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6,569 results for “Long-term”
Data from: Ancient polymorphisms contribute to genome-wide variation by long-term balancing selection and divergent sorting in Boechera stricta
Background: Genomic variation is widespread, and both neutral and selective processes can generate similar patterns in the genome. These processes are not mutually exclusive, so it is difficult to infer the evolutionary mechanisms that govern population and species divergence. Boechera stricta,is a perennial relative of Arabidopsis thaliana native to largely undisturbed habitats with two geographic and ecologically divergence subspecies. Here we delineate the evolutionary processes driving genetic diversity and population differentiation in this species. Results: Using whole genome re-sequencing data from 517 Boechera stricta accessions, we identify four genetic groups that diverged around 30 - 180 thousand years ago, with long-term small effective population sizes and recent population expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum. We find three genomic regions with elevated nucleotide diversity, totaling about 10% of the genome. These three regions of elevated nucleotide diversity show excess of intermediate-frequency alleles, higher absolute divergence (dXY) and lower relative divergence (FST) than genomic background, and significant enrichment in immune-related genes, reflecting long-term balancing selection. Scattered across the genome we also find regions with both high FST and DXY among groups, termed FST-islands. Population genetic signatures indicate that FST-islands with elevated divergence, which have experienced directional selection, are derived from divergent sorting of ancient polymorphisms. Conclusions: Our results suggest that long-term balancing selection on disease resistance genes may have maintained ancestral haplotypes across different geographical lineages, and unequal sorting of balanced polymorphisms may have generated genomic regions with elevated divergence. This study highlights the importance of ancestral balanced polymorphisms as crucial components of genome-wide variation.
Data from: Long-term in situ persistence of biodiversity in tropical sky-islands revealed by landscape genomics
Tropical mountains are areas of high species richness and endemism. Two historical phenomena may have contributed to this: (1) fragmentation and isolation of habitats may have promoted the genetic differentiation of populations and increased the possibility of allopatric divergence and speciation, and; (2) the mountain areas may have allowed long-term population persistence during global climate fluctuations. These two phenomena have been studied using either species occurrence data or estimating species divergence times. However, only few studies have used intraspecific genetic data to analyse the mechanisms by which endemism may emerge at the microevolutionary scale. Here, we use landscape analysis of genomic SNP data sampled from two high-elevation plant species from an archipelago of tropical sky-islands (the Transmexican Volcanic Belt) to test for population genetic differentiation, synchronous demographic changes and habitat persistence. We show that genetic differentiation can be explained by the degree of glacial habitat connectivity among mountains, and that mountains have facilitated the persistence of populations throughout glacial/interglacial cycles. Our results support the ongoing role of tropical mountains as cradles for biodiversity by uncovering cryptic differentiation and limits to gene flow.
Figure 3 in Ilha Grande, one of the locations with the most records of bat species (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in Rio de Janeiro state: results of a long-term ecological study
Figure 3. Relationship between number of species in the Phyllostomidae family (A) and number of captures in the Phyllostomidae family, (B) and capture effort (h.m²) in bat inventories in Rio de Janeiro state. Numbers correspond to locations listed in Table IV. Dots: cross = study 1 on Ilha Grande; square = study 2 on Ilha Grande; star = study 3 on Ilha Grande; triangle = study 4 on Ilha Grande; black circle = study 5 on Ilha Grande; grey circle = other studies in Rio de Janeiro state.
Figure 1 in Ilha Grande, one of the locations with the most records of bat species (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in Rio de Janeiro state: results of a long-term ecological study
Figure 1. Map of Ilha Grande with sampling points of the five studies described in this paper, conducted between 1998 and 2018 on Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. A map of South America is shown, detailing the location of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in southeastern Brazil, while in the enlargement is shown the state of Rio de Janeiro detailing the location of Ilha Grande.
Figure 2 in Ilha Grande, one of the locations with the most records of bat species (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in Rio de Janeiro state: results of a long-term ecological study
Figure 2. Locations in Rio de Janeiro state where bat inventories have been conducted. Numbers correspond to locations in Table 4. A map of South America is shown, detailing the location of the state of Rio de Janeiro in southeastern Brazil.
