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3,583 results for “elevations”
Short-term effects of wildfire on high elevation stream-riparian food webs
<p>Understanding how wildfires affect food web structure and function remains an important challenge, especially at high elevations that historically have burned infrequently. In particular, fires may alter the magnitude of reciprocal cross-ecosystem subsidies, leading to indirect effects on aquatic and terrestrial consumers. We quantified characteristics of high-elevation (2500 to 3000 m) stream-riparian food webs at 10 locations in the southern Rocky Mountains less than one year following high-intensity, stand-replacing wildfires. Using a paired 'burned-unburned' stream survey design, we assessed benthic periphyton, aquatic macroinvertebrate community structure, trout population characteristics, trout stomach contents, inputs and emergence of insects to and from streams, and abundance of predatory riparian spiders that consume aquatic insects. Benthic macroinvertebrate density, flux of emerging aquatic insects, and riparian spider abundances were lower at burned sites. Fluxes of insect inputs entering the stream did not differ with burn status, despite the loss of riparian vegetation due to fire. Trout were somewhat less abundant, but larger on average at burned sites and did not differ in body condition. These results suggest mortality of smaller trout from fire disturbance and/or recolonization of burned sites by larger individuals. Trout showed subtle changes in diet composition with burn status, but no change in biomass or number of prey consumed. In general, burned sites showed greater variation in community characteristics than unburned sites, which may reflect differences in the timing and magnitude of post-fire flooding, erosion, and scouring of the stream bed. Taken together, our results suggest that short-term effects of fire disturbance strongly altered some food web responses, but others appeared relatively resilient, which is notable given the high severity of the wildfires in the study area.</p>
Nematode biomass changes along an elevational gradient are trophic group dependent but independent of body size
<p>Data supporting "Nematode biomass changes along an elevational gradient are trophic group dependent but independent of body size"</p>
ELEvent: A Visual Dataset of Anomalous Event in Elevator Cars
<p>The dataset includes four abnormal categories and a normal one: <br> carrying gas cylinders, driving electric scooters, the elevator door opening for an extended period, <br> the elevator door opening and closing repeatedly, and regular operation of elevators. </p>
A phenomics approach reveals interspecific differences in integrated developmental responses to chronic elevated temperatures
<p>Raw data for publication 'A phenomics approach reveals interspecific differences in integrated developmental responses to chronic elevated temperatures', Journal of Experimental Biology (2023) 226, jeb245612. doi:10.1242/jeb.245612.</p> <p>Developmental_Event_Timings.csv - Raw data for the timings of development of <em>Lymnaea stagnalis, Radix balthica </em>and <em>Physella acuta</em> maintained at 20 and 25C, recorded by manual observation from video of developing embryos. Data are recorded as absolute timings, and relative timings normalised between the 4-cell stage and hatching. </p> <p>EPT_Data.csv - Time series of frequency specific EPT data binned at 0.1Hz increments for embryos of <em>Lymnaea stagnalis</em>, <em>Radix balthica </em>and <em>Physella acuta </em>maintained at 20 and 25C, normalised by relative developmental time. </p> <p>EPT_data_by_physiological_window.csv - Frequency specific EPT data binned at 0.1Hz increments, and averaged across 4 key physiological windows in development (ciliary driven rotation, muscular crawling, cardiovascular function and radula function) for embryos of <em>Lymnaea stagnalis</em>, <em>Radix balthica </em>and <em>Physella acuta </em>maintained at 20 and 25C. </p> <p>Total_energy_data.csv - Time series of total energy data for embryos of <em>Lymnaea stagnalis</em>, <em>Radix balthica </em>and <em>Physella acuta </em>maintained at 20 and 25C, normalised by relative developmental time. </p>
Figure 1 in Elevating Omophoita octoguttata elytralis Bechyné, 1956 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) to species
Figure 1. Omophoita elytralis (Bechyné, 1956), ♂ habitus. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Lateral view.
