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opennotspecifiedDec 2012View details →

FIGURE 3 in Discovery of the second European Amalopis species: an integrative survey of the widespread Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta (Meigen, 1830) (Insecta, Diptera, Pediciidae)

FIGURE 3. Head of P. f u s c a, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B) and P. occulta, dorsal (C) and ventral view (D).

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Data from: Repeated alpine flight loss within the widespread New Zealand stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens

Flight loss is a common feature of upland insect assemblages, with recent studies detecting parallel wing reduction events across independent alpine lineages. However, the geographic scale over which such repeated evolution can operate remains unclear. In this study, we use genotyping-by-sequencing to assess the genomic relationships among vestigial-winged and full-winged populations of the widespread New Zealand stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens, to test for repeated wing loss events over small spatial scales. Biogeographic analyses indicate that alpine wing loss in this widespread species is restricted to a single, narrow mountain range. Intriguingly, our coalescent analyses indicate that upland vestigial-winged N. fulvescens populations are not sister to one another, suggesting wings have been lost independently in disjunct populations of this species, over a <30 km scale. Our results suggest that selection against flight above the alpine treeline can drive rapid and repeated adaptation even across narrow spatial scales. We propose that such repetitive processes may represent a far more pervasive feature of alpine insect adaptation than is currently recognised.

Fig. 4 in Repeated Alpine Flight Loss Within the Widespread New Zealand Stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens Hare (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)

Fig. 4. (A) STRUCTURE plots (K = 2 and K = 3) of Nesoperla fulvescens from three sites across the Tararua Range, based on 39,642 SNP markers. Each vertical bar represents an individual, with color indicating the inferred genomic cluster.The anomalous full-winged individuals from Field and Dundas are indicated with stars (B) The estimated proportion of migrants (+95% HPD intervals) to and from each N. fulvescens population on theTararua Range, derived from BA3-SNPs.

Fig. 3 in Repeated Alpine Flight Loss Within the Widespread New Zealand Stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens Hare (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)

Fig. 3. COI haplotype network of Nesoperla fulvescens from five locations. Each circle represents a haplotype, and circles are scaled by size according to the number of sequenced individuals per haplotype. Haplotypes are colored by locality (see key). Uninterrupted lines in the network represent single step mutations. Small open circles indicate hypothetical intermediate (unsampled) haplotypes.

Fig. 2 in Repeated Alpine Flight Loss Within the Widespread New Zealand Stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens Hare (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)

Fig. 2. (A) Map of Nesoperla fulvescens sampling sites from in southern North Island, New Zealand. (B) Principal component analyses, based on 39,642 SNP markers, demonstrating the genomic divergence among different N. fulvescens populations. Individuals are colored by geographic location (from A). Vestigialwinged ecotypes are marked with an asterisk.

Fig. 1 in Repeated Alpine Flight Loss Within the Widespread New Zealand Stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens Hare (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)

Fig. 1. (A) An alpine grassland tributary of the Hector River (elevation 1350 m above sea-level) on Mt Field,Tararua Range (North Island, New Zealand), where vestigial-winged Nesoperla fulvescens were collected; (B) A vestigial-winged N. fulvescens male from Mt Field; (C) National collection records of N. fulvescens, illustrating the narrow distribution of vestigial-winged ecotypes (Tararua Range).

Fig. 5 in Repeated Alpine Flight Loss Within the Widespread New Zealand Stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens Hare (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)

Fig. 5. Coalescent analyses support parallel flight loss events in Nesoperla fulvescens across different portions of theTararua Range. Competing demographic scenarios (A–C) were assessed with DIYABC-RF, with the level of support noted under each scenario (time is not to scale). Stars indicate inferred wing-reduction events, assuming a winged ancestor. Divergence estimates for the scenario with the highest support (outlined) were calculated with DIYABC-RF.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Data from: Widespread habitat for Europe's largest herbivores, but poor connectivity limits recolonization

Here, we make available the following data related to the manuscript "Widespread habitat for Europe's largest herbivores, but poor connectivity limits recolonization". 1. The input data used to generate the Species distribution models for European bison and moose, as .csv-files. 2. The species location records used in the analyses, at a coarsened resolution (50 km). 3. All output maps of habitat suitability, potential habitats, and connectivity, as .tif-files.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Leonhardt F, Arranz Aveces C, Müller A, Angin B, Jegu M, Haynes P, Ernst R (2022) Low genetic diversity in a widespread whistling alien: A comparison of Eleutherodactylus johnstonei Barbour, 1914 (Eleutherodactylidae) and congeners in native and introduced ranges. NeoBiota 79: 31-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.79.86778

