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1,085 results for “Ciliophora”
Figure 5 in Updating the phylogeny and taxonomy of pleurostomatid ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora) with establishment of a new family, a new genus and two new species
Figure 5. Photomicrographs of Loxophyllum apochlorelligerum sp. nov. in life (A–H) and after silver proteinate staining (I–M). A, left view of a typical individual; the arrow shows the contractile vacuole. B, D, G, shape variants; the arrows point to the contractile vacuole. C, posterior end; the arrows indicate extrusomes. E, macronuclear nodules. F, details of cytoplasm; the arrows indicate extrusomes. H, surface of pellicle; the arrows indicate cortical granules. I, nuclear apparatus; the arrow indicates the micronucleus. J, right view. K, anterior portion of left side; the arrow indicates perioral kinety 1; the arrowhead marks the dorsal brush kinety. L, left view. M, details of left side; the arrows indicate the left somatic kineties. Abbreviation: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 75 µm in A, J, L; 80 µm in B, D, G.
Figure 5 in Phylogeny of a new ciliate family Clampidae fam. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), with notes on morphology and morphogenesis
Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter's oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter's oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm.
Figure 4 in Phylogeny of a new ciliate family Clampidae fam. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), with notes on morphology and morphogenesis
Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L).
Figure 9 in Updating the phylogeny and taxonomy of pleurostomatid ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora) with establishment of a new family, a new genus and two new species
Figure 9. Schematic drawings showing the key morphological features for separating genera within the order Pleurostomatida. Arrowheads mark anterior ends of right somatic kineties, and arrows indicate the glabrous area formed by anteriorly shortened right kineties in genera of Paralitonotidae.
Figure 8 in Updating the phylogeny and taxonomy of pleurostomatid ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora) with establishment of a new family, a new genus and two new species
Figure 8. Nucleotide differences between similar species based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences. A, nucleotide differences between Paralitonotus foissneri sp. nov. and similar species. B, nucleotide differences between Loxophyllum spp. Two new sequences in our present work are on the first row. Numbers indicate the position of nucleotides. Missing sites are indicated by dashes (–). Filled circles represent the same position of nucleotides. Abbreviations: Apo., Apolitonotus; L., Loxophyllum; Lit., Litontous; Par. foissneri, Paralitonotus foissneri sp. nov.; Pro., Protolitonotus; Pse., Pseudolitonotus.
Figure 1 in Updating the phylogeny and taxonomy of pleurostomatid ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora) with establishment of a new family, a new genus and two new species
Figure 1. Locations and images of sampling sites in China. A–C, maps showing locations of sampling sites (blue circles). D, a marine intertidal area near Gangdong Fishing Pier (36°16′35.817″N, 120°40′32.0124″E) in Qingdao, where Paralitonotus foissneri gen. & sp. nov. was collected. E, view of Weishan Lake Wetland (34°45′59.56″N, 117°09′22.65″E), where Loxophyllum apochlorelligerum sp. nov. was collected.
Figure 1 in Phylogeny of a new ciliate family Clampidae fam. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), with notes on morphology and morphogenesis
Figure 1. Geographical location and photographs of the sampling site of the freshwater fishpond. A–C, location of sampling site; D, details of the sampling site of the fishpond where Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. was collected.
Figure 4 in Updating the phylogeny and taxonomy of pleurostomatid ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora) with establishment of a new family, a new genus and two new species
Figure 4. Loxophyllum apochlorelligerum sp. nov. in life (A, D–F, H–J) and after silver proteinate staining (B, C, G). A, left view of a typical individual; arrows point to dorsal warts. B, C, ciliary pattern of left (B) and right (C) sides. D, distribution of extrusomes; the arrow marks the contractile vacuole. E, shape variants in the same individual. F, specimens from the original population of Loxophyllum chlorelligerum, redrawn from Vuxanovici (1959). G, anterior portion of left side. H, nuclear apparatus. I, cortical granules. J, extrusomes. Abbreviations: DB, dorsal brush; Ex, extrusomes; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; PK1, perioral kinety 1; PK2, perioral kinety 2; PK3, perioral kinety 3. Scale bars: 75 µm in A–C; 40 µm in D, E; 2 µm in J.
