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3,136 results for “Terrestrialization”
History of the terrestrial isopod genus Ligidium in Japan based on phylogeographic analysis
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Del 13C ratios were measured for mosses collected from terrestrial, emergent and submerged sites in pond 13 of Imnavait Creek, North Slope Alaska 1990.
Del 13C ratios were measured for mosses collected from terrestrial, emergent and submerged sites in pond 13 of Imnavait Creek. Terrestrial mosses were collected from dry sites near the pond margin, emergent mosses were collected from the littoral zone of the pond and submerged mosses were collected from deep in the pond.
Microclimate Measurements from the Terrestrial Gradient Plots, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina
The terrestrial gradient study at Coweeta compares vegetation, soils, and understory microclimate of five sites: 118 low elevation (782 m) pine-oak, 218 low elevation (795 m) cove hardwood, 318 low elevation (865 m) mixed oak, 427 high elevation (1001 m) mixed oak, 527 high elevation (1347 m) northern hardwood. Understory microclimate stations were installed in representative locations at the downslope margin of each 20 x 40 m gradient plot (within the 80 x 80 m plot).
Terrestrial gradient soil moisture measurements
This is part of a multi-disciplinary study to assess primary productivity on the terrestrial gradient plots, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC. Soil moisture via Time Domain Reflectometry, TDR, was sampled at approximately 1 month intervals using the Tektronix 1502B cable tester.
Tree census, demography, and exposed canopy area data at the Coweeta LTER Terrestrial Gradient Sites, Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory, Otto, NC from 1993 to 2016
The five Terrestrial Gradient sites were established in the early 1990s as part of the 1990 Coweeta LTER Renewal. The original terrestrial gradient sites were 20 x 40-m. In the late 1990s the plots were expanded to 80 x 80-m and later (around 1998) they were slope-corrected by Clark's lab using survey equipment. Much of the Coweeta LTER “core” datasets have been collected from the gradient plots. This study is one of the long-term studies that are ongoing with defined sampling intervals. The tree demography and census study consists of trees census every two years and seeds collected ~5 x each year.
Forest floor Carbon & Nitrogen pools at the Coweeta LTER Terrestrial Gradient Sites, Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory, Otto, NC.
This project is part of a larger examination of site productivity along an elevational gradient. Forest floor weights, %C, and %N were measured at each of the five terrestrial gradient plots located along an elevational gradient at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, Otto, NC.
Measurements of Soil Nitrogen Transformations at the Coweeta Terrestrial Gradient Sites
This project is part of a larger examination of site productivity along an elevational gradient. Soil nitrification and mineralization were measured at each of the five terrestrial gradient plots located along an elevational gradient at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, Otto, NC.
Terrestrial-Marine Watershed Boundaries on the Delmarva Peninsula of Virginia 2001
This coverage contains the watershed boundaries for the coastal/marine watersheds on the eastern side of the Delmarva Peninsula in Virginia. Watersheds were delineated by Bruce P. Hayden from information (contours, elevations) on USGS 1:24,000 Quad Maps (1975). John H. Porter digitized those boundaries and closed the polygons by digitizing the 5-foot contour. VERSION 2 (2013-08-27): David L. Richardson added names for all the numbered watersheds, reprojected data to NAD83 datum, and fixed alignment issues that had crept in for northernmost watersheds (north of and including Bundick Creek).Â
Effects of anthropogenic activity on global terrestrial gross primary production (LAI and FAPAR)
<p>This data set contains the 100-member ensembles of monthly leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) estimated using GIMMS3g LAI and FAPAR and d4PDF air temperature by the method described in Sasai et al. (2016) for historical and non-warming climates in 1951-2010/2011. Data is 0.5625-degree (640×320) 4-byte binary (.raw). Undefined value is -9999.</p> <p>For more details, please check the ReadmeVeg.pdf</p> <p>If you questions, please contact Irina Melnikova (irina.melnikova.russia@gmail.com)</p>
Summarizing the state of the terrestrial biosphere in few dimensions
<p>This repository contains the data and a docker container to reproduce the analysis in</p> <p>Kraemer, G., Camps-Valls, G., Reichstein, M., & Mahecha, M. D. (2020). Summarizing the state of the terrestrial biosphere in few dimensions. <em>Biogeosciences</em>, <em>17</em>(9), 2397–2424. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2397-2020">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2397-2020</a></p> <p>If you use this data and/or code, please cite the paper.</p> <p>This dataset is a subset of the DataCube v1.0.0 (https://www.earthsystemdatacube.net) plus a the FAPAR_tip dataset from DataCube v1.0.2</p> <p>The code to reproduce the analysis can also be found in http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3733783 and https://github.com/gdkrmr/summarizing_the_state_of_the_biosphere</p> <p>To run the docker container, import the container, extract the data, run the command below, and open your web browser to access the jupyter server. Modify the command below as necessary, for details please consult the documentation for docker and jupyter:</p> <p>PORT=8333<br> IP=0.0.0.0<br> docker run -it \<br> -v /path/to/data/low-res/:/home/science/summarizing_biosphere/data \<br> -v /path/to/results_and_temporary_files/:/home/science/summarizing_biosphere/results \<br> -p $PORT:$PORT \<br> summarizing_biosphere \<br> /home/science/.julia/conda/3/bin/jupyter \<br> notebook \<br> --port=$PORT \<br> --ip=$IP \<br> --no-browser</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Figure 2 in Mapping the terrestrial reptile distributions in Oman and the United Arab Emirates
Figure 2. The Persian Wonder Gecko Teratoscincus keyserlingii photographed near Jebel Ali, Dubai.