Figure 2 in Elevating Omophoita octoguttata elytralis Bechyné, 1956 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) to species
Figure 2. Omophoita elytralis (Bechyné, 1956). General structure of the genitalia. (A) General structure of the male median lobe. (B) General structure of the female tignum and vaginal palpus. Abbreviations: apical hood (APH); basal portion of the tignum (BPT); distal portion of the tignum (DPT); dorsal median process (DMP); hood-like structure (HDL); lateral dorsal sclerite (LDS); oblique dorsal process (ODP); projections of the dorsal median process (PDM); ventral sclerite (VNS).
Figure 3 in Elevating Omophoita octoguttata elytralis Bechyné, 1956 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) to species
Figure 3. Comparison between the male median lobe of Omophoita octoguttata (Fabricius, 1775) (A) and O. elytralis (Bechyné, 1956) (B). Abbreviations: apical hood (APH); dorsal median process (DMP); lateral dorsal sclerite (LDS); oblique dorsal process (ODP); projections of the dorsal median process (PDM); ventral sclerite (VNS).
Toy glacier elevation change dataset
<p>Dataset for conference paper: 'Beyond Intuition, a Framework for Applying GPs to Real-World Data' at the ICML Workshop tructured Probabilistic Inference and Generative Modelling, 2023 (Honolulu, Hawaii, USA).</p> <p><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.03093">https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.03093</a></p>
Elevated CO2 does not alter behavioural lateralization in free‐swimming juvenile European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) tested in groups
<p>Rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) equilibrate with oceanic CO<sub>2</sub>, contributing to ocean acidification (OA). OA can induce changes in fish behavioural lateralization (an expression of brain functional asymmetries) manifested in a left or right turning preference in detour tests. However, recent works find no such effects, and other work demonstrates assessment of turning preferences by detour tests to be a flawed methodology. Behavioural lateralization and OA effects on lateralization therefore need to be assessed with alternative paradigms. Here, we investigate left-right turning preferences of N=260 free-swimming juvenile European sea bass (<em>Dicentrarchus</em> <em>labrax</em>) reared in either: ambient conditions; OA conditions; or reared in ambient conditions but tested in OA water. Fish were observed free-swimming in groups of 10 individuals in a circular tank, and individuals' turning preferences were quantified using trajectory data from video. In contrast to early studies, and in support of recent comprehensive work on coral reef fishes, we show that near future OA levels have no effect on behavioural lateralization (left–right turning preference) in juvenile European sea bass.</p>
Data for dating in the dark: Elevated substitution rates in cave cockroaches (Blattodea: Nocticolidae) have negative impacts on molecular date estimates
<p>Rates of nucleotide substitution vary substantially across the Tree of Life, with potentially confounding effects on phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses. A large acceleration in mitochondrial substitution rate occurs in the cockroach family Nocticolidae, which predominantly inhabit subterranean environments. To evaluate the impacts of this among-lineage rate heterogeneity on estimates of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary timescales, we analysed nuclear ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial genomes from nocticolids and other cockroaches. Substitution rates were substantially elevated in nocticolid lineages compared with other cockroaches, especially in mitochondrial protein-coding genes. This disparity in evolutionary rates is likely to have led to different evolutionary relationships being supported by mitochondrial genomes and UCE loci. Furthermore, analyses using relaxed-clock models inferred much deeper divergence times compared with a flexible local clock. Our phylogenetic analysis of UCEs, which is the first genome-scale study to include all nine major cockroach families, unites Corydiidae and Nocticolidae and places Anaplectidae as the sister lineage to the rest of Blattoidea. We uncover an extraordinary level of genetic divergence in Nocticolidae, including two highly distinct clades that separated ~115 million years ago despite both containing representatives of the genus <em>Nocticola</em>. The results of our study highlight the potential impacts of high among-lineage rate variation on estimates of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary timescales.</p>
