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12,455 results for “Promoters”
Stereoretention in styrene heterodimerisation promoted by one-electron oxidants
<p>This folder contains the optimised geometries (in .xyz format together with the gas-phase energy, E) accompanying the paper title: </p> <p><strong>Stereoretention in styrene heterodimerisation promoted by one-electron oxidants</strong></p> <p>Where conformers occur, they are always named from the lowest Gibbs energy to the highest in ascending order from c1, c2, ...</p> <p>This folder has the following structure and they correspond to the raw data in the SI:</p> <p>/0_sm/ --> contains structures for the starting materials</p> <p>/P1/ --> structures for reaction pathway P1 (trans-anethole + trans-beta-methylstyrene)</p> <p>/P2/ --> structures for reaction pathway P2 (trans-anethole + cis-beta-methylstyrene)</p> <p>/rot_TSs/ --> structures for the rotational TS structures connecting pathways P1 and P2</p>
Invasion of freshwater ecosystems is promoted by network connectivity to hotspots of human activity
<p><b><span>Aim:</span></b> Hotspots of human activity are focal points for ecosystem disturbance and non-native introduction, from which invading populations disperse and spread. As such, connectivity to locations used by humans may influence the likelihood of invasion. Moreover, connectivity in freshwater ecosystems may follow the hydrological network. Here we tested whether multiple forms of connectivity to human recreational activities promotes biological invasion of freshwater ecosystems.</p> <p><b><span>Location:</span></b><span> England, UK.</span></p> <p><b><span>Time period:</span></b><span> 1990-2018.</span></p> <p><b><span>Major taxa studied:</span></b> 126 non-native freshwater birds, crustaceans, fish, molluscs and plants.</p> <p><b><span>Methods:</span></b> Machine learning was used to predict spatial gradients in human recreation and two high risk activities for invasion (fishing and water sports). Connectivity indices were developed for each activity, in which human influence decayed from activity hotspots according to Euclidean distance (spatial connectivity) or hydrological network distance (downstream, upstream and along-channel connectivity). Generalised linear mixed models identified the connectivity type most associated to invasive species richness of each group, while controlling for other anthropogenic and environmental drivers.</p> <p><b><span>Results:</span></b> Connectivity to humans generally had stronger positive effects on invasion than all other drivers except recording effort. Recreation had stronger influence than urban land cover, and for most groups high risk activities had stronger effects than general recreation. Downstream human connectivity was most important for invasion by most of the groups, potentially reflecting predominantly hydrological dispersal. An exception was birds, for which spatial connectivity was most important, possibly because of overland dispersal capacity.</p> <p><b><span>Main conclusions:</span></b> These findings support the hypothesis that freshwater invasion is partly determined by an interaction between human activity and species dispersal in the hydrological network. By comparing alternative connectivity types for different human activities, our approach could enable robust inference of specific pathways and spread mechanisms associated with particular taxa. This would provide evidence to support better prioritisation of surveillance and management for invasive non-native species.</p>
Data from: Cooperation can promote rescue or lead to evolutionary suicide during environmental change
<p>The adaptation of populations to changing conditions may be affected by interactions between individuals. For example, when cooperative interactions increase fecundity, they may allow populations to maintain high densities and thus keep track of moving environmental optima. Simultaneously, changes in population density alter the marginal benefits of cooperative investments, creating a feedback loop between population dynamics and the evolution of cooperation. Here we model how the evolution of cooperation interacts with adaptation to changing environments. We hypothesize that environmental change lowers population size and thus promotes the evolution of cooperation, and that this, in turn, helps the population keep up with the moving optimum. However, we find that the evolution of cooperation can have qualitatively different effects, depending on which fitness component is reduced by the costs of cooperation. If the costs decrease fecundity, cooperation indeed speeds adaptation by increasing population density; if, in contrast, the costs decrease viability, cooperation may instead slow adaptation by lowering the effective population size, leading to evolutionary suicide. Thus, cooperation can either promote or—counter-intuitively—hinder adaptation to a changing environment. Finally, we show that our model can also be generalized to other social interactions by discussing the evolution of competition during environmental change.</p>
Data from: Coral tentacle elasticity promotes an out-of-phase motion that improves mass transfer
Corals rely almost exclusively on the ambient flow of water to support their respiration, photosynthesis, heat exchange, and reproduction. Coral tentacles extend to the flow, interact with it, and oscillate under the influence of waves. Such oscillating motions of flexible appendages are considered adaptive for reducing the drag force on flexible animals in wave-swept environments, but their significance under slower flows is unclear. Using in-situ and laboratory measurements of the motion of coral tentacles under wave-induced flow, we investigated the dynamics of the tentacle motion and its impact on mass transfer. We found that tentacle velocity preceded the water velocity by ~1/4 of a period. This out-of-phase behavior enhanced mass transfer at the tentacle tip by up to 25% as compared with an in-phase motion where drag is minimal. The enhancement was most pronounced under flows slower than 3.2 cm s^-1, which are prevalent in many coral-reef environments. We found that the out-of-phase motion results from the tentacles' elasticity, which can presumably be modified by the animal. Our results suggest that the mechanical properties of coral tentacles, and, may represent an adaptive advantage that improves mass transfer under the limiting conditions of slow ambient flows. Because the mechanism we describe operates by enhancing convective processes, it is expected to enhance other fitness-determining transport phenomena such as heat-exchange and particle capture.