Multiple abiotic and biotic drivers of long-term wood decomposition within and among species in semiarid inland dunes: a dual role for stem diameter
<p>This is wood decomposition data conducted in an semiarid inland dune including mass loss, initial wood traits and k values of combinations between five diameter classes and four shrub species under different treatments including UV and litter position. We found that after 34 months of in situ incubation, the mass loss of buried woody litters was three times faster than those of suspended and surface woody litters (53.5 ± 2.7 %, 17.0 ± 1.0 % and 14.4± 1.2 %, respectively). In surface and suspended positions, litter decomposition rates were almost equally low and most mass loss was during the first two years, when bark was still attached and UV radiation had no significant effect on woody litter mass loss.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Supporting data for "Synthesizing long-term sea level rise projections - the MAGICC sea level model v2.0"
<p>This is supporting data and configuration information to reproduce results from the MAGICC sea level model (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.572395) presented in Nauels et al. (2017), using version 7.0 beta of the simple climate carbon-cycle model MAGICC (Meinshausen et al. 2011). For a compiled or source code version of MAGICC including the sea level model (git hash: c5c4e05518ed99f2bd53e2c6e68d238bbd6f17ec), please contact alexander.nauels@climate-energy-college.org.</p> <p>MAGICC input data and CMIP5 reference datasets are provided as a zip-file.</p> <p><br> REFERENCE DATASETS</p> <p>For MAGICC version 7.0 beta, the ocean model has been updated to emulate CMIP5 ocean temperatures and thermal expansion. The calibration results shown in Nauels et al. (2017) are based on potential ocean temperature (thetao) and thermal expansion (zostoga) reference datasets that are provided the 'data' directory. Reference datasets for the other sea level components have to be requested from the authors of the corresponding studies (Marzeion et al. 2014, Fettweis et al. 2013, Nick et al. 2013, Ligtenberg 2013, Levermann 2014). All relevant CMIP5 MAGICC input (.IN) is provided in the 'run' directory.</p> <p><br> MAGICC MODEL CONFIGURATION</p> <p>To customize a MAGICC run, namelist entries have to be modified in the configuration file 'MAGCFG_USER.CFG'. In order to select a CMIP5 model specific MAGICC ocean calibration, the model setup has to be called with the 'FILE_TUNINGMODEL_XX' entry, e.g. 'OCNTUNE_CCSM4' for the CCSM4 model. Automatically, the corresponding initial ocean temperature profile and model specific ocean layer area fractions will be applied. For prescribing the respective surface air temperatures, the namelist flag 'CORE_PRESCRTEMP_APPLY' has to be set to 1, with the model specific temperature dataset defined by 'FILE_PRESCR_SURFACETEMP', e.g. 'CORE_PRESCRTEMP_CMIP5_CCSM4_RCP85.IN'. The following MAGICC namelist entries have to be adapted in order to fully reproduce CMIP5 consistent results presented in Nauels et al. (2017): </p> <p>[...]<br> e.g. FILE_TUNINGMODEL_1 = "OCNTUNE_CCSM4",<br> [...]<br> CORE_SWITCH_TEMPADJUST_OCN2ATM = 1,<br> CORE_SWITCH_OCN_TEMPPROFILE = 2,<br> CORE_SWITCH_OCN_AREAFACTOR = 1,<br> CORE_PRESCRTEMP_APPLY = 1,<br> e.g. FILE_PRESCR_SURFACETEMP = "CORE_PRESCRTEMP_CMIP5_CCSM4_RCP85.IN",<br> [...]<br> OUT_TEMPERATURE = 1,<br> OUT_TEMPOCEANLAYERS = 1,<br> OUT_SEALEVEL = 1,<br> OUT_PARAMETERS = 1,<br> [...]<br> OUT_ASCII_BINARY = "ASCII",<br> [...]</p> <p>MAGICC output is stored in the 'out' directory. Depending on the flag 'OUT_ASCII_BINARY', either ASCII or BINARY files are produced for the output parameters which are set to 1 in the namelist, e.g. 'OUT_SEALEVEL = 1'. </p> <p><br> MAGICC SEA LEVEL MODEL LICENSE</p> <p>This source code of the MAGICC sea level model is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode).</p> <p><br> MAGICC PARENT MODEL LICENSES</p> <p>The MAGICC executable is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/). The MAGICC source code is available under a separate license agreement. Any derivatives have to be fed back to the MAGICC developers, so that users of future MAGICC versions can have the benefit of applying the model alterations, enhancements etc. Furthermore, we would like you to provide feedback, bug reports and development suggestions.</p> <p><br> REFERENCES</p> <p>Fettweis, X., Franco, B., Tedesco, M., van Angelen, J. H., Lenaerts, J. T. M., van den Broeke, M. R., and Gallée, H.: Estimating the Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance contribution to future sea level rise using the regional atmospheric climate model MAR, The Cryosphere, 7, 469–489, 2013.