FIGURE 5. Thurstonia nilotica n in Four new species of Hysterocinetida (Protozoa: Ciliophora) from the digestive tract of earthworms collected to the lower Nyong estuary (South Coast, Cameroon)
FIGURE 5. Thurstonia nilotica n. sp. A. General morphology after double staining by DAPI (blue) and immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) using FITC-conjugated anti-tubulin antibody (green); B. General morphology (Drawings after silver staining); C. Ciliature of the upper face; D. Ciliature of the lower face; BA. Buccal Apparatus; Ma. Macronucleus; Mi. micronucleus; Su. Sucker. Scale bar: 20 μm.
FIGURE 4. Thurstonia emini n in Four new species of Hysterocinetida (Protozoa: Ciliophora) from the digestive tract of earthworms collected to the lower Nyong estuary (South Coast, Cameroon)
FIGURE 4. Thurstonia emini n. sp. A. General morphology after double staining by DAPI (blue) and immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) using FITC-conjugated anti-tubulin antibody (green); B. General morphology (Drawings after silver staining); C. Ciliature of the upper face; D. Ciliature of the lower face; BA. Buccal Apparatus; Ma. Macronucleus; Mi. micronucleus; Su. Sucker. Scale bar: 20 μm.
FIGURE 2. Preptychostomum donendaensis n in Four new species of Hysterocinetida (Protozoa: Ciliophora) from the digestive tract of earthworms collected to the lower Nyong estuary (South Coast, Cameroon)
FIGURE 2. Preptychostomum donendaensis n. sp. A. General morphology after double staining by DAPI (blue) and immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) using FITC-conjugated anti-tubulin antibody (green); B. General morphology (Drawings after silver staining); C. Ciliature of the upper face; D. Ciliature of the lower face; BA. Buccal Apparatus; Ma. Macronucleus; Mi. micronucleus; Su. Sucker. Scale bar: 20 μm.
FIGURE 3. Proptychostomum gigas n in Four new species of Hysterocinetida (Protozoa: Ciliophora) from the digestive tract of earthworms collected to the lower Nyong estuary (South Coast, Cameroon)
FIGURE 3. Proptychostomum gigas n. sp. A. General morphology after double staining by DAPI (blue) and immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) using FITC-conjugated anti-tubulin antibody (green); B. General morphology (Drawings after silver staining); C. Ciliature of the upper face; D. Ciliature of the lower face; BA. Buccal Apparatus; Ma. Macronucleus; Mi. micronucleus; Su. Sucker. Scale bar: 20 μm.
FIGURE 4. A–F in First record of ectoparasitic ciliates, of genus Trichodina (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) parasiting cultured Oranda Gold Fish (Carassius auratus auratus L.) in India
FIGURE 4. A–F Diagrammatic drawings of the denticles of Trichodinid species i.e. (A) Trichodina reticulata Hirschman and Partesh 1955 (B) Trichodina mutabilis Kazubski & Migala 1968 (C) Trichodina acuta Lom 1961 (D) Trichodina ngoma Van & Basson 1992 (E) Trichodina nandusi Mitra et al. 2013 (F) Trichodina domergui Wallengren 1897 obtain in the present study.
FIGURE 3. A–F in First record of ectoparasitic ciliates, of genus Trichodina (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) parasiting cultured Oranda Gold Fish (Carassius auratus auratus L.) in India
FIGURE 3. A–F Photomicrographs of silver nitrate impregnated adhesive discs of Trichodinid species. (A) Trichodina reticulata Hirschman & Partesh 1955 (B) Trichodina mutabilis Kazubski & Migala 1968 (C) Trichodina acuta Lom 1961 (D) Trichodina ngoma Van & Basson 1992 (E) Trichodina nandusi Mitra et al. 2013 (F) Trichodina domergui Wallengren 1897 identified from Carassius auratus auratus (L.). Scale Bar–20 µm.