Detailed information on all populations of the three congeneric taxa used in the molecular data sets of this study

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Data from: Microclimate-based species distribution models in complex terrain indicate widespread cryptic refugia under climate change

Aim: Species' climatic niches may be poorly predicted by regional climate estimates used in species distribution models (SDMs) due to microclimatic buffering of local conditions. Here, we compare SDMs generated using a locally validated below-canopy microclimate model to those based on interpolated weather station data at two spatial scales to determine the effects of scale, topography, and forest cover on potential future ground-level warming and species distributions. Location: Great Smoky Mountains National Park (2090 km2; NC, TN, USA) Time period: 1970 – 2006 Major taxa: Vascular plant species of the Southern Appalachians Methods: We compared the fit and predictions of SDMs generated using a database of plant occurrences and three climate models: macroclimate (1 km, WorldClim), fine-scale (30 m) interpolation of macroclimate with elevation, and fine-scale below-canopy microclimate from a ground-level sensor network. Results: We found that, although SDM fit was similar across models, microclimate-derived SDMs predicted substantially greater species persistence with 4 °C of regional warming, with a difference of 50% of the species pool in some areas. Microclimate SDMs predicted higher stability of mid-elevation species, particularly in thermally buffered areas near streams, and critically, less change in species composition at high elevation. In contrast, predictions of macroclimate and interpolation models were similar despite improved resolution. Main conclusions: Our results demonstrate that careful selection of climate drivers, including local near-ground validation rather than interpolation, is critical for projecting distributions. They also suggest that some species at risk from climate change might persist, even with 4 °C of macroclimate warming, in cryptic refugia buffered by microclimate, pointing to the roles of forest cover and topography in explaining slower-than-expected changes in understory communities. However, certain species, such as those currently occurring on low-elevation ridges that are sensitive to atmospheric changes, may be at more risk than macroclimate or interpolated SDMs suggest.

Larval development and poor food availability: Local adaptations and plasticity in a widespread amphibian species

Data of fire salamander larvae reared under rich and poor food conditions. Data include also length, growth rate and number of prey attacked by the same larvae for 30 days after metamorphosis. In this study, we considered two extrinsic factors such as food availability and altitude and we examined their effects on larval growth, timing of metamorphosis and survival in fire salamander larvae. We also investigated whether larval diet has repercussions on growth rate of juvenile salamanders in the month following metamorphosis. Our experimental study was conducted on 150 newborn fire salamander larvae from 15 epigean sites at different altitudes (ranging between 250 and 1491 m a.s.l.). The larvae of each site were divided into two treatment groups: "poor" and "rich" food conditions.

Supplementary material 5 from: Reshetnikov AN, Zibrova MG, Ayaz D, Bhattarai S, Borodin OV, Borzée A, Brejcha J, Çiçek K, Dimaki M, Doronin IV, Drobenkov SM, Gichikhanova UA, Gladkova AY, Gordeev DA, Ioannidis Y, Ilyukh MP, Interesova EA, Jadhav TD, Karabanov DP, Khabibullin VF, Khabilov TK, Khan MMH, Kidov AA, Klimov AS, Kochetkov DN, Kolbintsev VG, Kuzmin SL, Lotiev KY, Louppova NE, Lvov VD, Lyapkov SM, Martynenko IM, Maslova IV, Masroor R, Mazanaeva LF, Milko DA, Milto KD, Mozaffari O, Nguyen TQ, Novitsky RV, Petrovskiy AB, Prelovskiy VA, Serbin VV, Shi H-t, Skalon NV, Struijk RPJH, Taniguchi M, Tarkhnishvili D, Tsurkan VF, Tyutenkov OY, Ushakov MV, Vekhov DA, Xiao F, Yakimov AV, Yakovleva TI, Yang P, Zeleev DF, Petrosyan VG (2023) Rarely naturalized, but widespread and even invasive: the paradox of a popular pet terrapin expansion in Eurasia. NeoBiota 81: 91-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.90473

Correlation matrix for ecological and other parameters of the red-eared slider Trachemys scripta elegans in water bodies of Europe (a), West Asia (b) and East Asia (c)