</p> <p>Levermann, A.,Winkelmann, R., Nowicki, S., Fastook, J. L., Frieler, K., Greve, R., Hellmer, H. H., Martin, M. A., Meinshausen, M., Mengel, M., Payne, A. J., Pollard, D., Sato, T., Timmermann, R., Wang, W. L., and Bindschadler, R. A.: Projecting Antarctic ice discharge using response functions from SeaRISE ice-sheet models, Earth Syst. Dynam., 5, 271–293, 2014.</p> <p>Ligtenberg, S. R. M., van de Berg, W. J., van den Broeke, M. R., Rae, J. G. L., and van Meijgaard, E.: Future surface mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet and its influence on sea level change, simulated by a regional atmospheric climate model, Climate Dynamics, 41, 867–884, 2013.</p> <p>Meinshausen, M., Raper, S. C. B., and Wigley, T. M. L.: Emulating coupled atmosphere-ocean and carbon cycle models with a simpler model, MAGICC6 - Part 1: Model description and calibration, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11, 1417–1456, 2011.</p> <p>Nauels, A., Meinshausen, M., Mengel, M., Lorbacher, K., and Wigley, T. M. L.: Synthesizing long-term sea level rise projections – the MAGICC sea level model v2.0, Geosci. Model Dev., 2017.</p> <p>Nick, F. M., Vieli, A., Andersen, M. L., Joughin, I., Payne, A., Edwards, T. L., Pattyn, F., and van de Wal, R. S. W.: Future sea-level rise from Greenland’s main outlet glaciers in a warming climate, Nature, 497, 235–238, 2013.</p>
Assessing the long-term Stability of the Spielberger State-Trait Inventory trait scale over 3.5 Years
<p>The Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is the most cited measure of state and trait anxiety, and is routinely employed in a variety of research and clinical contexts. Here, we investigate the temporal stability as well as the convergent and discriminant validity of the German version of the STAI-T scale across multiple time points in two independent samples (105 and 120 Caucasians). We observed temporal stabilities of .42 - .67 for intervals between 20 and 41 months and from .81 - .87 for intervals of five to 12 months, with decreasing stability as the time interval increased. Temporal stability estimates of the STAI-T were similar to those of related constructs. Additionally, examining the relationships within a nomological network support the recent conclusion that the STAI-T also shares substantial variance with questionnaires measuring negative emotionality such as depression, and hence does not measure anxiety specifically – despite its name. These results provide further psychometric information on what the STAI-T actually measures and to what extent STAI-T scores are expected to be stable across longer time intervals. This is of relevance for researchers aiming, for example, to use the STAI-T scale for predicting symptom trajectories and evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.</p>
Enabling Long-term Cycling Stability of Na3V2(PO4)3/C vs. Hard Carbon Full-cells
<p>Battery cycling data to research paper: </p><p>https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-jf6mq </p><p>for questions on the data files, please contact pirmin[dot]stueble[at]kit.edu or anna[dot]smith[at]kit.edu</p>
BACCHUS Long-Term Dataset
<h2>Agricultural multi-month dataset with overlapping paths for mapping and localisation algorithms for autonomous robots</h2><p>In March 2022, we started conducting the long-term data acquisition campaign at Ktima Gerovassiliou vineyard. This vineyard extends for more than 100ha located on the outskirts of Epanomi, Greece.</p><p>As shown in the image below (taken in March and June), agricultural environments present seasonal changes, repetitive structures, uneven terrain and different weather conditions, which make achieving long-term autonomy for robots a challenging problem.</p><p>Motivated by these challenging conditions and the lack of an agricultural dataset in the literature, we present the BLT dataset. Its primary objective is to push developments and evaluations of different mapping and localisation algorithms for long-term autonomous robots operating in agricultural fields. However, we believe that thanks to its temporal aspect, the dataset can also be used for phenotyping and crop mapping tasks.</p><p>Available from <a href="https://lcas.lincoln.ac.uk/wp/research/data-sets-software/blt/">https://lcas.lincoln.ac.uk/wp/research/data-sets-software/blt/</a></p><p> </p>
Long-term changes in pituitary gene expression following developmental exposure to environmental contaminants (BPS, BDE-47, or TBBPA) in male mice.
