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12,662 results for “linking”

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Fig. 9 in Spatiotemporal dynamics of insect diversity in tropical seasonal forests is linked to season and elevation, a case from northern Thailand

Fig. 9. Spatiotemporal variation in species turnover measured as Mean Local Turnover βwL of Diptera (A) and Auchenorrhyncha (B) trapped during 12 months of sampling over six 500 m elevation zones at Doi Inthanon in 2014. Data were plotted on a grid of elevation zone (vertical axis) and months (horizontal axis) and mapped using the multiquadric gridding algorithm in the gridding module of PAST. Values of βwL (indicated by colour scale bar) vary between 0 (complete identity) and 1.0 (complete non-identity). Data are not available for January and February at <500 m and 500–1,000 m.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2018View details →

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Fig. 7 in Spatiotemporal dynamics of insect diversity in tropical seasonal forests is linked to season and elevation, a case from northern Thailand

Fig. 7. Monthly variation in Equitability (J) of Diptera assemblages during 12 months of sampling over six 500 m elevation zones at Doi Inthanon in 2014. Only points linking data from elevation zones 2,000–2,500 m and>2,500 m are connected by lines. Equitability declines profoundly at higher elevations between September and November indicating a decline in evenness of Diptera assemblages with corresponding prevalence of a number of relatively abundant species compared with other times of year and other elevations.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2018View details →

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Fig. 5 in Spatiotemporal dynamics of insect diversity in tropical seasonal forests is linked to season and elevation, a case from northern Thailand

Fig. 5. Spatiotemporal variation in abundance and species richness of Diptera and Auchenorrhyncha trapped over 12 months sampling over six 500 m elevation zones at Doi Inthanon in 2014. The left panel shows Relative Abundance, A* (number of individuals caught. trap-1. month-1) as log (1+A*) for Diptera (A) and Auchenorryncha (C). The right panel shows observed species richness, S, for Diptera (B) 10 obs and Auchenorryncha (D). Data were plotted on a grid of elevation zone (vertical axis) and months (horizontal axis) and mapped using the multiquadric gridding algorithm in the gridding module of PAST. Values of log10(1+A*) and Sobs are indicated by the colour scale bars. Data are not available for January and February at <500 m and 500–1,000 m.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2018View details →

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Fig. 3 in Scientific Note Behavior of prey links midwater and demersal piscivorous reef fishes

Fig. 3. Results of hierarchical clustering using the group average linkage method. The dendrogram illustrates variable strengths in multi-species relationships and patterns of species groupings (species codes as in Table 2).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2009View details →

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Fig. 2 in Scientific Note Behavior of prey links midwater and demersal piscivorous reef fishes

Fig. 2. Black sea bass Centropristis striata and bank sea bass Centropristis ocyurus (left) in typical orientation at edge of ledge before ambush feeding on prey fish. Two scamp Mycteroperca phenax (right, indicated by arrows) along ledge move towards high density aggregation of prey fishes. Mycteroperca phenax attacked prey fishes subsequent to this photograph.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2009View details →

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Fig. 1. A in Scientific Note Behavior of prey links midwater and demersal piscivorous reef fishes

Fig. 1. A school of blue runner Caranx crysos (top left) and group of greater amberjack Seriola dumerili (right, one visible in photograph) drive prey fishes down to ledge habitat during predation events.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2009View details →

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Geochemistry and petrography of martian meteorite Northwest Africa 11115: A rare earth element-enriched olivine-phyric shergottite closely linked to Northwest Africa 1068

