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FIGURE 16 in The cicada genus Procollina Metcalf, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): redescription including fourteen new species, with a key to the species of the subtribe Dazina Kato, 1932 rev. stat., the description of the Aragualnini n. tribe, and one new combination

FIGURE 16. Neocicada pennata (Distant, 1881) n. comb.: A, holotype female habitus (BMNH); B, holotype female dorsum; C, holotype female ventral view; D, holotype female lateral view; E, labels associated with holotype. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C–D, 1 cm.

FIGURE 9. Procollina nigrapilosa n in The cicada genus Procollina Metcalf, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): redescription including fourteen new species, with a key to the species of the subtribe Dazina Kato, 1932 rev. stat., the description of the Aragualnini n. tribe, and one new combination

FIGURE 9. Procollina nigrapilosa n. sp.: A, holotype male; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal cover; D, holotype male operculum; E, paratype male lateral view of genitalia; F, paratype male posterior view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C–D, 2 mm; E–F, 1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Procollina nicaraguaensis n in The cicada genus Procollina Metcalf, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): redescription including fourteen new species, with a key to the species of the subtribe Dazina Kato, 1932 rev. stat., the description of the Aragualnini n. tribe, and one new combination

FIGURE 8. Procollina nicaraguaensis n. sp.: A, holotype male and paratype female habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal cover; D, paratype male operculum; E, paratype female operculum; F, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; G, holotype male posterior view of genitalia; H, paratype female lateral view of genitalia; I, paratype female ventral view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C–E, 2 mm; F–G, 1 mm; H–I, 2 mm.

FIGURE 5. Procollina mayaensis n in The cicada genus Procollina Metcalf, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): redescription including fourteen new species, with a key to the species of the subtribe Dazina Kato, 1932 rev. stat., the description of the Aragualnini n. tribe, and one new combination

FIGURE 5. Procollina mayaensis n. sp.: A, holotype male and paratype female habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal cover; D, paratype male operculum; E, paratype female operculum; F, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; G, holotype male posterior view of genitalia; H, paratype female lateral view of genitalia; I, paratype female ventral view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C–E, 2 mm; F–G, 1 mm; H–I, 2 mm.

FIGURE 11. Procollina parva n in The cicada genus Procollina Metcalf, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): redescription including fourteen new species, with a key to the species of the subtribe Dazina Kato, 1932 rev. stat., the description of the Aragualnini n. tribe, and one new combination

FIGURE 11. Procollina parva n. sp.: A, holotype male and paratype female habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal cover; D, paratype male operculum; E, paratype female operculum; F, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; G, holotype male posterior view of genitalia; H, paratype female lateral view of genitalia; I, paratype female ventral view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C–E, 2 mm; F–G, 1 mm; H–I, 2 mm.

FIGURE 4. Procollina hondurensis n in The cicada genus Procollina Metcalf, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): redescription including fourteen new species, with a key to the species of the subtribe Dazina Kato, 1932 rev. stat., the description of the Aragualnini n. tribe, and one new combination

FIGURE 4. Procollina hondurensis n. sp.: A, holotype male; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal cover; D, holotype male operculum; E, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; F, holotype male posterior view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C–D, 2 mm; E–F, 1 mm.

FIGURE 13. Procollina ulnamaculata n in The cicada genus Procollina Metcalf, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): redescription including fourteen new species, with a key to the species of the subtribe Dazina Kato, 1932 rev. stat., the description of the Aragualnini n. tribe, and one new combination

FIGURE 13. Procollina ulnamaculata n. sp.: A, holotype male and paratype female habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal cover; D, paratype male operculum; E, paratype female operculum; F, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; G, holotype male posterior view of genitalia; H, paratype female lateral view of genitalia; I, paratype female ventral view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C–E, 2 mm; F–G, 1 mm; H–I, 2 mm.