Soil microbial community, dissolved organic matter and nutrient cycling interactions change along an elevation gradient in subtropical China
<p>This table contains data on soil dissolved organic matter at different elevations in Wuyi Mountain, China, which is attached to the manuscript submitted to Journal of Environmental Management (Manuscript ID:JEMA-D-23-01912). </p>
SIF and CLM5 outpfile files to support Kunik et al "Satellite-based solar-induced fluorescence tracks seasonal and elevational patterns of photosynthesis in California's Sierra Nevada mountains"
<p>These files contain 0.04° monthly sampled TROPOMI SIF, corrected for length of day and topography ("SIFdc_dem") over the Sierra Nevada region of California, along with Community Land Model (CLM) v5.0 point and regional simulation output. CLM5.0 simulations with prognostic vegetation state (CLM5.0-BGC, files begninning with "clm5_") and with satellite phenology (CLM5.0-SP, files beginning with "clm5_SP_") are provided. </p>
Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) after the Shovi (Caucasus) debris flow, 13 August 2023
<p>===========================</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>On 4 August 2023, a large debris flow struck the mountain resort town of Shovi in Georgia. More on this event here : <a href="https://eos.org/thelandslideblog/the-4-august-2023-debris-flow-at-shovi-in-georgia">https://eos.org/thelandslideblog/the-4-august-2023-debris-flow-at-shovi-in-georgia</a></p> <p>Two Pléiades stereo images were acquired after the event on 13 August 2023, thanks to the activation of the CIEST² (<a href="https://www.poleterresolide.fr/ciest-2-nouvelle-generation-2/">https://www.poleterresolide.fr/ciest-2-nouvelle-generation-2/</a>) scheme. 2023-08-13a covers the lower part, 2023-08-13b the upper/source area.</p> <p>We share here the Pléiades DEMs derived from these images. The collection includes four files:</p> <p>Shovi_2023-08-13a_DEM_2m.tif</p> <p>Shovi_2023-08-13a_DEM_20m.tif</p> <p>Shovi_2023-08-13b_DEM_2m.tif</p> <p>Shovi_2023-08-13b_DEM_20m.tif</p> <p> </p> <p>===========================</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The Pléiades stereo-images were processed using the Ames Stereo Pipeline (ASP, Beyer et al., 2018), yielding a DEM in 2x2m and 20x20 m GSD and an orthoimage in 0.5x0.5m GSD. The processing was done using as only input the stereo-images and their orientation information, as Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs). The parallel_stereo routine performs all the steps needed in the correlation of the stereo-images, yielding a pointcloud which is then interpolated using the routine point2dem. We used the block matching algorithm and the set of processing parameters from Marti et al. (2016)</p> <p>Beyer, R. A., Alexandrov, O., and McMichael, S.: The Ames Stereo Pipeline: NASA’s Open Source Software for Deriving and Processing Terrain Data, Earth and Space Science, 5, 537–548, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EA000409, 2018.</p> <p>Marti, R. et al.: Mapping snow depth in open alpine terrain from stereo satellite imagery, The Cryosphere, 10(4), 1361–1380, doi:10.5194/tc-10-1361-2016, 2016.</p> <p> </p> <p>===========================</p> <p>Data Specifications:</p> <p>Cartographic projection: UTM zone 38N (EPSG:32638)</p> <p>Origin of Elevation: meters above WGS84 ellipsoid</p> <p>Raster data format: GeoTIFF</p> <p>NoData value : -9999</p> <p>Pléiades dataset includes only DEMs because a licence needs to be signed with CNES to access Pléiades imagery. Please contact the authors for further information on this.</p> <p> </p> <p>===========================</p> <p>Acknowledgements:</p> <p>Pléiades images were provided under the CIEST² initiative (CIEST2 is part of ForM@Ter (https://en.poleterresolide.fr/) (Pléiades © CNES 2023, distribution AIRBUS DS)</p> <p> </p> <p>===========================</p> <p>Dataset Attribution:</p> <p>This dataset is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 International License (Attribution-NonCommercial).</p> <p> </p> <p>===========================</p> <p>Citation:</p> <p>Please cite this repository as :</p> <p>Berthier E. (2023). Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) after the Shovi flood (Caucasus), 13 August 2023, Dataset distributed on Zenodo: 10.5281/zenodo.8252339</p>
Geology and elevation shape microbial assembly in Antarctic endolithic communities
<p>The dataset includes three table files (.csv), and one archive file (.tgz).</p> <p><strong>bacteria_summary_out3.csv: </strong>the GTDB-Tk summary for bacterial genomes</p> <p><strong>filtered_repr.tgz: </strong>filtered genomes </p> <p><strong>otu_raw3_genomes_metadata.csv:</strong> environmental data and genome abundances for each location</p> <p><strong>tax_table_otu3.csv</strong>: taxonomic table for each genome</p>