FIGURE 1 in First record of ectoparasitic ciliates, of genus Trichodina (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) parasiting cultured Oranda Gold Fish (Carassius auratus auratus L.) in India
FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of denticles of Trichodina magna Van As and Basson, 1989 to illustrate the sequence and method of the description of denticle elements, according to the method of Van As and Basson (1989). Abbreviations: abblade apex, abm—anterior blade margin (surface), ba—blade apophysis, bc—blade connection, ca—centre of adhesive disc, ccp—central conical part, cp—central part, dbm—distal blade margin (surface), dpc—deepest point of curve relative to apex, ira—indentation in lower central part, pbm—posterior blade margin (surface), pp—posterior projection, ra—ray apophysis, rc—ray connection, tp—tangent point.
Figure 7. A in Re-evaluation of the systematic position of the order Prostomatida (Protista: Ciliophora), with the establishment of two new genera and two new species
Figure 7. A, putative secondary structure of V9 region of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of 18 representative species. The major differences are indicated by shading. B, the unique sites of the alignment of SSU rRNA gene sequences for the two groups. Group 1 contains Prostomatida and Trimyemidae; group 2 contains Apsiktratidae and some representative prorodontids.
Figure 3 in Re-evaluation of the systematic position of the order Prostomatida (Protista: Ciliophora), with the establishment of two new genera and two new species
Figure 3. Platina marina gen. nov., sp. nov. from life (A–L), after protargol staining (M, O–R) and after 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining (N). A, ventral view of a representative individual, showing general appearance of body. B, the caudal cilium (arrow). C, H, I, lateral view, showing shape variants and transverse bulge located on dorsal side (arrowheads). D–G, ventral view, showing shape variants. J, K, compressed individuals, showing the silverline system of the ventral side (arrows) and dorsal side (arrowheads), and perioral cilia (double arrowheads). L, silverline system of the dorsal side. M, N, showing the macronucleus and micronucleus (arrow). O, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (arrowhead) and perioral kineties (arrow). P, the dividing line between the ventral side and the dorsal side, showing the only transverse row of kinetids on the dorsal side (arrowhead). Q, R, side view of the holotype specimen, showing ciliary pattern of the cell, circumoral kinety (arrowheads) and the only transverse row of kinetids on the dorsal side (arrow) except for perioral kineties. Scale bars: 25 μm in A–I; 10 μm in Q, R.
Figure 6 in Re-evaluation of the systematic position of the order Prostomatida (Protista: Ciliophora), with the establishment of two new genera and two new species
Figure 6. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree inferred from small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences, showing the phylogenetic positions of the three newly sequenced species (bold font). Numbers near the nodes represent the ML bootstrap values and Bayesian inference (BI) posterior probabilities, respectively. Fully supported (100/1.00) branches are marked with filled circles. Asterisks (*) indicate disagreements between the ML and BI trees. The scale bar corresponds to five substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions.
Figure 2 in Re-evaluation of the systematic position of the order Prostomatida (Protista: Ciliophora), with the establishment of two new genera and two new species
Figure 2. Platina marina gen. nov., sp. nov. from life (A, F, G) and after protargol staining (B–E, H). A, ventral view of a representative individual, showing general appearance of body. B, C, dorsal (C) and ventral (B) side view of the holotype specimen, showing ciliary pattern of the cell, circumoral kinety (arrows) and the gap (arrowhead) in circumoral kinety. D, ciliary pattern of the anterior portion of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (CK), perioral kineties (PK) and the only transverse row of kinetids on the dorsal side (arrowhead). E, showing the dividing line (arrow) between ventral side and dorsal side. F, lateral view (a) and ventral side view (b) of the same specimen, showing dorsoventrally flattened body and transverse bulge located on the dorsal side (arrowhead). G, silverline system of dorsal side. H, silverline system of ventral side. I, a schematic diagram of an apical view of the cell, showing the circumoral kinety (double arrowhead), perioral kineties (arrowheads) and the only transverse row of kinetids on the dorsal side (arrow). Scale bars: 15 μm.
Figure 1 in Re-evaluation of the systematic position of the order Prostomatida (Protista: Ciliophora), with the establishment of two new genera and two new species
Figure 1. Maps showing the location and photographs showing the appearance of the sampling sites. A, location of Qingdao and sampling sites. B, photograph of intertidal area near Zhanqiao Pier where Parametacystis pulchra gen. nov., sp. nov. and Platina marina gen. nov., sp. nov. were collected. C, photograph of a small pond in Taipingjiao Park where Apsiktrata gracilis was collected. S, salinity; T, temperature.
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