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opennotspecifiedDec 2007View details →

FIGURE 1. a in Archives of a small planet: The significance of museum collections and museumbased research in invertebrate taxonomy*

FIGURE 1. a) Jar on the right contains the unsorted arthropods from one night's blacklight trap collection. Insects preserved in alcohol. Jar on left contains specimens which have undergone preliminary sorting to group or species. The white jar top has an alcohol-tight seal that prevents drying out of the contents. US quarter coin for scale. b) Richard Hoffman, VMNH Curator of Recent Invertebrates, identifying and curating insects in his laboratory. c) One drawer of the identified curated VMNH insect collection, stored in Cornell drawers and arranged phylogenetically and geographically to make retrieval easy. d) Types in VMNH arthropod collection. Jars with gold colored tops contain holotypes. Red topped jars are paratype specimens. e) View of some of the VMNH insect collection which is stored in modern steel cabinets that keep specimens dust and pest free.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Molecular detection of invertebrate prey in vertebrate diets: trophic ecology of Caribbean island lizards

Understanding community assembly and population dynamics frequently requires detailed knowledge of food web structure. For many consumers, obtaining precise information about diet composition has traditionally required sacrificing animals or other highly invasive procedures, generating tension between maintaining intact study populations and knowing what they eat. We developed 16S mitochondrial DNA sequencing methods to identify arthropods in the diets of generalist vertebrate predators without requiring a blocking primer. We demonstrate the utility of these methods for a common Caribbean lizard that has been intensively studied in the context of small island food webs: Anolis sagrei (a semi-arboreal 'trunk-ground' anole ecomorph). Novel PCR primers were identified in silico and tested in vitro. Illumina sequencing successfully characterized the arthropod component of 168 faecal DNA samples collected during three field trips spanning 12 months, revealing 217 molecular operational taxonomic units (mOTUs) from at least nine arthropod orders (including Araneae, Blattodea, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera and Orthoptera). Three mOTUs (one beetle, one cockroach and one ant) were particularly frequent, occurring in ≥50% of samples, but the majority of mOTUs were infrequent (180, or 83%, occurred in ≤5% of samples). Species accumulation curves showed that dietary richness and composition were similar between size-dimorphic sexes; however, female lizards had greater per-sample dietary richness than males. Overall diet composition (but not richness) was significantly different across seasons, and we found more pronounced interindividual variation in December than in May. These methods will be generally useful in characterizing the diets of diverse insectivorous vertebrates.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Supplementary material 7 from: {"en": "Buchner D, Haase P, Leese F (2021) Wet grinding of invertebrate bulk samples – a scalable and cost-efficient protocol for metabarcoding and metagenomics. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 5: e67533. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.5.67533"}

Figure S2. Baseline-corrected amplification curves (left half) and melting -curves (right half) for A & B) kick-net samples and C & D) malaise trap samples

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Longitudinal variation in the nutritional quality of basal food sources and its effect on invertebrates and fish in subalpine rivers

1. There is growing recognition of the importance of food quality over quantity for aquatic consumers. In streams and rivers, most previous studies considered this primarily in terms of the quality of terrestrial leaf litter and importance of microbial conditioning. However, many recent studies suggest that algae are a more nutritional food source for riverine consumers than leaf litter. To date, few studies have quantified longitudinal shifts in the nutritional quality of basal food resources in river ecosystems and how these may affect consumers. 2. We conducted a field investigation in a subalpine river ecosystem in Austria to investigate longitudinal variations in diet quality of basal food sources (submerged leaves and periphyton) and diet source dependence of stream consumers (invertebrate grazers, shredders, filterers and predators, and fish). Fatty acid (FA) profiles of basal food sources and their consumers were measured. 3. Our results indicate systematic differences between the FA profiles of terrestrial leaves and aquatic biota, i.e., periphyton, invertebrates and fish. Submerged leaves contained very low proportions of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), which were conversely rich in aquatic biota. While the FA composition of submerged leaves remained similar among sites, the LC-PUFA of periphyton increased longitudinally, which was associated with increasing nutrients from upstream to downstream. 4. Longitudinal variations in periphyton LC-PUFA were reflected in the LC-PUFA of invertebrate grazers and shredders, and further tracked by invertebrate predators and fish. However, brown trout (Salmo trutta) contained a large proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω3), a LC-PUFA almost entirely missing in basal sources and invertebrates. The fish accumulated eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω3) from invertebrate prey and may use this FA to synthesize DHA. 5. Our results provide a nutritional perspective for river food web studies, emphasizing the importance of algal resources to consumer somatic growth and the need to account for the longitudinal shifts in the quality of these basal resources.