Data from: Findings from an exploration of a social network intervention to promote diet quality and health behaviours in older adults with COPD: a feasibility study
<p><span><b>Background: </b>Diet quality in older people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with better health and lung function. Social factors, such as social support, social networks and participation in activities, have been linked with diet quality in older age. A social network tool – GENIE (Generating Engagement in Network Involvement) – was implemented in a COPD community care context. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of the GENIE intervention to promote diet quality and other health behaviours in COPD. </span></p> <p><span><b>Methods:</b> Twenty-two community-dwelling older adults with COPD were recruited from a local COPD Service. Participants were offered usual care or the GENIE intervention. Process evaluation methods were used to assess intervention implementation, context and mechanisms of impact; <a name="_Hlk11247522">these included observations of patient interactions with the intervention, documented in observational field notes and in films of a patient group discussion.</a> Diet quality was assessed by food frequency questionnaire; 'prudent' diet scores were used to describe diet quality at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. Change in diet quality was expressed per month, from baseline to follow-up.</span></p> <p><b>Results: </b>Feasibility data showed that the GENIE intervention could be implemented in this sample of community-living older people. The intervention was acceptable to clinicians and older people with COPD, especially for those with less severe disease, when facilitated appropriately and considering the levels of literacy of participants. There was no significant change in diet quality in the intervention group over the follow-up period (median change in prudent diet score per month, (interquartile range (IQR)): 0.03, (-0.24 – 0.07)); whereas an overall fall in diet quality was observed in the control group (-0.15, (-0.24 – 0.03)).</p> <p><span><b>Conclusion: </b>The process evaluation findings suggest that this intervention is feasible and acceptable to both patients and clinicians. Although the sample size achieved in this study was small, findings suggest that the intervention may have a protective effect against declines in diet quality, and other health behaviours, in an older COPD population. Findings from this feasibility study indicate that further evaluation of the GENIE intervention is warranted in a larger study, with a longer follow-up.</span></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Plasmid Design for Tunable Two‐Enzyme Co‐Expression Promotes Whole‐Cell Production of Cellobiose
<p>We provide underlying data for the publication "Plasmid design for tunable two-enzyme co-expression promotes whole-cell production of cellobiose". Please find the abstract below.</p> <p>Catalyst development for biochemical cascade reactions often follows a “whole cell approach” in which a single microbial cell is made to express all of the required enzyme activities. Although attractive in principle, the approach can encounter limitations when efficient overall flux from substrate to product necessitates precise balancing between the individual activities. Here, we show effective integration of major design strategies from synthetic biology to a coherent development of plasmid vectors enabling tunable two‐enzyme co‐expression in <em>E. coli </em>, for the purpose of whole‐cell production of cellobiose. Flux efficiency in the transformation of sucrose and glucose into cellobiose by a parallel (countercurrent) cascade of disaccharide phosphorylases requires the enzyme co‐expression cope with large differences in the specific activity of cellobiose phosphorylase (14 U mg<sup>−1</sup>) and sucrose phosphorylase (122 U mg<sup>−1</sup>). Comparing mono‐ and bicistronic co‐expression strategies, we analyze genetic elements controlling transcription, transcription‐translation coupling or plasmid replication for effect on activity, and also stable producibility, of the whole cell catalyst. We discover a key role of the <em>bom </em>(basis of mobility) site for plasmid stability dependent on the origin of replication and demonstrate the importance of RBS (ribosome binding site) strength for balanced bicistronic co‐expression. Whole cell catalysts show high specific rates (460 μmol cellobiose min<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> dry cells) and performance metrics (30 g L<sup>−1</sup>; ∼82% yield; 3.8 g L<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> overall productivity) promising for cellobiose production.</p>
FIGURE 1. A in Relict Humid Tropical Forest In Mexico Promotes Differentiation In Barred Woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 1. A) Phylogenetic reconstruction (in BEAST) of the relationships among Dendrocolaptes haplotypes based on sequences of the mtDNA concatenated ND2 and CytB. Clades with high a posteriori support (>0.9, BI) are depicted at each node. A divergence time scale in years is included. B) Allele networks for three nDNA loci.