FIGURE 2. Procollina convexa n in The cicada genus Procollina Metcalf, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): redescription including fourteen new species, with a key to the species of the subtribe Dazina Kato, 1932 rev. stat., the description of the Aragualnini n. tribe, and one new combination

FIGURE 2. Procollina convexa n. sp.: A, holotype male and paratype female habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal cover; D, paratype male operculum; E, paratype female operculum; F, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; G, holotype male posterior view of genitalia; H, paratype female lateral view of genitalia; I, paratype female ventral view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C–E, 2 mm; F–G, 1 mm; H–I, 2 mm.

FIGURE 7. Procollina minima n in The cicada genus Procollina Metcalf, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): redescription including fourteen new species, with a key to the species of the subtribe Dazina Kato, 1932 rev. stat., the description of the Aragualnini n. tribe, and one new combination

FIGURE 7. Procollina minima n. sp.: A, holotype male habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal cover; D, holotype male operculum. E, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; F, holotype male posterior view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C–D, 2 mm; E–F, 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in The cicada genus Procollina Metcalf, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): redescription including fourteen new species, with a key to the species of the subtribe Dazina Kato, 1932 rev. stat., the description of the Aragualnini n. tribe, and one new combination

FIGURE 1. Daza montezuma (Walker, 1850) and Aragualna plenalinea Champanhet, Boulard & Gaiani, 2000 to illustrate characters of the different subfamilies to which the species should be classified. A, habitus of D. montezuma (left) and A. plenalinea (right); B, dorsum of D. montezuma illustrating the mesonotum concealing the metanotum on the dorsal midline and the recurved timbal cover along the posterior timbal cavity; C, dorsum of A. plenalinea illustrating the metanotum visible at the dorsal midline and timbal cavity lacking a turned-back rim or timbal cover; D, pygofer of D. montezuma with a well-developed, rounded distal shoulder of the pygofer and the well-developed and retractable uncus; E, pygofer of A. plenalinea illustrating the undeveloped pygofer distal shoulder, small and flat uncus, and large claspers dominating abdominal segment 10; F, fore wing of D. montezuma partially fused cubitus posterior + anal vein 1; G, fore wing of A. plenalinea cubitus posterior + anal vein 1 fused for most of their lengths. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B–C, 5 mm; D–E, 2 mm; F–G, 5 mm.

FIGURE 3. Procollina guatemalensis n in The cicada genus Procollina Metcalf, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): redescription including fourteen new species, with a key to the species of the subtribe Dazina Kato, 1932 rev. stat., the description of the Aragualnini n. tribe, and one new combination

FIGURE 3. Procollina guatemalensis n. sp.: A, holotype male and paratype female habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal cover; D, paratype male operculum; E, paratype female operculum; F, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; G, holotype male posterior view of genitalia; H, paratype female lateral view of genitalia; I, paratype female ventral view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C–E, 2 mm; F–G, 1 mm; H–I, 2 mm.

FIGURE 12. Procollina tamaulipasensis n in The cicada genus Procollina Metcalf, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): redescription including fourteen new species, with a key to the species of the subtribe Dazina Kato, 1932 rev. stat., the description of the Aragualnini n. tribe, and one new combination

FIGURE 12. Procollina tamaulipasensis n. sp.: A, holotype male and paratype female habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal cover; D, paratype male operculum; E, paratype female operculum; F, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; G, holotype male posterior view of genitalia; H, paratype female lateral view of genitalia; I, paratype female ventral view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C–E, 2 mm; F–G, 1 mm; H–I, 2 mm.

FIGURE 6. Procollina mesomaculata n in The cicada genus Procollina Metcalf, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): redescription including fourteen new species, with a key to the species of the subtribe Dazina Kato, 1932 rev. stat., the description of the Aragualnini n. tribe, and one new combination

FIGURE 6. Procollina mesomaculata n. sp.: A, holotype male and paratype female habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal cover; D, paratype male operculum; E, paratype female operculum; F, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; G, holotype male posterior view of genitalia; H, paratype female lateral view of genitalia; I, paratype female ventral view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C–E, 2 mm; F–G, 1 mm; H–I, 2 mm.

