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12,871 results for “aging;”
Disentangling the causes of age-assortative mating in bird populations with contrasting life-history strategies
<ol> <li>Age shapes fundamental processes related to behaviour, survival and reproduction. Where age influences reproductive success, non-random mating with respect to age can magnify or mitigate such effects. Consequently, the correlation in partners' age across a population may influence its productivity. Despite widespread evidence for age-assortative mating, little is known about what drives this assortment and its variation. Specifically, the relative importance of active (same-age mate preference) and passive processes (assortment as a consequence of other spatial or temporal effects) in driving age-assortment is not well understood.</li> <li>In this paper, we compare breeding data from a great tit and mute swan population (51- and 31-year datasets respectively) to tease apart the contributions of pair retention, cohort age-structure, and active age-related mate selection to age-assortment in species with contrasting life-histories.</li> <li>Both species show age-assortative mating, and variable assortment between years. However, we demonstrate that the drivers of age-assortment differ between the species, as expected from their life-histories and resultant demographic differences. In great tits, pair fidelity has a weak effect on age-assortative mating through pair retention; variation in age-assortment is primarily driven by fluctuations in age-structure from variable juvenile recruitment. Age-assortative mating is therefore largely passive, with no evidence consistent with active age-related mate selection. In mute swans, age-assortment is partly explained by pair retention, but not population age-structure, and evidence exists for active age-assortative pairing.</li> <li>This difference is likely to result from shorter life-spans in great tits compared to mute swans, leading to fundamental differences in their population age-structure, whereby a larger proportion of great tit populations consist of a single age-cohort. In mute swans, age-assortative pairing through mate selection may also be driven by greater age-dependent variation in fitness.</li> <li>The study highlights the importance of considering how different life-histories, and demographic differences arising from these, affect population processes that appear congruent across species. We suggest that future research should focus on uncovering the proximate mechanisms that lead to variation in active age-assortative mate selection (as seen in mute swans); and the consequences of variation in age-structure on the ecological and social functioning of wild populations.</li> </ol>
Archaeological sites in the area of the Iron Age city of Edeta -Valencia, Spain-
<p>Archaeological sites in the area of the Iron Age city of Edeta.</p>
Supporting information for: Age-specific sensitivity analysis of stable, stochastic and transient growth for stage-classified populations
<p>The study associated with this dataset proposes a way of performing age-specific sensitivity analysis of stable, stochastic and transient growth for stage-classified populations. Here, you find simulation code in R to produce figures in the manuscript and matrices reporting demographic data upon which code computations are performed.</p>
Wheel Out the Digital Dark Age Klaxon!
<p>Wheel Out the Digital Dark Age Klaxon, performed by the Digital Dark Age Crew.</p> <p>Written and produced by Marinus Nullbyte for the Digital Dark Age Crew, on the occasion of World Digital Preservation Day 2022. Executive producer: Johan van der Knijff.</p> <p>More information about this release, and about the Digital Dark Age Crew is available at:</p> <p><a href="https://www.bitsgalore.org/2022/11/03/wheel-out-the-digital-dark-age-klaxon">https://www.bitsgalore.org/2022/11/03/wheel-out-the-digital-dark-age-klaxon</a></p> <p>Vocals by the artificial voice of Alan Pope, which was channeled to the Digital Dark Age Crew through the mimic3 text to speech engine by Mycroft AI:</p> <p><a href="https://github.com/MycroftAI/mimic3">https://github.com/MycroftAI/mimic3</a></p> <p>All icons in the video were licensed from the Noun Project:</p> <p><a href="https://thenounproject.com/">https://thenounproject.com/</a></p> <p>Except the Myspace icon, which is public domain.</p>
Data for: Effects of parental age on salt stress tolerance in an aquatic plant