<p><strong>Experimental Design</strong></p><p>In this study we evaluate the long-term gene expression changes in pituitary in male mice exposed developmentally to one of three known endocrine disrupting chemicals: bisphenol-S (BPS), 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), and 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Male mice were exposed to chemical treatment through their mothers' during pregnancy (umbilical blood flow) and nursing, from pregnancy day 8 through weaning at postnatal day 21 (PND21). Each chemical exposure was calculated to equal 0.2mg/kg bw/day. The details of exposure protocol are described elsewhere (Kim<i> et al</i>, 2015). The male pups were allowed to grow untreated until adulthood at PND140. At PND140, male mice were euthanized, then their pituitaries removed, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then stored at -80°C. </p><p>The data-files described below represent major steps of our analysis:</p><p><strong>1. FASTQ files for mouse pituitary RNA-seq data.</strong></p><p>Male mouse pituitary RNA was isolated using a Trizol protocol, checked for purity and concentration and then processed for mRNA sequencing using the Illumina TruSeq kit and protocol (TruSeq Stranded mRNA LP, Cat # 20020594 and TruSeq RNA Sg Idx SetB, Cat # 20020493, Illumina, San Diego, CA) following the manufacturer's recommended procedures. High throughput sequencing was conducted using the NextSeq500 sequencing system. cDNA libraries were single-end sequenced in 76 cycles using a NSQ 500/550 Hi Output KT v2.5 (Cat #20024906 Illumina, San-Diego, CA) in one multiplex run (N=3/exposure group). Read filtering, trimming, and de-multiplexing were performed using the BaseSpace cloud service by Illumina (<a href="https://basespace.illumina.com/home/index">https://basespace.illumina.com/home/index</a>, RRID:SCR_011881). Processed reads were mapped to the mouse reference genome (MM10) using the RNA-Seq Alignment v. 1.1.1. software with Bowtie 2. Each FASTQ file is a compressed file representing data from one sequencing flow cell lane for each sample (4 files per sample). Sample identifiers are coded for treatment: X = Vehicle control, R = TBBPA, C = BDE-47, E = BPS. </p><p><strong>2. Differential expression data.</strong></p><p>Aligned reads were used to assemble transcripts and analyze differential expression using Cufflinks Assembly & DE v. 2.1.0. package. Reads aligned to known annotated regions for both control and exposed groups were used to calculate log2 FPKM ratios. Differentially expressed genes were identified as genes altered with false discovery rate significance ≤ 0.05 (FDR, q ≤ 0.05). Data on all exposure groups are shown in different sheets of the same file - Differential_expression.xlsx.</p><p><strong>3. Enrichment of biological categories associated with DEGs induced by chemical exposures. </strong></p><p>All differentially expressed genes were uploaded to Metascape for the analysis of enriched biological categories using default settings. Results of Metascape analysis are shown in two MS Excel files per exposure group, one showing negatively enriched categories and one positively enriched categories. The title of each file consists of three parts connected via underscore sign: the name of the chemical, the direction of enrichment, and the name of analysis - metascape (e.g., BDE-47_negative_metascape.xlsx).</p><p><strong>4. Pathway analysis for chemical exposures.</strong></p><p>All differentially expressed genes were uploaded to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and enriched canonical pathways were identified using default settings . Altered molecular or disease pathways, their p-values, and associated differentially expressed genes are provided for each exposure. Data for all exposure groups are shown in different sheets of the same file - IPA_pathway_analysis.xlsx.</p><p><strong>References:</strong></p><p>Kim B, Colon E, Chawla S, Vandenberg LN, Suvorov A. Endocrine disruptors alter social behaviors and indirectly influence social hierarchies via changes in body weight. Environ Health. 2015 Aug 5;14:64. doi: 10.1186/s12940-015-0051-6. PMID: 26242739; PMCID: PMC4524022.</p>
Long-term sulphide mitigation through molybdate at shrimp pond bottoms
<p>Shrimp are commonly cultured in earthen aquaculture ponds where organic-rich uneaten feed and faeces accumulate on and in the sediment to form anaerobic zones. Since the pond water is rich in sulphate, these anaerobic conditions eventually lead to the production of sulphide. Sulphides are toxic and even lethal to the shrimp that live on the pond sediment, but physicochemical and microbial reactions that occur during the accumulation of organic waste and the subsequent formation of sulphide in shrimp pond sediments remain unclear. Molybdate treatment is a promising strategy to inhibit sulphate reduction, thus, preventing sulphide accumulation. We used an experimental shrimp pond model to simulate the organic waste accumulation and sulphide formation in a long-term experiment (61 days). Sodium molybdate (5 and 25 mg/L Na2MoO4.2H2O) was applied as a preventive strategy to control sulphide production before oxygen depletion. Molybdate addition mitigated H2S production in the sediment, and delayed its transfer to the bulk liquid by pushing the higher sulphide concentration zone towards deeper sediment layers. Molybdate treatment at 25 mg/L significantly impacted the overall microbial community composition and treated samples (5 and 25 mg/L molybdate) had about 50% higher relative abundance of sulphate reducing bacteria than the control (no molybdate) treatment. In conclusion, molybdate worked as long-term mitigation strategy against sulphide accumulation by directly steering the microbial community in a shrimp pond system.</p>
