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986 results for “exchange”
Data from: Cavity-mediated collective spin-exchange interactions in a strontium superradiant laser
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Data from: Butterfly genome reveals promiscuous exchange of mimicry adaptations among species
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Physiological Control of Water Exchange in Anurans
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Data from: Vascular patterns in the heads of crocodilians: blood vessels and sites of thermal exchange
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Investigating gas-exchange performance between wheat landraces and commercial varieties
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Museomics for reconstructing historical floristic exchanges: Divergence of Stone Oaks across Wallacea
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NACP North American 8-km Net Ecosystem Exchange and Component Fluxes, 2004
This data set provides modeled carbon flux estimates at 8-km spatial resolution over North America for the year 2004 of (1) net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2), (2) net ecosystem production (NEP, the balance of net primary production and heterotrophic respiration), (3) stream evasion (CO2 emitted from streams and rivers), (4) emissions from harvested forest and agricultural products, and (5) emissions from biomass burning.Annual estimates, in g C/m2/year, are provided for all five fluxes. Daily estimates, in g C/m2/day, are provided for NEP and stream evasion fluxes. Fluxes for fire emissions, harvest decomposition/respiration, stream evasion, and NEP were derived as described in Section 5.NEE fluxes were estimated using a full bottom-up accounting of NEE produced by integrating emissions from harvested forest and agricultural products, CO2 emitted from streams and rivers, and biomass burning in the CarbonTracker (version 2011_oi) modeling system. NEE estimates were run in the forward mode through the CarbonTracker inversion setup that calculates CO2 uptake and release at the Earth's surface over time. Refer to Turner et al.(2013) for details.There are seven data files in NetCDF (.nc) format with this data set, including: five annual files for fire emissions, harvest decomposition/respiration, stream evasion, NEP, and NEE fluxes; and two daily files for NEP and stream evasion fluxes.
AirMOSS: L4 Modeled Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), Continental USA, 2012-2014
This data set provides Level 4 estimates of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of CO2 across the conterminous USA at a spatial resolution of 50 km. Modeled estimates are provided at hourly and monthly temporal resolutions, from January 2012 through October 2014. The AirMOSS L4 Regional NEE data were produced by the Ecosystem Demography Biosphere Model (ED2) augmented by the AirMOSS-derived L2/3 root zone soil moisture data as an additional input. The AirMOSS soil moisture data were used to estimate the sensitivity of carbon fluxes to soil moisture and to diagnose and improve estimation and prediction of NEE by constraining the model's predictions of soil moisture and its impact on above- and below-ground fluxes.
BOREAS TE-09 in Situ Diurnal Gas Exchange of NSA Boreal Forest Stands
The gas exchange data of the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Northern Study Area (NSA) were collected to characterize diurnal gas exchange and water potential of two canopy levels of five boreal canopy cover types: young and old jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), old aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), and lowland and upland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill) B.S.P.). These data were collected between 27-May-1994 and 17-Sep-1994. The purpose of this study was threefold: 1) to provide in situ gas exchange data that will be used to validate models of photosynthetic responses to light, temperature, and carbon dioxide (CO2); 2) to compare the photosynthetic responses of different tree crown levels (upper and lower), and 3) to characterize the diurnal water potential curves for these sites to get an indication of the extent to which soil moisture supply to leaves might be limiting photosynthesis.
CARVE Modeled Gross Ecosystem CO2 Exchange and Respiration, Alaska, 2012-2014
This data set provides 3-hourly estimates of gross ecosystem CO2 exchange (GEE) and respiration (autotrophic and heterotrophic) for the state of Alaska from 2012 to 2014. The data were generated using the Polar Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (PolarVPRM) and are provided at ~ 1 km2 [1/4-degree (longitude) by 1/6-degree (latitude)] pixel resolution. The PolarVPRM produces high-frequency estimates of GEE of CO2 for North American biomes from remotely-sensed data sets. For Alaska, the model used meteorological inputs from the North American regional re-analysis (NARR) and inputs of fractional snow cover and land surface water index (LSWI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Land surface greenness was factored into the model from three sources: 1) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from MODIS; 2) Solar Induced Florescence (SIF) from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2); and 3) SIF from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 (GOME-2). Three independent estimates of GEE are included in the data set, one for each source of greenness observations.