Data from: Longevity, body dimension and reproductive mode drive differences in aquatic versus terrestrial life history strategies
<p>1. Aquatic and terrestrial environments display stark differences in key environmental factors and phylogenetic composition but their consequences for the evolution of species' life history strategies remain poorly understood.</p> <p>2. Here, we examine whether and how life history strategies vary between terrestrial and aquatic species. We use demographic information for 685 terrestrial and 122 aquatic animal and plant species to estimate key life history traits. We then use phylogenetically corrected least squares regression to explore potential differences in trade-offs between life history traits between both environments. We contrast life history strategies of aquatic vs. terrestrial species in a principal component analysis while accounting for body dimensions and phylogenetic relationships.</p> <p>3. Our results show that the same trade-offs structure terrestrial and aquatic life histories, resulting in two dominant axes of variation that describe species' pace-of-life and reproductive strategies. Terrestrial plants display a large diversity of strategies, including the longest-lived species in this study. Aquatic animals exhibit higher reproductive frequency than terrestrial animals. When correcting for body size, mobile and sessile terrestrial organisms show slower paces of life than aquatic ones.</p> <p>4. Aquatic and terrestrial species are ruled by the same life history trade-offs, but have evolved different strategies, likely due to distinct environmental selective pressures. Such contrasting life history strategies have important consequences for the conservation and management of aquatic and terrestrial species.</p>
A K-means Clustering Analysis of the Jovian and Terrestrial Magnetopauses
<p>Jovian magnetopause crossings used in the referenced paper and a README file</p>
Data from: Transoceanic dispersal of terrestrial species by debris rafting
Rare, long-distance dispersal events are a key process in generating and maintaining patterns in biological diversity and species distributions across space and time. The 9.0 magnitude earthquake that struck the eastern coast of Japan in 2011, and the subsequent 38 m high tsunami washed large amounts of shoreline debris into the Pacific Ocean that led to a large-scale biological rafting event carrying nearly 300 marine species to the western shores of North America. Whether oceanic, trans-Pacific dispersal via rafting generates long distance dispersal events for small, flightless, terrestrial species is unknown. By sampling beach debris associated with known hot-spots of tsunami debris along the north and east shores of Graham Island, Haida Gwaii, Canada, I document significantly dissimilar invertebrate communities associated with tide-line beach debris and the occurrence of several putative Japanese species of soil-dwelling mites (Acari: Oribatida). Previous explanations of Haida Gwaii's unique flora and fauna have been attributed to a proximity to the Beringian land bridge and the accumulated evidence of near-offshore glacial refugia during the last glacial period. However, my research also suggests that stochastic, trans-Pacific rafting events contribute to the biodiversity and biogeography of soil communities on the west coast of North America.