Supplementary material 10 from: Reshetnikov AN, Zibrova MG, Ayaz D, Bhattarai S, Borodin OV, Borzée A, Brejcha J, Çiçek K, Dimaki M, Doronin IV, Drobenkov SM, Gichikhanova UA, Gladkova AY, Gordeev DA, Ioannidis Y, Ilyukh MP, Interesova EA, Jadhav TD, Karabanov DP, Khabibullin VF, Khabilov TK, Khan MMH, Kidov AA, Klimov AS, Kochetkov DN, Kolbintsev VG, Kuzmin SL, Lotiev KY, Louppova NE, Lvov VD, Lyapkov SM, Martynenko IM, Maslova IV, Masroor R, Mazanaeva LF, Milko DA, Milto KD, Mozaffari O, Nguyen TQ, Novitsky RV, Petrovskiy AB, Prelovskiy VA, Serbin VV, Shi H-t, Skalon NV, Struijk RPJH, Taniguchi M, Tarkhnishvili D, Tsurkan VF, Tyutenkov OY, Ushakov MV, Vekhov DA, Xiao F, Yakimov AV, Yakovleva TI, Yang P, Zeleev DF, Petrosyan VG (2023) Rarely naturalized, but widespread and even invasive: the paradox of a popular pet terrapin expansion in Eurasia. NeoBiota 81: 91-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.90473

Additional list of 52 persons who kindly provided their observations of red-eared sliders in open water bodies of Eurasia

Supplementary material 7 from: Reshetnikov AN, Zibrova MG, Ayaz D, Bhattarai S, Borodin OV, Borzée A, Brejcha J, Çiçek K, Dimaki M, Doronin IV, Drobenkov SM, Gichikhanova UA, Gladkova AY, Gordeev DA, Ioannidis Y, Ilyukh MP, Interesova EA, Jadhav TD, Karabanov DP, Khabibullin VF, Khabilov TK, Khan MMH, Kidov AA, Klimov AS, Kochetkov DN, Kolbintsev VG, Kuzmin SL, Lotiev KY, Louppova NE, Lvov VD, Lyapkov SM, Martynenko IM, Maslova IV, Masroor R, Mazanaeva LF, Milko DA, Milto KD, Mozaffari O, Nguyen TQ, Novitsky RV, Petrovskiy AB, Prelovskiy VA, Serbin VV, Shi H-t, Skalon NV, Struijk RPJH, Taniguchi M, Tarkhnishvili D, Tsurkan VF, Tyutenkov OY, Ushakov MV, Vekhov DA, Xiao F, Yakimov AV, Yakovleva TI, Yang P, Zeleev DF, Petrosyan VG (2023) Rarely naturalized, but widespread and even invasive: the paradox of a popular pet terrapin expansion in Eurasia. NeoBiota 81: 91-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.90473

Evaluation metrics for MaxEnt models made across a range of feature-class combinations and regularization multipliers

Figure 7 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy

Figure 7. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lateroventral region of the skull in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: mx, maxilla; palmx, palatine maxillary process; palptv, palatine pterygoid ventral process; pt, pterygoid.

Figure 5 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy

Figure 5. Three-dimensional cutaway views along the sagittal axis of the nasal cavity in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14689); B, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380). Insert show a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: pmx, premaxilla; smx, septomaxilla; vm, vomer; na, nasal.

Figure 6 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy

Figure 6. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lateral region of the skull in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops montanum sp. nov. (MZUSP 20065); C, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: mx, maxilla; mxpalf, palatine articulation fossa of the maxilla.

Figure 13 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy

Figure 13. Hemipenis of Amerotyphlops martis sp. nov. (MNRJ 18744), detail of the apical region on the sulcate (A) and asulcate views (B), sulcate (C) and asulcate sides (D). Scale bar equal to 1 mm.

Figure 3 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy

Figure 3. Results of partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). A, PLS-DA of the simulated dataset based on seven discrete (pholidosis) and 14 rates characters for five OTUs (Group 1). B, PLS-DA of the simulated dataset based on seven discrete (pholidosis) and 14 rates characters for four OTUs (Group 2). C, LDA of the simulated dataset based on 15 continuous (linear morphometrics) characters for five OTUs (Group 1). D, LDA of the simulated dataset based on 15 continuous (linear morphometrics) characters for four OTUs (Group 2). Species are colour-coded according to OTUs (see Key-colour OTUs, on the bottom).

Figure 2 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy

Figure 2. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) using the raw dataset based on 36 characters for nine OTUs. A, PCA of females. B, PCA of males. Species are colour-coded according to OTUs (see Key-colour OTUs, on the bottom).