<p>Parental age influences components of offspring fitness in many species. The ability to tolerate stress also affects fitness, but less is known regarding changes in offspring stress tolerance with increasing parental age, especially in plants. We examined first and fifth-born clonal offspring (using birth order as a proxy for parental age), and compared their fitness in several sub-lethal concentrations of salt (NaCl), to investigate the interactive effects of birth order and salt stress on the offspring of the aquatic plant <em>Lemna minor </em>L. We found that increasing salt concentration reduced reproduction particularly at early ages, which detrimentally affected fitness, as measured by the intrinsic rate of natural increase. Fifth offspring had greater fitness than first offspring, potentially due to the hump-shaped relationship between offspring fitness and birth order observed in other studies on <em>Lemna</em>, with fifth offspring near the peak of the hump. We found no interactive effect of birth order and salt concentration on offspring fitness; however, there were interactive effects on the time to first reproduction and the size of fronds. Specifically, first offspring exposed to increasing salt concentrations exhibited longer delays to first reproduction and grew to a greater size, while fifth offspring showed little change in either variable with increasing salt concentration. Thus, variation in birth order affected offspring response to salt stress, although not in terms of fitness. These results help illuminate factors impacting the age-specific strength of natural selection and stress responses, and may be environmentally relevant in the context of environmental salinization.</p>
Datasets and Model for "Age-Independent Oceanic Plate Thickness and Asthenosphere Melting from SS Precursor Imaging"
<p>The Earth’s asthenosphere is a mechanically weak layer characterized by low seismic velocity and high attenuation. The nature of this layer has been strongly debated. In this study, we process twelve years of seismic data recorded at the global seismological network (GSN) stations to investigate SS waves reflected at the upper and lower boundaries of this layer in global oceanic regions. We observe strong reflections from both the top and the bottom of the asthenosphere, dispersive across all major oceans. The average depths of the two discontinuities are 120 km and 255 km, respectively. The SS waves reflected at the lithosphere and asthenosphere boundary are characterized by anomalously large amplitudes, which require ∼12.5% reduction in seismic velocity across the interface. This large velocity drop can not be explained by a thermal cooling model but indicates 1.5%-2% localized melt in the oceanic asthenosphere. The depths of the two discontinuities show large variations, indicating that the asthenosphere is far from a homogeneous layer but likely associated with strong and heterogeneous small-scale convections in the oceanic mantle. The average depths of the two boundaries are largely constant across different age bands. In contrast to the half space cooling model, this observation supports the existence of a constant-thickness plate in oceanic regions with a complex and heterogeneous origin. This repository contains four datasets and one reference earth model from this study.</p>
Age estimation of the Southern Ocean squid Moroteuthopsis longimana using beaks collected from predators' diet: number and increment widths in the rostrum sagittal section of the lower beak
<p>In this work we used upper and lower beaks of <em>Moroteuthopsis longimana </em>collected from the diet of Antarctic toothfish <em>Dissostichus mawsoni </em>from the Pacific (Ross and Amundsen Seas) and Atlantic (South Sandwich Islands) sectors of the Southern Ocean to study the feasibility of using beaks collected from predators’ stomachs to study the age of Southern Ocean oceanic squid and to estimate the age and growth patterns of <em>M. longimana. </em>We analysed the presence of micro-increments in the rostrum sagittal section (RSS) and the lateral wall of both upper and lower beaks. Lower beak’s RSS was the only section where it is possible to observe and count a readable sequence of increments that allowed to estimate the age of oceanic squid using beaks collected from predators’ stomachs.</p> <p>This dataset contains the number and width of increments found in the RSS of the 10 <em>M. longimana</em>’s lower beaks used in this study. Further information related with the studied beaks such as beak measurements, origin and sample date can be found in the published article.</p> <p>This dataset is associated with the article: Queirós JP, Bartolomé A, Piatkowski U, Xavier JC, Perales-Raya C (2023) Age and growth estimation of Southern Ocean squid <em>Moroteuthopsis longimana</em>: can we use beaks collected from predators’ stomachs? Marine Biology 170, 10. DOI 10.1007/s00227-022-04156-2</p>
