrounding climate change – particularly in the location and timing of extreme weather events – prudent application of seed transfer limits may be appropriate. Synthesis: We assembled and analyzed a significant amount of provenance data to derive novel information on seed movement limits for five tree species in eastern North America. This information will support forest managers in ongoing efforts to incorporate climate change into forest regeneration operations.</p>
Nonlinear Height-DBH model analysis for three tropical tree species in Mt. Makiling, Philippines
<p>The study was conducted to develop the H-DBH models of three species in Mt. Makiling. Six H-DBH models (CR, EX, KF, ML, SC, and WE) were used to derive and estimate the height of three species in Mt. Makilingsix H-DBH models (CR, EX, KF, ML, SC, and WE) were used to derive and estimate the height of three species. Based on the evaluation criteria including R<sup>2</sup>, RMSE, Ē, AMD, AIC, and AIC<sub>w</sub>, the performance of the WE model was determined to be the best in predicting the height of <i>P. malaanonan</i> species while the performance of the KL model was the best both for the <i>D. </i><i>paniculatus,</i> and <i>C. luzonica</i> species. </p>
FIGURE 20. Majority-rule consensus tree from Bayesian analysis using 16S in Revision of the French Polycirridae (Annelida, Terebelliformia), with descriptions of eight new species
FIGURE 20. Majority-rule consensus tree from Bayesian analysis using 16S. Asterisks indicate posterior probability> 90 %. Text in red refers to specimens sequenced during this study.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.