A long-term study of size variation in Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis across Scandinavia, with a focus on Norway
<p><span>Changing climate and growing human impacts are resulting in globally rising temperatures and the widespread loss of habitats. How species will adapt to these changes is not well understood. The Northern Goshawk (<em>Accipiter</em> <em>gentilis</em>) can be found across the Holarctic but is coming under more intense pressure in many places. Studies of recent populations in Finland and Denmark have shown a marked decline in body size of Northern Goshawks over the past century. Here we investigate long-term changes to Norwegian populations of Northern Goshawk by including material from the Middle Ages. We measured 240 skeletons of modern Northern Goshawks from Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland, and 89 Medieval Goshawk bones. Our results show that Norwegian and Swedish female Goshawks have decreased in size over the past century, whilst males showed little decline. Medieval female Goshawks were larger than contemporary females. A decline in forest habitats and a concomitant shift towards smaller prey likely drove a shift to smaller body size in Northern Goshawks. Our study shows that significant body size changes in birds can occur over relatively short time spans in response to environmental factors, and that these effects can sometimes differ between sexes. </span></p>
Fig. 2 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig. 2. Annual rainfall measured adjacent to Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary 1999–2020.
Fig. 3. Forest cover within 300 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig. 3. Forest cover within 300 meters of bird survey points in 1999 and 2020.
Data for: Predation and biophysical context control long-term carcass nutrient inputs in an Andean ecosystem
<p>Animal carcass decomposition is an often-overlooked component of nutrient cycles. The importance of carcass decomposition for increasing nutrient availability has been demonstrated in several ecosystems, but impacts in arid lands are poorly understood. In a protected high desert landscape in Argentina, puma predation of vicuñas is a main driver of carcass distribution. Here, we sampled puma kill sites across three habitats (plains, canyons, and meadows) to evaluate the impacts of vicuña carcass and stomach decomposition on soil and plant nutrients up to 5 years after carcass deposition. Soil beneath both carcasses and stomachs had significantly higher soil nutrient content than adjacent reference sites in arid, nutrient-poor plains and canyons, but not in moist, nutrient-rich meadows. Stomachs had greater effects on soil nutrients than carcasses. However, we did detect higher plant N concentrations at kill sites. The biogeochemical effects of puma kills persisted for several years and increased over time, indicating that kills do not create ephemeral nutrient pulses, but can have lasting effects on the distribution of soil nutrients. Comparison to broader spatial patterns of predation risk reveals that puma predation of vicuñas is more likely in nutrient-rich sites, but carcasses have the greatest effects on soil nutrients in nutrient-poor environments, such that carcasses increase localized heterogeneity by generating nutrient hotspots in less productive environments. Predation and carcass decomposition may thus be important overlooked factors influencing ecosystem functioning in arid environments.</p>
Dynamics of leaching of POPs and additives from plastic in a Procellariiform gastric model: Diet and polymer dependent effects and implications for long-term exposure
<p>Procellariiform seabirds are known to have high rates of plastic ingestion. We investigated the bioaccessibility of plastic-associated chemicals [plastic additives and sorbed persistent organic pollutants (POPs)] leached from plastic over time using an in vitro Procellariiform gastric model. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), commonly ingested by Procellariiform seabirds, were manufactured with one additive [decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE-209) or bisphenol S (BPS)]. HDPE and PVC added with PBDE-209 were additionally incubated in salt water with 2,4,4'-trichloro-1,1'-biphenyl (PCB-28) and 2,2',3,4,4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-138) to simulate sorption of POPs on plastic in the marine environment. Our results indicate that the type of plastic (nature of polymer and additive), presence of food (i.e., lipids and proteins) and gastric secretions (i.e., pepsin) influence the leaching of chemicals in a seabird. In addition, 100% of the sorbed POPs were leached from the plastic within 100 hours, while only 2-5% of the additives were leached from the matrix within 100 hours, suggesting that the remaining 95% of the additives could continue to be leached. Overall, our study illustrates how plastic type, diet and plastic retention time can influence a Procellariform's exposure risk to plastic-associated chemicals.</p>