Dataset of the visual EEG oddball paradigm with young and older age group
<p>The data accompanies the research described in yet unpublished paper: "On the influence of aging on classification performance in the visual EEG oddball paradigm using statistical and temporal features" by Omejc, N., Peskar, M., Miladinović, A., Kavcic, V., Džeroski, S., Marusic, U.</p> <p>The package includes raw data, that were measured by 32-channel EEG set and stored as hpf5 file, preprocessed data. that were preprocessed using custom scripts that utilize EEGLAB and its plugins, and data that was at the end used in the classification task and includes two types of datasets, one with temporal features and another with ERP statistical features, as in more detail described in the paper. Additionally, the package includes locations of 32 channels on the head, the event mappings for both the older and the younger group, as well as some general information about the subjects.</p>
Example of determination of C. niloticus embryonic age through the egg band during an artificial incubation at 30.5°C
<p>Example of determination of C. niloticus embryonic age through the egg band during an artificial incubation at 30.5°C.</p> <p>(valid only for eggs incubated at a temperature around 30.5°C)</p>
Contrasting phylogeographic patterns of mitochondrial and genome-wide variation in the groundwater amphipod (Crangonyx islandicus) that survived the Ice age in Iceland
<p>In this zip "DataAvailability.zip" all the data and parameter files, as well as R scripts and bash codes used to perform the analyses of the mitochondrial and the RADseq data are provided. A ReadMe file is available at the root describing the content of the different folders and files.</p> <p>Below is the abstract of the associated manuscript:</p> <p>Analysis of phylogeographic patterns have often been based on mitochondrial DNA variation, but recent analyses dealing with nuclear DNA have in some instances revealed mito-nuclear discordances and complex evolutionary histories. These enigmatic scenarios which may involve stochastic lineage sorting, ancestral hybridization, past dispersal, and secondary contacts are increasingly scrutinized with a new generation of genomic tools such as RADseq, which pose also additional analytical challenges. Here, we revisited the previously inconclusive phylogeographic history, showing mito-nuclear discordance, of an endemic groundwater amphipod from Iceland, <em>Crangonyx islandicus,</em> which is the only metazoan known to have survived the Pleistocene beneath the glaciers. Previous studies based on three DNA markers documented a mitochondrial scenario with the main divergence occurring between populations in northern Iceland and an ITS scenario with the main divergence between the south and north. We used double digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) to clarify this mito-nuclear discordance by applying several statistical methods while estimating the sensitivity to different analytical approaches (data-type, differentiation indices and base call uncertainty). A majority of nuclear markers and methods support the ITS divergence. Nevertheless, a more complex scenario emerges, possibly involving introgression led by male-biased dispersal among northern locations or mitochondrial capture which may have been further strengthened by natural selection.</p>
Multi-proxy agreement on Atlantic circulation dynamics since the last ice age: Model output data
<p>This dataset contains model output for the simulations presented in: <em>"Multi-proxy agreement on Atlantic circulation dynamics since the last ice age"</em>.</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 5 in Deep time extinction of largest insular ant predators and the first fossil Neoponera (Formicidae: Ponerinae) from Miocene age Dominican amber
Fig. 5 Size distribution of extant and extinct ant predators on Hispaniola. Principal component 1 derived from PCA of three morphometric traits across taxa. Fossil ants (yellow) exhibit larger body sizes than extant taxa (gray) on average and among extremes. Note: plot includes alate (queen) specimens, including the largest known fossil ant species, an undescribed Fulakora queen
Fig. 4 in Deep time extinction of largest insular ant predators and the first fossil Neoponera (Formicidae: Ponerinae) from Miocene age Dominican amber
Fig. 4 Morphospace of Hispaniolan predatory ants in fossil and extant communities. Morphometric data comprise head length, head width, and Weber's length across 35 extant and 26 fossil species