FIGURE 10. Procollina nuevoleonensis n in The cicada genus Procollina Metcalf, 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): redescription including fourteen new species, with a key to the species of the subtribe Dazina Kato, 1932 rev. stat., the description of the Aragualnini n. tribe, and one new combination

FIGURE 10. Procollina nuevoleonensis n. sp.: A, holotype male; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal cover; D, holotype male operculum; E, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; F, holotype male posterior view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C–D, 2 mm; E–F, 1 mm.

FIGURE 30 in Two new genera and five new species of Mugadina - like small grass cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettini) from Central and Eastern Australia: comparative morphology, songs, behaviour and distributions

FIGURE 30. Generalised map of central and northeastern Australia showing the distributions of the described Heremusina n. gen. and Xeropsalta n. gen. species, as in Fig. 8, compared to the geography of selected river systems of inland Australia. The more heavily dotted lines show the systems draining towards the Lake Eyre Basin; the finely dotted lines of the rivers systems of the southeastern area of the Northern Territory are internally draining, not reaching beyond the State boundaries, while the river systems of northern and eastern Queensland, northern Northern Territory and NSW drain into the surrounding oceans.

FIGURE 24 in Two new genera and five new species of Mugadina - like small grass cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettini) from Central and Eastern Australia: comparative morphology, songs, behaviour and distributions

FIGURE 24. Comparison of Xeropsalta aridula n. sp. song echemes in respect to: (A), waveform plot showing temporal structures; (B), spectrogram showing a dominant frequency band between approximately 7–11 kHz, with no frequency change during song emission; (C), amplitude spectra of complete phrase and the contained echemes, showing a relatively restricted band of emission between 6.6–10.5 kHz, with the dominant frequency estimated to be 8.6 kHz.

FIGURE 21 in Two new genera and five new species of Mugadina - like small grass cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettini) from Central and Eastern Australia: comparative morphology, songs, behaviour and distributions

FIGURE 21. Comparison of two additional sets of Xeropsalta thomsoni n. sp. calling songs from the Simpson and Strzelecki Deserts, central Australia (recorded by D.C. Marshall). (A), recording code 09.AU.NS.WGS.T03, Strzelecki Desert track, 30 km north of Tibooburra, northwestern corner of N.S.W. One complete song phrase, showing the initial sequence of repeated isolated syllables/macrosyllables, initially single syllables, increasing to sets of 4 coalesced syllables. At approximately 1.2 s, the macrosyllables are followed by repeated echemes, comprising 8 reducing to 4 macrosyllables, the echeme RR increasing from 2.3 to 4.4 Hz during song emission, the macrosyllable RR relatively stable at 23 Hz. Note is made of the decreasing lengths of the initial macrosyllables in the initial three echemes. The final two macrosyllables in each echeme are doublets. Amplitude spectra (not shown) indicate a clearly defined peak with dominant frequency at 10.0 kHz, and bandwidth of 3.6 kHz. (B), recording location and code as in Fig. 21A, time expanded segment of a single macrosyllable (location indicated in Fig. 21A at 3.0 s, by open bracket), showing three syllables, each with the characteristic 6 dominant pulses, the individual syllable durations ranging between 7–7.3 ms. The dominant pulses exhibit small following secondary pulses which are interpreted as 'OUT' pulses produced by relaxation of the timbals. (C), field recording, recording code 1034-Cooper-Ck-2015, Birdsville Track, southwest end of Lake Killamperpunna. Waveform plot of junction between two song phrases, effectively joined by the sequence of repeated isolated macrosyllables, these typically marking the start of a phrase. Fig. 21D shows the following full song phrase. (D), recording details as in Fig. C. The complete song phrase (9.8 s). The first 2 s comprise repeated isolated macrosyllables, these initially with 3–4, increasing to 6 syllables. After 2 s, the song components aggregate into repeated echemes, each with 5–6 discrete macrosyllables, the numbers listed above each echeme. The initial macrosyllables of the first nine echemes are relatively broad, 173–95 ms durations. All remaining macrosyllables in all echemes are more constant in widths, ranging between 64–26 ms (mean 40 ms). The echeme RR slowly increases during the song. Amplitude spectra (not shown) indicate a clearly defined peak with dominant frequency at 9.4 kHz, and bandwidth of 3.8 kHz. (E), Time expanded waveform of the final seven echemes in the song shown in Fig. D above, these showing the discrete macrosyllables, the final two in each echeme are doublets. the syllable durations within the macrosyllables range between 7.0–8.1 ms, each syllable comprised of 6 pulses (cf. Fig A above).