This is the Electronic Appendix of the manuscript "Geochemistry and petrography of martian meteorite Northwest Africa 11115: A rare earth element-enriched olivine-phyric shergottite closely linked to Northwest Africa 1068", by M. Melwani Daswani, N. Greber, J. Hu, R. C. Greenwood, and P. R. Heck, submitted to Meteoritics & Planetary Science. Corresponding author: M. Melwani Daswani (daswani@jpl.caltech.edu) The compressed folder contains two files: 1) NWA11115_CT_scan_TIFF_substack.tif This is a TIFF image stack of the CT scan of the full NWA 11115 sample. Open in a program such as ImageJ (Rasband, W.S., ImageJ, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, <a href="https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/">https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/</a>, 1997-2018). 2) NWA11115_CT_scan_60FPS_JPEG.avi This is a video file of the CT scan of the same NWA 11115 sample. The TIFF stack was converted to a video file (.avi), compressed to JPEG quality, and at a rate of 60 frames per second. Open this file with software such as VLC (<a href="https://www.videolan.org/vlc/">https://www.videolan.org/vlc/</a>).   Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge T. Boudreaux for donating NWA 11115 to the Field Museum, J. Greer and J. Holstein for help with sample preparation, L. Kööp and B. Strack for SEM support, S. Rastegar for preliminary SEM analysis, L. Dussubieux for LA-ICP-MS support, A. I. Neander and Z.-X. Luo for CT scanning and support, and J. Filiberto and A. Treiman for useful discussions. We thank Thomas Pettke for assistance with LA-ICP-MS analyzes of the pressed powder pellets at the University of Bern. GPS Division analytical facilities at Caltech and Chi Ma are thanked for the support on EMPA analysis. PRH acknowledges support from the Tawani Foundation. MMD’s portion of the work was done partly as a private venture and not in the author’s capacity as an employee of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. The authors declare no competing interests. EOF

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

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Linking detected gravity modes to axisymmetric internal magnetic fields

The spectropolarimetric techniques used to characterize surface magnetic fields do not probe the stellar interior, and therefore cannot be used to constrain internal magnetic fields. The most promising way to detect/characterize such fields is to consider their effect on stellar oscillations that probe deep stellar layers, the gravity modes. Conventional asteroseismic modelling ignores any effect of a (internal) magnetic field, however, Prat et al. (2019) developed a formalism that takes the perturbative effect into account for axisymmetric, dipolar, fossil magnetic fields confined to the stellar interior, allowing one to perform magneto-asteroseismic modeling for the first time. Most detected gravity modes in intermediate-mass main-sequence pulsating stars are dipolar, and propagate in the direction of rotation (e.g. Li et al. (2020)). In this talk I will discuss the typical signatures expected in period spacing patterns of dipolar gravity modes, according to the Prat et al. (2019) formalism, for a range of stellar models covering fundamental parameters typical for this mass range. We vary the initial metallicity and mass, the magnetic field strength, the rotation rate, and the degree of mixing in the envelope and near-core regions, throughout the evolution of the main sequence. We find detectable signatures that are significantly different from those due to rotation in the period spacing patterns of gravity modes in terminal age main sequence models if the near-core magnetic field strength is higher than 10^5 Gauss. Such signatures can be used in future magneto-asteroseismic modeling based on photometry from space missions such as Kepler (Borucki et al. (2010)), TESS (targets in the continuous viewing zone; Ricker et al. (2015)) and PLATO (Rauer et al. (2014)).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

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Differences in bee community composition between restored and remnant prairies are more strongly linked to forb community differences than landscape differences

1. Grassland restoration is an important tool for conserving bee biodiversity within agricultural landscapes. Restorations foster increases in local bee abundance and α-diversity, however, these measures are insufficient for understanding if remnant communities are being conserved. We compared native bee α-diversity, β-diversity, and community composition between restored and remnant prairies in Minnesota, USA. We then investigated two potential drivers of bee community dissimilarity between restored and remnant prairies: proportion of agricultural land surrounding a restoration and differences in floral community between restored and remnant prairies. 2. We selected ten restored prairies that lie along a gradient of increasing agricultural land cover, ranging from 20–85% of surrounding land in agricultural production. We paired each restoration with a nearby prairie remnant and sampled bee and floral communities concurrently in each restoration-remnant pair. We quantified bee and forb α-diversity, community composition, β-diversity, and levels of dissimilarity between restoration-remnant pairs along the gradient of agricultural development. Additionally, we quantified differences in the community weighted mean between restored and remnant prairies for two bee traits, oligolecty and tongue length, to investigate how differences in floral community between restored and remnant prairies may influence bee community composition. 3. While bee α-diversity between restored and remnant prairies was similar, bee composition between restorations and remnants were significantly different with restorations being more homogenous than remnants. Differences in bee community composition and β-diversity were not statisticlly related to agricultural landscapes or floral community dissimilarity, however, we found a significantly higher proportion of oligolectic bees in remnant prairies. This difference in oligolectic bees was likely related to the absence of important host plants in restorations. 4. 'Synthesis and application': Prairie restorations should seek to provide diverse floral resources that are of similar composition to remnant prairies. Specifically, providing important floral host plants for pollen specialist bees could improve restorations' ability to conserve prairie remnant bee communities.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