An elevational phylogeographic diversity gradient in Neotropical birds is decoupled from speciation rates
<p>A key question about macroevolutionary speciation rates is whether they are controlled by microevolutionary processes operating at the population level. For example, does spatial variation in population genetic differentiation underlie geographical gradients in speciation rates? Previous work suggests speciation rates increase with elevation in Neotropical birds, but underlying population-level gradients remain unexplored. Here, we characterize elevational phylogeographic diversity between montane and lowland birds in the megadiverse Andes-Amazonian system and assess its relationship to speciation rates to evaluate the link between population-level differentiation and species-level diversification. We aggregated and georeferenced nearly 7000 mitochondrial DNA sequences across 103 species or species complexes in the Andes and Amazonia and used these sequences to describe phylogeographic differentiation across both regions. Our results show increased levels of both discrete and continuous metrics of population structure in the Andean mountains compared to the Amazonian lowlands. However, higher levels of population differentiation do not predict higher rates of speciation in our dataset. Multiple potential factors may lead to our observed decoupling of initial population divergence and speciation rates, including the ephemerality of incipient species and the multifaceted nature of the speciation process, as well as methodological challenges associated with estimating rates of population differentiation and speciation.</p>
Mineral Protection rather than Aggregate Stability Enhanced Soil Organic Carbon Along an Elevated Gradient in Alpine Areas of Southwest China
<p>This data contains Background, Dominant plant and their biomass, Environmental variables, Aggregate stability, Fe/Al oxides, Mass of soil density fractions, Carbon contetn in each density fraction, Mass of aggregates, Carbon content in each aggregate class size, Ratio of carbon content in each soil density and aggregate fractions and Enzyme avtivity of our investigated sites. Total 46 factors were given.</p>
Digital Elevation Model of Hintereis- and Kesselwandferner 08.10.2010
<p>DTM_RegionHintereis_2010_r1.tif: DEM of Hintereis- and Kesselwandferner, acquisition date 08.10.2010 by airborne laser scan (ALS), cellsize 1x1 m, UTM WGS84, ellipsoid heights<br> DTM_RegionHintereis_2010_r1_gc.tif: Same as above but corrected for geoid heights.</p> <p>These DEMs are a 1x1 m version of the 10x10 m DEM from 08.10.2010 available on https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.875889</p> <p>Reference: Bollmann et al. 2015: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp.1852</p> <p>Data Source / Acknowledgement: The ALS data were provided by the Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Austria, financed by the project ‘Multiscale Snow/Icemelt Discharge Simulation into Alpine Reservoirs’ (MUSICALS).</p>
Biomass burning in the Neotropics is exposing migrating birds to elevated fine particulate matter concentrations
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: A unique risk faced by nocturnally migrating birds is the disorienting influence of artificial light at night (ALAN). ALAN originates from anthropogenic activities that can generate other forms of environmental pollution, including the emission of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>). PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations can display strong seasonal variation originating from natural and anthropogenic processes. How these processes affect seasonal associations with ALAN and PM<sub>2.5</sub> for nocturnally migrating birds has not been documented.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Western Hemisphere</p> <p><strong>Time</strong> <strong>period</strong>: 2021</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied</strong>: Nocturnally migrating passerine (NMP) bird species</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We combined monthly estimates of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ALAN with weekly estimates of relative abundance for 164 NMP species within the Western Hemisphere derived using bird observations from eBird. We identify groups of species with shared associations with PM<sub>2.5</sub>.