FIGURE 27 in Two new genera and five new species of Mugadina - like small grass cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettini) from Central and Eastern Australia: comparative morphology, songs, behaviour and distributions

FIGURE 27. Comparisons of Xeropsalta rattrayi n. sp. song in terms of: (A), waveform echeme structures; (B), spectrogram, showing a dominant frequency band between approximately 5–14 kHz, with no frequency variation during song emission; (C), amplitude spectra showing a clearly defined, and relatively narrow dominant frequency envelope between 7.2–10.7 kHz, and inferred dominant frequency of 9.0 kHz.

FIGURE 20 in Two new genera and five new species of Mugadina - like small grass cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettini) from Central and Eastern Australia: comparative morphology, songs, behaviour and distributions

FIGURE 20. Comparison of the above X. thomsoni n. sp. song in terms of: (A), waveform plot showing the temporal structures; (B), spectrogram, showing a dominant frequency band between approximately 6.6–10.5 kHz, with no change of frequencies during the song; (C), amplitude spectra showing the clearly defined, and relatively narrow frequency band between 8.2–11.4 kHz, with the inferred dominant frequency centered at 9.7 kHz.

FIGURE 18. Xeropsalta thomsoni n in Two new genera and five new species of Mugadina - like small grass cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettini) from Central and Eastern Australia: comparative morphology, songs, behaviour and distributions

FIGURE 18. Xeropsalta thomsoni n. sp. (A) to (D), waveform plots of field recording, in open net, from the Thomson River flood plain, 130 km S. W. of Longreach (Noonbah Station), western Queensland. Fig. 18A, complete phrase, starting as relatively tightly compacted sets of pulses extending to ~3 s, after which they progressively open up between 3–4 sec, thereafter forming repeated, well defined echemes continuing to the end of song. The mean echeme RR is 3.6 Hz. Fig. 18B, shows the initial 700 ms of song, showing initial sets of isolated pulse doublets extending to about 200 ms, after which the pulse doublets progressively coalesce into discrete macrosyllables, each comprised of 6 pulses. Fig. 18C, between about 2–3.5 s into the song, there is a progressive merging of the macrosyllables leading into the initial phase of the rearrangement of the song into echemes. These are comprised of sets of triplet syllables (forming macrosyllables) enclosed by short echemes comprised from 5–16 sets of merged triplet syllables. At approximately 4 s into the songs, these develop into the discrete and repeated macrosyllables, occurring throughout the remainder of the song. Fig. D, the final 8 echemes of the song phrase are shown in detail. Each echeme comprises 4–9 discrete (separated) macrosyllables, these each comprised two (more rarely 3) syllables, excepting the two final macrosyllables which are almost fused, each with 5 to 6 syllables. Each syllable comprises 6 pulses, with pulse PRR of 885–1075 Hz. Mean macrosyllable RR (excluding the final two in each echeme) are 38–42 Hz, and the echeme RR are 3.6 Hz. Fig. 18E, song of X. thomsoni from Birdsville, southwestern corner of Queensland, recorded on the Diamantina River flood plain. The structure of the song is very close to that of the Thomson R. specimens, the only significant difference being the consistently slightly lower pulse, syllable, macrosyllable and echeme RR, possibly temperature related (recording by L.W. Popple; compare also Fig. 21). Filtered A to D 3kHz; E to 5 kHz.