FIGURE 3. A in Relict Humid Tropical Forest In Mexico Promotes Differentiation In Barred Woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 3. A) Map of the occurrence records of D. s. sheffleri and the other taxa of D. sanctithomae. The inset details the boundary between both taxa and depicts the random points generated for the Range-breaking (Ribbon) test. B) Geographic projection of the environmental niche model developed with primary occurrence data of D. s. sheffleri. C) Geographic projection of the environmental niche model developed with primary occurrence data of the remaining populations of D. sanctithomae.
FIGURE 2 in Relict Humid Tropical Forest In Mexico Promotes Differentiation In Barred Woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 2. Overall ventral (above), dorsal (middle), and lateral (below) plumage coloration patterns in specimens of Dendrocolaptes from Mexico (MZFC). From left to right: D. s. sheffleri (Guerrero MZFC 19494, 19495); D. s. sanctithomae (Oaxaca [Chimalapas] MZFC 11806; Veracruz [Los Tuxtlas] MZFC 7817; Campeche [Silvituc] MZFC 13702; Quintana Roo [Puerto Morelos] MZFC 13486; and Chiapas [Ocozocuautla] MZFC 11409). Photos by Leopoldo Vázquez.
Data from: Presence of same-sex kin promotes explorative behavior in subadult cichlid fish
<p>While the importance of kin discrimination, i.e. kin recognition and subsequent differential treatment of kin and non-kin, is well established for kin-directed cooperation or altruism, the role of kin discrimination in the context of kin competition and kin avoidance is largely unexplored. Theory predicts that individuals avoiding competition with kin should be favored by natural selection due to indirect fitness benefits. Using an experimental approach, we investigated whether the presence of same-sex kin affects avoidance and explorative behavior in subadult <i>Pelvicachromis taeniatus</i>, a West African cichlid fish with strong intra-sexual competition in both sexes. <i>P. taeniatus</i> is capable of recognizing kin using phenotype matching and shows kin discrimination in diverse contexts. When exposed to a same-sex conspecific, both males and females tended to interact less with the related opponent. Moreover, individuals explored a novel environment faster after exposure to kin than to nonkin. This effect was more pronounced in females. Individuals avoiding the proximity of same-sex relatives may reduce kin competition over resources such as mating partners or food.</p>
Cellular bicarbonate accumulation and vesicular proton transport promote calcification in the sea urchin larva
The sea urchin embryo develops a calcitic endoskeleton through intracellular formation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). Intracellular precipitation of ACC, requires HCO3-/CO32- concentrating as well as proton export mechanisms to promote calcification. These processes are of fundamental importance in biological mineralization, but remain largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate that the calcifying primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) utilize Na+/H+- exchange (NHE) mechanisms to control cellular pH homeostasis during maintenance of the skeleton. During skeleton re-calcification, pHi of PMCs is increased accompanied by substantial elevations in intracellular [HCO3-] mediated by the Na+/HCO3-cotransporter Sp-Slc4a10. However, PMCs lower their pHi regulatory capacities associated with a reduction in NHE activity. Live-cell imaging using GFP reporter constructs in combination with intra-vesicular pH measurements demonstrated alkaline and acidic populations of vesicles in PMCs and extensive trafficking of large V-type H+-ATPase (VHA)-rich acidic vesicles in blastocoelar filopodial cells (BFCs). Pharmacological and gene expression analyses underline a central role of the VHA isoforms Sp-ATP6V0a1, Sp-ATP6V01_1 and Sp-ATPa1-4 for the process of skeleton re-calcification. These results highlight novel pH regulatory strategies in calcifying cells of a marine species with important implications for our understanding of the mineralization process in times of rapid changes in oceanic pH.