Fig. 1 in Deep time extinction of largest insular ant predators and the first fossil Neoponera (Formicidae: Ponerinae) from Miocene age Dominican amber
Fig. 1 Photomicrographs of Neoponera vejestoria sp. nov. (Holotype, MNHNSD FOS 18.01). A Head in frontal view. B Body in dorsal view. C Body in lateral view. Scale bars: A 1 mm; B, C 2 mm
Fig. 3 in Deep time extinction of largest insular ant predators and the first fossil Neoponera (Formicidae: Ponerinae) from Miocene age Dominican amber
Fig. 3 Principal component analysis morphospace of Neoponera ants according to species group. The sampling comprised 47 species represented by 12 linear morphological measurements. PC1 corresponds with the overall body size. Neoponera vejestoria is denoted with the blue star. The first five principal components of the Neoponera dataset make up 98% of the total variance. Principal component 1 comprises 84.14% of the variance; principal component 2 reflects the overall body shape, mainly in the pronotal width and petiolar dimensions (see Additional file 1: Fig. S4), comprising 5.61% of the variance
SVAD Age Data: Colombia
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>The dental and skeletal data were collected from a skeletal collection housed at the Universidad de Antioquia in Medellín, Colombia. Individuals are between birth and 22 years of age. As part of the SVAD age indicator template, there are 64 age variables (columns) in the dataset, which include diaphyseal lengths and breadths, epiphyseal fusion/appearance of ossification centers, and dental development. All data was collected from the skeletal remains, except for the <em>in situ </em>dentition, which was scored using a portable Nomad Pro 2 handheld X-ray system. The data collection methodology can be found in Stull and Corron (2022) and Corron et al. (2021).</p> <p><strong>Basic Key Code:</strong></p> <ul> <li>*DL_L/R == diaphyseal lengths</li> <li>*DB_L/R == diapyseal lengths</li> <li>*EF_L/R == epiphyseal fusion</li> <li>*Oss == ossification </li> <li>*man_ and max_ == mandibular and maxillary dental development</li> </ul> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Stull, K.E. and Corron, L.K. (<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6756/2/1/3"><em>2022</em></a>) The Subadult Virtual Anthropology Database (SVAD): An Accessible Repository of Contemporary Subadult Reference Data. Forensic. Sci. 2022, 2, 20–36. https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2010003.</p> <p>Corron, LK, <em>et al. (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073821000074">2021</a>)</em> Standardizing ordinal subadult age indicators: Testing for observer agreement and consistency across modalities. <em>Forensic Science International</em> 320, 110687. </p>
SVAD Age Data: Angola
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>The dental and skeletal age indicators were collected from anonymized radiographic images generated from a clinical context in Angola. All images were generated in the past ~10 years and include individuals between birth and 18 years of age. As part of the SVAD age indicator template, there are 64 age variables (columns) in the dataset, which include diaphyseal lengths and breadths, epiphyseal fusion/appearance of ossification centers, and dental development. However, because this data is collected from two dimensional radiographic images, only epiphyseal fusion/appearance of ossification centers and dental data are included; all diaphyseal dimensions have a 'NA'. The data collection methodology can be found in Stull and Corron (2022) and Corron et al. (2021), and the latter includes the abbreviations and full variable names along with its staging system.</p> <p><strong>Basic Key Code:</strong></p> <ul> <li>*DL_L/R == diaphyseal lengths</li> <li>*DB_L/R == diapyseal lengths</li> <li>*EF_L/R == epiphyseal fusion</li> <li>*Oss == ossification </li> <li>*man_ and max_ == mandibular and maxillary dental development</li> </ul> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Stull, K.E. and Corron, L.K. (<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6756/2/1/3"><em>2022</em></a>) The Subadult Virtual Anthropology Database (SVAD): An Accessible Repository of Contemporary Subadult Reference Data. Forensic. Sci. 2022, 2, 20–36. https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2010003</p> <p>Corron, LK, <em>et al. (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073821000074">2021</a>)</em> Standardizing ordinal subadult age indicators: Testing for observer agreement and consistency across modalities. <em>Forensic Science International</em> <strong>320</strong>, 110687. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