Tundra Plant Reflectance, CO2 Exchange, PAM Fluorometry, and Pigments, AK, 2001-2002
This dataset provides measurements at tundra plots collected near Utqiagvik and Atqasuk, AK, including visible-near infrared spectral reflectance, chamber gas exchange measurements of CO2, pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry, chlorophyll pigment contents, along with surface temperature, permafrost active layer depth, and soil temperature at 5 cm, through the growing seasons of 2001 and 2002. At all plots, spectral reflectance was measured using a portable spectrometer configured with a straight fiber optic foreoptic, surface temperatures were measured using a handheld Everest Infrared Thermometer, and thaw depth (or active layer depth) was measured using a metal rod graduated in centimeter intervals. At small plots (~15 cm) at Utqiagvik (referred to as Patch plots) chambers were constructed that enclosed an individual patch to determine photosynthetic rate and estimate respiration rate (made by covering the chamber in a dark cloth). Efficiency using PAM fluorometer, ambient yield estimations, and rapid light curve measurements were taken. Chlorophyll concentration was measured with a portable spectrometer configured as a spectrophotometer. At larger plots (approximately 1 m2) which were part of the International Tundra EXperiment (ITEX plots) at Utqiagvik (referred to as Barrow) and Atqasuk, a sub-sample of five control and five warmed plots at each site were fitted with 0.45 m diameter polyvinyl chloride collars for chamber flux measurements. To determine the total fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR), a series of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) measurements were made using a custom-made light bar consisting of a linear array of GaAsP sensors mounted within an aluminum U-bar under a white plastic diffuser. In addition, a visual estimate was made of the fraction of standing dead vegetation based on percent cover. The data are provided in comma-separated values (*.csv) format. In addition, photographs of plots and instruments are provided.
AirMOSS: L4 Daily Modeled Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), AirMOSS sites, 2012-2014
This data set provides Level 4 daily estimates of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of CO2 at a spatial resolution of 30 arc-seconds (~1 km) for seven of the sites covered by the Airborne Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface (AirMOSS) flights, each site spanning ~2500 km2. The daily NEE estimates are generally available from October 2012 through October 2014, although the exact time ranges vary by site. The AirMOSS L4 daily NEE were produced by the Ecosystem Demography Biosphere Model (ED2) augmented by the AirMOSS-derived L2/3 root zone soil moisture data as an additional input. The AirMOSS soil moisture data were used to estimate the sensitivity of carbon fluxes to soil moisture and to diagnose and improve estimation and prediction of NEE by constraining the model's predictions of soil moisture and its impact on above- and below-ground fluxes.
CMS: Modeled Net Ecosystem Exchange at 3-hourly Time Steps, 2004-2010
This data set provides global, gridded, model-derived net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 flux between the land and atmosphere at 3-hourly time steps over seven years (2004-2010) at three different spatial resolutions: 0.5 x 0.5 degree, 2.0 x 2.5 degrees, and 4.0 x 5.0 degrees (latitude/longitude). The 3-hourly data were derived from monthly NEE outputs of 15 global land surface models and four ensemble products in the Multi-scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP).
ABoVE: TVPRM Simulated Net Ecosystem Exchange, Alaskan North Slope, 2008-2017
This dataset includes hourly net ecosystem exchange (NEE) simulated by the Tundra Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (TVPRM) at 30 km horizontal resolution for the Alaskan North Slope for 2008-2017. TVPRM calculates tundra NEE from air temperature, soil temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) using functional relationships derived from eddy covariance tower measurements. These relationships were then scaled over the region using gridded meteorology and a vegetation map. The site-level CO2 fluxes fell into two distinct ecosystem groups: inland tundra (ICS, ICT, ICH, IVO) and coastal tundra (ATQ, BES, BEO, CMDL). The expanded modeling framework allowed for the easy substitution of ecological behaviors and environmental drivers, including the choice of representative inland tundra site, coastal tundra site, vegetation map (CAVM, RasterCAVM, or ABoVE-LC), meteorological reanalysis product (NARR or ERA5), and SIF product (GOME2, GOSIF, or CSIF). Using all of these variations generated an ensemble of 288 different TVPRM simulations of regional CO2 flux and one additional simulation option with added aquatic and zero curtain fluxes (AqZC).
Carbon Monitoring System Carbon Flux from the Net Biome Exchange L4 V2 (CMSFluxNBE) at GES DISC
This dataset provides the Carbon Flux from the Net Biome Exchange.The NASA Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) is designed to make significant contributions in characterizing, quantifying, understanding, and predicting the evolution of global carbon sources and sinks through improved monitoring of carbon stocks and fluxes. The System will use the full range of NASA satellite observations and modeling/analysis capabilities to establish the accuracy, quantitative uncertainties, and utility of products for supporting national and international policy, regulatory, and management activities. CMS will maintain a global emphasis while providing finer scale regional information, utilizing space-based and surface-based data and will rapidly initiate generation and distribution of products both for user evaluation and to inform near-term policy development and planning.