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Supplement to "Endogenous DHEAS is causally linked with lumbar spine bone mineral density and forearm fractures in women - A mendelian randomization study"

Supplemental tables to "Endogenous DHEAS is causally linked with lumbar spine bone mineral density and forearm fractures in women - A mendelian randomization study" by Johan Quester, Maria Nethander, Anna Eriksson and Claes Ohlsson.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

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Stable and compact RF-to-optical link using lithium niobate on insulator waveguides

Stable and compact RF-to-optical link using lithium niobate on insulator waveguides Optical frequency combs have become a very powerful tool in metrology and beyond thanks to their ability to link radio frequencies with optical frequencies via a process known as self-referencing. Typical self-referencing is accomplished in two steps: the generation of an octave-spanning supercontinuum spectrum and the frequency-doubling of one part of that spectrum. Traditionally, these two steps have been performed by two separate optical components. With the advent of photonic integrated circuits, the combination of these two steps has become possible in a single small and monolithic chip. One photonic integrated circuit platform very well suited for on-chip self-referencing is lithium niobate on insulator - a platform characterised by high second and third order nonlinearities. Here we show that combining a lithium niobate on insulator waveguide with a silicon photodiode results in a very compact and direct low-noise path towards self-referencing of mode-locked lasers. Using digital servo electronics, the resulting frequency comb is fully stabilized. Its high degree of stability is verifed with an independent out-of-loop measurement and is quantifed to be 6.8 mHz. Furthermore, we show that the spectrum generated inside the lithium niobate waveguide remains stable over many hours.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

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Application of hyperbolic geometry of multiplex networks under layer link-based attacks

As real multilayer networks, we consider four networks. The multilayer networks are converted to multiplex networks by assuming that all layers have the same number of nodes (the maximum number of nodes of all layers). Explanation of these networks is as follow: <ol> <li>CS-Aarhus_multiplex [1] : The first network used in this study is a 5-layer multiplex network, named CS-Aarhus_multiplex, which has 61 nodes and 620 edges. The multiplex social network consists of five kinds of online and offline relationships (Facebook, Leisure, Work, Co-authorship, Lunch) between the employees of the Computer Science department at Aarhus.</li> <li>Data_malaria_PLOSCompBiology_2013 [2]: The second network is a 9-layer multiplex network, which consists of 307 nodes and 35306 edges. Networks of recombinant antigen genes from the human malaria parasite P. falciparum. Each of the 9 networks shares the same set of vertices but has different edges, corresponding to the 9 highly variable regions (HVRs) in the DBLa domain of the var protein. Nodes are var genes, and two genes are connected if they share a substring whose length is statistically significant.</li> <li>VICKERS CHAN 7th-GRADERS [3] : The third network is a 3-layer multiplex network, called VICKERS CHAN 7th-GRADERS, which includes 29 nodes and 740 edges. The data were collected by Vickers from 29 seventh-grade students in a school in Victoria, Australia. Students were asked to nominate their classmates on several relations including the three layers.</li> </ol>        4. FAO MULTIPLEX TRADE NETWORK [4]: The fourth network is a 364-layer multiplex network, which contains 214 nodes and 318346 edges. We consider different types of trade relationships among countries, obtained from FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

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