SVAD Age Data: Netherlands
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>The skeletal and dental data were collected from anonymized computed tomography images generated at the Amsterdam Medical Center. Individuals are between birth and 15 years of age. As part of the SVAD age indicator template, there are 64 age variables (columns) in the dataset, which include diaphyseal lengths and breadths, epiphyseal fusion/appearance of ossification centers, and dental development. The data collection methodology can be found in Stull and Corron (2022) and Corron et al. (2021).</p> <p><strong>Basic Key Code:</strong></p> <ul> <li>*DL_L/R == diaphyseal lengths</li> <li>*DB_L/R == diapyseal lengths</li> <li>*EF_L/R == epiphyseal fusion</li> <li>*Oss == ossification </li> <li>*man_ and max_ == mandibular and maxillary dental development</li> </ul> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Stull, K.E. and Corron, L.K. (<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6756/2/1/3"><em>2022</em></a>) The Subadult Virtual Anthropology Database (SVAD): An Accessible Repository of Contemporary Subadult Reference Data. Forensic. Sci. 2022, 2, 20–36. https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2010003.</p> <p>Corron, LK, <em>et al. (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073821000074">2021</a>)</em> Standardizing ordinal subadult age indicators: Testing for observer agreement and consistency across modalities. <em>Forensic Science International</em> 320, 110687. </p>
SVAD Age Data: Taiwan
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>The skeletal and dental data were collected from anonymized computed tomography images generated at the National Taiwan University Hospital. Individuals are between birth and 20 years of age. As part of the SVAD age indicator template, there are 64 age variables (columns) in the dataset, which include diaphyseal lengths and breadths, epiphyseal fusion/appearance of ossification centers, and dental development. The data collection methodology can be found in Stull and Corron (2022) and Corron et al. (2021).</p> <p><strong>Basic Key Code:</strong></p> <ul> <li>*DL_L/R == diaphyseal lengths</li> <li>*DB_L/R == diapyseal lengths</li> <li>*EF_L/R == epiphyseal fusion</li> <li>*Oss == ossification </li> <li>*man_ and max_ == mandibular and maxillary dental development</li> </ul> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Stull, K.E. and Corron, L.K. (<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6756/2/1/3"><em>2022</em></a>) The Subadult Virtual Anthropology Database (SVAD): An Accessible Repository of Contemporary Subadult Reference Data. Forensic. Sci. 2022, 2, 20–36. https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2010003.</p> <p>Corron, LK, <em>et al. (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073821000074">2021</a>)</em> Standardizing ordinal subadult age indicators: Testing for observer agreement and consistency across modalities. <em>Forensic Science International</em> 320, 110687. </p>
SVAD Age Data: France
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>The skeletal and dental data were collected from computed tomography images generated at the Public Hospital Services of Marseille (AP-HM). Individuals are between birth and 20 years of age. As part of the SVAD age indicator template, there are 64 age variables (columns) in the dataset, which include diaphyseal lengths and breadths, epiphyseal fusion/appearance of ossification centers, and dental development. The data collection methodology can be found in Stull and Corron (2022) and Corron et al. (2021).</p> <p><strong>Basic Key Code:</strong></p> <ul> <li>*DL_L/R == diaphyseal lengths</li> <li>*DB_L/R == diapyseal lengths</li> <li>*EF_L/R == epiphyseal fusion</li> <li>*Oss == ossification </li> <li>*man_ and max_ == mandibular and maxillary dental development</li> </ul> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Stull, K.E. and Corron, L.K. (<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6756/2/1/3"><em>2022</em></a>) The Subadult Virtual Anthropology Database (SVAD): An Accessible Repository of Contemporary Subadult Reference Data. Forensic. Sci. 2022, 2, 20–36. https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2010003</p> <p>Corron, LK, <em>et al. (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073821000074">2021</a>)</em> Standardizing ordinal subadult age indicators: Testing for observer agreement and consistency across modalities. <em>Forensic Science International</em> <strong>320</strong>, 110687. </p>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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