Carbon Monitoring System Carbon Flux from the Net Biome Exchange Prior L4 V2 (CMSFluxNBEPrior) at GES DISC
This dataset provides the Carbon Flux from the Net Biome Exchange Prior.The NASA Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) is designed to make significant contributions in characterizing, quantifying, understanding, and predicting the evolution of global carbon sources and sinks through improved monitoring of carbon stocks and fluxes. The System will use the full range of NASA satellite observations and modeling/analysis capabilities to establish the accuracy, quantitative uncertainties, and utility of products for supporting national and international policy, regulatory, and management activities. CMS will maintain a global emphasis while providing finer scale regional information, utilizing space-based and surface-based data and will rapidly initiate generation and distribution of products both for user evaluation and to inform near-term policy development and planning.
Alaska's Changing YK Delta: Knowledge Exchange between Elders and Geoscientists, 2018
This dataset provides a booklet documenting the discussions and outcomes from a knowledge-exchange meeting with Yup'ik elders from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), western Alaska, community members, and natural scientist to discuss landscape and weather changes that have been observed in their homelands. The meeting was held during November 14-16, 2018. Yup'ik participants represented several YKD villages that occupy very different biophysical environments, and they have lifelong perspectives of environmental conditions and change that predate the era of Earth-observing satellites by many decades. Nearly 16 hours of discussion and testimonials from YKD elders were recorded during the meeting. The booklet is structured according to the environmental change processes that were discussed (e.g., coastal flooding, permafrost thaw, shrub expansion, climate change) and includes narrative summaries, quotations from participants, graphical illustrations, and examples of the field- and remote-sensing-based scientific findings, and map products developed as part of the larger ABoVE project.
LBA-ECO CD-02 Leaf Level Gas Exchange, Chemistry, and Isotopes, Amazonia, Brazil
This data set reports leaf gas flux and leaf properties from samples collected from trees, liana, pasture saplings, and pasture grass located at eight different sampling locations in the states of Para (south of Santarem) and Amazonas (near Manaus) from November 1999 through December 2003. Data are reported on photosynthesis measurements, CO2 response curves, light response curves, humidity response curves, and stomatal responses to variations of the leaf-to-air water vapor mole fraction deficit. Leaf weight, carbon and nitrogen concentrations as well as stable isotope signatures for 13C and 15N are reported for a subset of the samples. There is one comma-delimited ASCII data file with this data set.
BOREAS TE-04 Gas Exchange Data from Boreal Tree Species
Measurements of light, CO2, temperature, and humidity response curves were made by the BOREAS TE-04 team during the summary of 1994 using intact attached leaves of boreal forest species located in the BOREAS SSA. These measurements were conducted to calibrate models used to predict photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and leaf respiration. The data can be used to construct plots of response functions or for parameterizing models. Parameter values suitable for application in SiB2 (Sellers et al., 1996) or the leaf model of Collatz et al. (1991) and programs can be obtained from the investigators.
ISLSCP II Air-Sea Carbon Dioxide Gas Exchange
This data set contains the calculated net ocean-air carbon dioxide (CO2) flux and sea-air CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) difference. The estimates are based on approximately one million measurements made for the pCO2 in surface waters of the global ocean since the International Geophysical Year, 1956-1959. Only the ocean water pCO2 values measured using direct gas-seawater equilibration methods were used. The results represent the climatological distributions under non-El Nino conditions. Since the measurements were made in different years, during which the atmospheric pCO2 was increasing, they were corrected to a single reference year (arbitrarily chosen to be 1995) on the basis of the following assumptions: -Surface waters in subtropical gyres mix vertically at slow rates with subsurface waters due to the presence of strong stratification at the base of the mixed layer. This will allow a long contact time with the atmosphere to exchange CO2. Therefore, their CO2 chemistry tends to follow the atmospheric CO2 increase. Accordingly, the pCO2 measured in a given month and year is corrected to the same month of the reference year 1995 using changes in the atmospheric CO2 concentration occurred during this period.-Oceanic pCO2 measurements made after the beginning of 1979 have been corrected to 1995 using the atmospheric CO2 concentration data from the GLOBALVIEW-CO2 database (2000), in which the zonal mean atmospheric concentrations (for each 0.05 in sine of latitude) within the planetary boundary layer are summarized for each month since 1979 to 2000.-Pre-1979 oceanic pCO2 data were corrected to 1979 using the annual mean trend for the global mean atmospheric CO2 concentration constructed from the Mauna Loa data of Keeling and Whorf (2000), and then from 1979 to 1995 using the GLOBALVIEW-CO2 database. -Measurements for pCO2 made in the following areas have been corrected for the time of observation; 45 degrees N, 50 degrees S, in the Atlantic Ocean, north of 50 degrees S in the Indian Ocean, 40 degrees N, 50 degrees S in the western Pacific west of the date line, and 40 degrees N, 60 degrees S, in the eastern Pacific east of the date line.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.