High temperature induces transcriptomic changes in Crassostrea gigas that hinder progress of ostreid herpes virus (OsHV-1) and promote survival
<p>Of all environmental factors, seawater temperature plays a decisive role in triggering marine diseases. Like fever in vertebrates, high seawater temperature could modulate the host response to pathogens in ectothermic animals. In France, massive mortality of Pacific oysters, <em>Crassostrea gigas</em>, caused by the ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is markedly reduced when temperatures exceed 24°C in the field. In the present study we assess how high temperature influences the host response to the pathogen by comparing transcriptomes (RNA sequencing) during the course of experimental infection at 21°C (reference) and 29°C. We show that high temperature induced host physiological processes that are unfavorable to the viral infection. Temperature influenced the expression of transcripts related to the immune process and increased the transcription of genes related to the apoptotic process, synaptic signaling and protein processes at 29°C. Concomitantly, the expression of genes associated with catabolism, metabolite transport, macromolecule synthesis and cell growth remained low from the first stage of infection at 29°C. Moreover, viral entry into the host might have been limited at 29°C by changes in extracellular matrix composition and protein abundance. Overall, these results provide new insights into how environmental factors modulate host–pathogen interactions.</p>
Data from: Genetic structure in Orkney island mice: isolation promotes morphological diversification
<p>Following human occupation, the house mouse has colonized numerous islands, exposing the species to a wide variety of environments. Such a colonization process, involving successive founder events and bottlenecks, may either promote random evolution or facilitate adaptation, making the relative importance of adaptive and stochastic processes in insular evolution difficult to assess.</p> <p>Here, we jointly analyse genetic and morphometric variation in the house mice (<i>Mus musculus domesticus</i>) from the Orkney archipelago. Genetic analyses, based on mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites, revealed considerable genetic structure within the archipelago, suggestive of a high degree of isolation and long-lasting stability of the insular populations. Morphometric analyses, based on a quantification of the shape of the first upper molar, revealed considerable differentiation compared to Western European populations, and significant geographic structure in Orkney, largely congruent with the pattern of genetic divergence. Morphological diversification in Orkney followed a Brownian motion model of evolution, suggesting a primary role for random drift over adaptation to local environments. Substantial structuring of human populations in Orkney has recently been demonstrated, mirroring the situation found here in house mice. This synanthropic species may thus constitute a bio-proxy of human structure and practices even at a very local scale.</p>
Short-chain cello-oligosaccharides: Intensification and scale-up of their enzymatic production and selective growth promotion among probiotic bacteria
<p>We provide here the underlying data of the scientific publication "Short-chain cello-oligosaccharides: Intensification and scale-up of their enzymatic production and selective growth promotion among probiotic bacteria". Please find the abstract below:</p> <p>Short-chain cello-oligosaccharides (COS; degree of polymerization, DP≤6) are promising water-soluble dietary fibers. An efficient approach to their bottom-up synthesis is from sucrose and glucose using glycoside phosphorylases. Here, we show intensification and scale up (20 mL; gram scale) of COS production to 93 g/L product and in 82 mol % yield from sucrose (0.5 M). The COS were comprised of DP 3 (33 wt %), DP 4 (34 wt %), DP 5 (24 wt %) and DP 6 (9 wt %) and involved minimum loss (≤10 mol %) to insoluble fractions. After isolation (≥95% purity; ≥90% yield), the COS were examined for growth promotion of probiotic strains. Benchmarked against inulin, trans-galacto-oligosaccharides and cellobiose, COS showed up to 4.1-fold stimulation of cell density for <em>Clostridium butyricum</em>, <em>Lactococcus lactis</em> subsp.<em>lactis</em>, <em>Lactobacillus paracasei</em> subsp. <em>paracasei</em> and <em>Lb. rhamnosus</em> but were less efficient with <em>Bifidobacterium</em> sp. This study shows the COS as selectively functional carbohydrates with prebiotic potential and demonstrates their efficient enzymatic production.</p>
Data from: Species richness and redundancy promote persistence of exploited mutualisms in yeast