Terrestrial mammals from America with dengue incidence
<p>This dataset contains dengue virus incidence in mammals from published papers.</p> <p>It has 17 fields:</p> <ol> <li>Reference</li> <li>Sampling year</li> <li>Country</li> <li>Diagnostic test</li> <li>Diagnostic test type</li> <li>Subclade</li> <li>Virus</li> <li>Order</li> <li>Family</li> <li>Mammal species</li> <li>Individual tested</li> <li>Incidence</li> <li>Prevalence</li> <li>Susceptibility</li> <li>Location</li> <li>latitude</li> <li>longitude</li> </ol>
Data from: Biological controls over the abundances of terrestrial ammonia oxidizers
<blockquote> <p>Aim: Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) are the primary agents for nitrification, converting ammonia (NH4+) into nitrate (NO3-) and modulating plant nitrogen (N) utilization and terrestrial N retention. However, there is still lack of a unifying framework describing the patterns of global AOA and AOB distribution. In particular, biotic interactions are rarely integrated into any of the conceptual models.<br> Location: World-wide.<br> Time period: 2005-2016.<br> Major taxa studied: Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. <br> Methods: A meta-analysis and synthesis was conducted to obtain a general picture of global AOA and AOB distribution and identify the primary driving factors. A microcosm experiment was then conducted to assess effects of relative carbon to nitrogen availability for heterotrophic microbes on AOA and AOB in two distinct soils. A mesocosm experiment was further carried out to characterize the effects of plant roots and their arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on AOA and AOB abundances using hyphae- or root-ingrowth techniques. <br> Results: Our meta-analysis showed that soil carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios explained the most variance in AOA and AOB abundances, although soil pH had a significant effect. Experimental results demonstrated that high cellulose and mineral N inputs increased total microbial biomass and microbial activities, but inhibited AOA and AOB, suggesting microbial inhibition of AOA and AOB. Also, AMF and roots suppressed AOA and AOB, respectively. <br> Main conclusions: Our study provided convincing evidence illustrating that relative carbon to nitrogen availability can dominate the abundances of AOA and AOB. Our experimental results further validated that biotic competitions among plants, heterotrophic microbes and ammonia oxidizers for substrate N predominantly control AOA and AOB abundances. Together, these findings provide new insights into the role of abiotic and biotic factors in modulating terrestrial AOA and AOB abundances and their potential applications for management of nitrification in an increasing reactive N world.</p> </blockquote>
Data from: A new Devonian euthycarcinoid evidences the use of different respiratory strategies during the marine-to-terrestrial transition in the myriapod lineage
<p><span>Myriapods were, together with arachnids, the earliest animals to occupy terrestrial ecosystems, by at least the Silurian. The origin of myriapods and their land colonization have long remained puzzling until euthycarcinoids, an extinct group of aquatic arthropods considered amphibious, were shown to be stem group myriapods, extending the lineage to the Cambrian and evidencing a marine-to-terrestrial transition. Although possible respiratory structures comparable to the air-breathing tracheal system of myriapods are visible in several euthycarcinoids, little is known about the mechanism by which they respired. Here we describe a new euthycarcinoid from Upper Devonian alluvio-lagoonal deposits of Belgium. Synchrotron-based elemental x-ray analyses were used to extract all available information from the only known specimen. Sulfur x-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping and spectroscopy unveil sulphate evaporation stains, spread over the entire slab, suggestive of a very shallow-water to terrestrial environment prior to burial consistent with an amphibious lifestyle. Trace metal XRF mapping reveals a pair of ventral spherical cavities or chambers on the second post-abdominal segment that do not compare to any known feature in aquatic arthropods, but might well play a part in air-breathing. Our data provide additional support for amphibious lifestyle in euthycarcinoids and show that different respiratory strategies were used during the marine-to-terrestrial transition in the myriapod lineage.</span></p>
Middle Eocene terrestrial paleoweathering and climate evolution in the midlatitude Bohai Bay Basin of Eastern China
<p>The middle Eocene is a key time period for understanding Cenozoic cooling of the global climate. In eastern Asia, this time period was marked by deposition of extensive mudstones, shales and interbedded siltstones, especially in the midlatitude Bohai Bay Basin. Still, midlatitude terrestrial records of climate evolution during the middle Eocene are rare. Here, we analyze a continuous, high-resolution record of this period using samples of the shales in the fourth submember of the third member from the mid-Eocene Shahejie Formation (MES shales) in the Bohai Bay Basin using major-element and wavelet analysis. We use this information to derive insights into terrestrial paleoweathering and paleoclimatic evolution during the mid-Eocene in this midlatitude region. As a result of element mobility during continental weathering, the MES shales are more enriched in Ca and depleted in Na compared to average upper continental crust (UCC). The MES shales experienced moderate paleoweathering with limited K-metasomatism under a subtropical monsoon paleoclimate with mean annual temperature (MAT) of 8.3-12.9 °C and mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 685-1100 <span>mm</span>/<span>yr</span>. The MES shales record a mixed provenance involving intermediate igneous rocks, and low compositional maturity. The nutrient-rich environment led to enrichment in organic matter in the MES shales. We divide the depositional process of the MES shales into two stages that represent distinct climates. In stage I, the paleolake was high in nutrients, and the MES shales experienced high chemical weathering due to a relatively warmer and more humid climate. In contrast, the climate in stage II was relatively cold and dry, and the maturity of the MES shales was relatively high during this stage, suggesting a relatively stable tectonic background.</p>
Data-based evaluation of paleoclimate records from the terrestrial Indian region: opportunities and gaps
<p>We explored the accessibility to paleoclimate records from the terrestrial Indian region for a PAGES article. The table gives information on the location, archive, entity, proxy and repository/database where the record is hosted. </p>
Figure data for the paper: "Spectral Observations of Optical Emissions Associated with Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes"
<p>This repository contains 13 files with data which were used to produce the figures in the paper "Spectral Observations of Optical Emissions Associated with Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes" by Heumesser et al. The description of the different files is included in the supporting information of the paper and additionally uploaded here, see "2020GL090700_OpticalEmissionsAssociatedwithTGFs_SupportingInformation".</p>
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OpenNeuro
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