Long-term oriented culture, performance pressure and corporate innovation evidence from China
<p>This paper extracts cultural elements of long-term orientation from Chinese listed firms' annual reports, then argues and testifies whether long-term orientation can help firms to hang onto risky decisions especially as innovation, when firms are under performance pressure. There are three main conclusions. First, we report that the higher the degree of long-term oriented culture a firm has, the stronger innovation capability the firm shows. Second, we find that long-term oriented culture can improve employee's educational qualifications to promote corporate innovation, as well as improve the corporate internal control to promote innovation. Third, when firms are subjected to internal or external performance pressure in their business process, higher long-term oriented culture will make firms more innovative.</p>
Short and long-term effects of endogenous cortisol on personality traits and behavioral syndromes
<p>Animals express consistent individual differences in some behaviours, termed animal personality but behaviours can also considerably vary within individuals, within minutes or hours, due to environmental stimuli. Consistent among-individual variation is often assumed to be mediated by hormonal mechanisms. Hormones are also involved in flexible and fast responses towards environmental stimuli. Even though basic mechanisms by which hormones regulate behaviours are known, much of the quantitative patterns underlying hormone-behaviour interactions within and among individuals, remain unclear. Here, we conducted two experiments to investigate the immediate, short-term effects of experimentally elevated cortisol titres on well-known animal personality traits (Experiment 1) and the potential long-term effects of such experimentally elevated cortisol titres (Experiment 2) in the medium-sized cavy (<em>Cavia aperea</em>). Therefore, we tested how personality traits related to stress-coping, novelty seeking and social behaviour react within hours towards elevated cortisol. In Experiment 2, we tested if a three-weeks elevation of cortisol affects the same personality traits after cessation of the hormone treatment. We investigated effects on the mean levels of behaviours, i.e., the personality type, the temporal consistency, i.e., repeatability and among-individual correlations of traits. In experiment 1, we found cortisol to lead to more aggressive behaviour and more passive stress-coping while other traits were unaffected. In experiment 2, we found no long-term persisting effects. Both measured hormones, cortisol and testosterone, showed correlations to several personality traits, these correlations were, however, unaffected by the cortisol treatment. Animals receiving the cortisol treatment showed higher repeatability, for one stress-coping trait and lower repeatability for testosterone concentration. Interestingly, sexes differed only in few mean trait expressions but showed different correlation structures across traits. Taken together, our data indicate that personality traits in adult individuals are very consistent and only react via short-term fluctuations towards internal hormonal signals.</p>
Data for: Coherent long-term body-size responses across all Northwest Atlantic herring populations to warming and environmental change despite contrasting harvest and ecological factors
<p>Body size is a key component of individual fitness and an important factor in the structure and functioning of populations and ecosystems. Disentangling the effects of environmental change, harvest, and intra- and inter-specific trophic effects on body size remains challenging for populations in the wild. Herring in the Northwest Atlantic provide a strong basis for evaluating hypotheses related to these drivers given that they have experienced significant warming and harvest over the past century, while also having been exposed to a wide range of other selective constraints across their range. Using data on mean length-at-age 4 for the sixteen principal populations over a period of 53 cohorts (1962-2014), we fitted a series of empirical models for temporal and between-population variation in the response to changes in sea surface temperature. We find evidence for a unified cross-population response in the form of a parabolic function according to which populations in naturally warmer environments have responded more negatively to increasing temperature compared with those in colder locations. Temporal variation in residuals from this function was highly coherent among populations, further suggesting a common response to a large-scale environmental driver. The synchrony observed in this study system, despite strong differences in harvest and ecological histories among populations and over time, clearly indicates a dominant role of environmental change on size-at-age in wild populations, in contrast to commonly reported effects of fishing. This finding has important implications for the management of fisheries as it indicates that a key trait associated with population productivity may be under considerably less short-term management control than currently assumed. Our study, overall, illustrates the need for a comparative approach within species for inferences concerning the many possible effects on body size of natural and anthropogenic drivers in the wild.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.