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: PM<sub>2.5</sub> was lowest in North America, especially at higher latitudes during the boreal winter. PM<sub>2.5</sub> was highest in the Amazon Basin, especially during the dry season (August-October). ALAN was highest within eastern North America, especially during the boreal winter. For the NMP species, PM<sub>2.5</sub> associations reached their lowest levels during the breeding season (<10 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) and highest levels during the nonbreeding season, especially for species that winter in Central and South America (~20 μg/m<sup>3</sup>). Species that migrate through Central America in the spring encountered similarly high PM<sub>2.5 </sub>concentrations. ALAN associations reached their highest levels for species that migrate (~12 nW/cm<sup>2</sup>/sr) or spend the nonbreeding season (~15 nW/cm<sup>2</sup>/sr) in eastern North America.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: We did not find evidence that the disorienting influence of ALAN enhances PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure during stopover in the spring and autumn for NMP species. Rather, our findings suggest biomass burning in the Neotropics is exposing NMP species to consistently elevated PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations for an extended period of their annual life cycles. </p>
Herbivory and elevated levels of CO2 and nutrients separately, rather than synergistically, impacted biomass production and allocation in invasive and native plant species
<p><span>Large parts of the Earth are experiencing environmental change caused by alien plant invasions, rising atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), and nutrient enrichments. Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and nutrient concentrations can separately favour growth of invasive plants over that of natives but how herbivory may modulate the magnitude and direction of net responses by the two groups of plants to simultaneous CO<sub>2</sub> and nutrient enrichments remains unknown. In line with the enemy release hypothesis, invasive plant species should reallocate metabolites from costly anti-herbivore defences into greater growth following escape from intense herbivory in the native range</span><span>. Therefore, invasive plants should have</span><span> greater growth than natives </span><span>under simultaneous CO<sub>2</sub> and nutrient enrichments in the absence of herbivory. To test this prediction, we grew nine congeneric pairs of invasive and native plant species that naturally co-occurred in grasslands in China under two levels each of nutrient enrichment (low-nutrient vs. high-nutrient), herbivory (with herbivory vs. without herbivory) and under ambient (412 ± 0.6 ppm) and elevated (790.1 ± 6.2 ppm) levels of CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations in open-top chambers in a common garden. Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and nutrient enrichment separately increased total plant biomass, while herbivory reduced it regardless of the plant invasive status. High-nutrient treatment caused the plants to allocate a significantly lower proportion of total biomass to roots, while herbivory induced an opposite pattern. Herbivory suppressed total biomass production more strongly in native plants than invasive plants. The plants exhibited significant interspecific and intergeneric variation in their responses to the various treatment combinations. Overall, these results suggest that elevated CO2 and nutrients and herbivory may separately, rather than synergistically, impact productivity of the invasive and co-occurring native plant species in our study system. Moreover, interspecific variation in </span>resource-use strategies was more important than invasive status in determining plant responses to the various treatment combinations.</p>
Model output data to "Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: on the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high elevation catchment"
<p>We provide i) gridded initial conditions (.tif), ii) modeled gridded monthly outputs (.tif), and iii) modeled hourly outputs at the station locations (.txt) for the hydrological year 2019. Information about the variables and units can be found in the figures (.png) associated to each dataset. Details about the datasets can be found in the original publication by Buri and others (2023).</p><p> </p><p>Buri, P., Fatichi, S., Shaw, T. E., Miles, E. S., McCarthy, M. J., Fyffe, C. L., ... & Pellicciotti, F. (2023). Land Surface Modeling in the Himalayas: On the Importance of Evaporative Fluxes for the Water Balance of a High‐Elevation Catchment. <i>Water Resources Research</i>, <i>59</i>(10), e2022WR033841. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841"><strong>10.1029/2022WR033841</strong></a></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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