<p>Mutualisms, or reciprocally beneficial interspecific interactions, constitute the foundation of many ecological communities and agricultural systems. Mutualisms come in different forms, from pairwise interactions to extremely diverse communities, and they are continually challenged with exploitation by non-mutualistic community members (exploiters). Thus, understanding how mutualisms persist remains an essential question in ecology. Theory suggests that high species richness and functional redundancy could promote mutualism persistence in complex mutualistic communities. Using a yeast system (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>), we experimentally show that communities with the greatest mutualist richness and functional redundancy are nearly two times more likely to survive exploitation than are<b> </b>simple communities. Persistence increased because diverse communities were better able to mitigate the negative effects of competition with exploiters. Thus, large mutualistic networks may be inherently buffered from exploitation.</p>
Syk signaling network comparison reveals the potential molecular determinants of its tumor promoter and suppressor functions
<p>Extra data for the comparison of Syk signaling networks including colored KEGG pathways and Cytoscape sessions.</p>
DIGIT4CV: Project promotional video
<p>DIGIT4CV (R&D laboratory in digital enablers for Industry 4.0) is a project funded by the Valencian Institute for Business Competitiveness (IVACE) and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER).</p> <p>The main objective of the project is the creation of an R&D laboratory in digital enabling technologies for Industry 4.0 that allows to show industrial companies, through different demonstrators, the range of existing technologies and digital solutions and their potential for solving the main challenges of the Valencian industry, while generating a space for experimentation with the technologies developed during the ITI research work.</p> <p>This document shows a promotional video of the project.</p>
Decarboxylative Alkyl Coupling Promoted by NADH and Blue Light
<p>Supporting information raw data for the publication with the same title.</p> <p>NMR, HPLC and HRMS characterization data.</p>
Data from: Topological DNA-binding of SMC-like RecN promotes RecA-mediated DNA double-strand break repair
<p>Bacterial RecN, closely related to the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family of proteins, functions in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination. However, the understanding of how RecN acts in concert with the RecA recombinase to promote DSB repair remains limited. Here, we demonstrated that the purified Escherichia coli RecN protein topologically loads onto both single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) that has a preference for ssDNA. RecN topologically bound to dsDNA slides off the end of linear dsDNA, but this is prevented by RecA nucleoprotein filaments on ssDNA, thereby allowing RecN to translocate to DSBs. Furthermore, we found that, once RecN is recruited onto ssDNA, it can topologically capture a second dsDNA substrate in an ATP-dependent manner, suggesting a role in synapsis. Indeed, RecN stimulates RecA-mediated D-loop formation and subsequent strand exchange activities. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the recruitment of RecN to DSBs and sister chromatid interactions by RecN, both of which function in RecA-mediated DSB repair.</p>
Ribosomal stalk proteins RPLP1 and RPLP2 promote biogenesis of flaviviral and cellular multi-pass transmembrane proteins
<p>The ribosomal stalk proteins, RPLP1 and RPLP2 (RPLP1/2), which form the ancient ribosomal stalk, were discovered decades ago but their functions remain mysterious. We had previously shown that RPLP1/2 are exquisitely required for replication of dengue virus (DENV) and other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Here, we show that RPLP1/2 function to relieve ribosome pausing within the DENV envelope coding sequence, leading to enhanced protein stability. We evaluated viral and cellular translation in RPLP1/2-depleted cells using ribosome profiling and found that ribosomes pause in the sequence coding for the N-terminus of the envelope protein, immediately downstream of sequences encoding two adjacent transmembrane domains (TMDs). We also find that RPLP1/2 depletion impacts a ribosome density for a small subset of cellular mRNAs. Importantly, the polarity of ribosomes on mRNAs encoding multiple TMDs was disproportionately affected by RPLP1/2 knockdown, implying a role for RPLP1/2 in multipass transmembrane protein biogenesis. These analyses of viral and host RNAs converge to implicate RPLP1/2 as functionally important for ribosomes to elongate through ORFs encoding multiple TMDs. We suggest that the effect of RPLP1/2 at TMD associated pauses is mediated by improving the efficiency of co-translational folding and subsequent protein stability.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.