Figure 7 in A zoologist's perspective on Robert Hooke's Micrographia (1665) studies of marine and terrestrial invertebrates, and his contemplations on invertebrate "generation" and mutability

Figure 7. Several individuals of the free-living nematode Turbatrix aceti (Müller) (Nemata: Secernentea: Rhabdita: Panagrolaimidae). Engraving reproduced by permission of the Rare Book and Manuscript Library of the University of Pennsylvania.

Figure 6 in A zoologist's perspective on Robert Hooke's Micrographia (1665) studies of marine and terrestrial invertebrates, and his contemplations on invertebrate "generation" and mutability

Figure 6. Dorsal and ventral aspects of an astigmatid mite of the genus Tyrophagus (Chelicerata: Arachnida: Acari), probably T. longior (Gervais). Engraving reproduced by permission of the Rare Book and Manuscript Library of the University of Pennsylvania.

Figure 5. A in A zoologist's perspective on Robert Hooke's Micrographia (1665) studies of marine and terrestrial invertebrates, and his contemplations on invertebrate "generation" and mutability

Figure 5. A pseudoscorpion, Chelifer cancroides (L.) (Chelicerata: Arachnida: Pseudoscorpionida). Engraving reproduced by permission of the Rare Book and Manuscript Library of the University of Pennsylvania.

Figure 4 in A zoologist's perspective on Robert Hooke's Micrographia (1665) studies of marine and terrestrial invertebrates, and his contemplations on invertebrate "generation" and mutability

Figure 4. An oribatid mite of the family Oribatulidae, very likely Phauloppia lucorum (Koch). Engraving reproduced by permission of the Rare Book and Manuscript Library of the University of Pennsylvania.

Figure 3 in A zoologist's perspective on Robert Hooke's Micrographia (1665) studies of marine and terrestrial invertebrates, and his contemplations on invertebrate "generation" and mutability

Figure 3. Dorsal and ventral aspects of the same male individual of a harvestman (Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Opiliones), most likely Leiobunum rotundum (Latreille). Engraving reproduced by permission of the Rare Book and Manuscript Library of the University of Pennsylvania.

Figure 1 in A zoologist's perspective on Robert Hooke's Micrographia (1665) studies of marine and terrestrial invertebrates, and his contemplations on invertebrate "generation" and mutability

Figure 1. (A) Spongin fibre skeleton of a marine sponge (phylum Porifera) of indeterminate genus or species, but most likely either Spongia or Hippospongia (Family Spongiidae: Order Dictyoceratida: Class Demospongiae). (B, C) The skeletal remains of a colony of Flustra foliacea L. (Phylum Ectoprocta), a colonial marine animal. Note Hooke's use of a scale line in (C). Engravings reproduced by permission of the Rare Book and Manuscript Library of the University of Pennsylvania.

Figure 2 in A zoologist's perspective on Robert Hooke's Micrographia (1665) studies of marine and terrestrial invertebrates, and his contemplations on invertebrate "generation" and mutability

Figure 2. The mouth, including the horny jaw, of a helicid snail, very likely Cornu aspersum (Müller). Engraving reproduced by permission of the Rare Book and Manuscript Library of the University of Pennsylvania.

opennotspecifiedNov 2010View details →

Figure 2 in A quantitative survey of the aquatic invertebrate community in the "Monumento natural Salar de Surire" on the Chilean Altiplano

Figure 2. Interaction plot from the two-way ANOVA, including site (three levels) and year (four levels) as factors, and the Shannon diversity index of aquatic invertebrates (log-transformed) as the response variable. The "hot spring" site was not included in this analysis since it never yielded more than one species (i.e. zero diversity). See Results for details.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: van Deurs M, Moran NP, Schreiber Plet-Hansen K, Dinesen GE, Azour F, Carl H, Møller PR, Behrens JW (2021) Impacts of the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) on benthic invertebrate fauna: a case study from the Baltic Sea. NeoBiota 68: 19-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.68.67340

S1. Sampling Areas (Figure S1); S2. Taxonomic Groupings S1; S3. Model Specifications (Table S2); S4. Sensitivity Analyses (Table S3, Figure S2)

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Tourism and urban development as drivers for invertebrate diversity loss on tropical islands

Oceanic islands harbour a disproportionately high number of endemic and threatened species. Rapidly growing human populations and tourism are posing an increasing threat to island biota, yet the ecological consequences of these human land uses on small oceanic island systems have not been quantified. Here, we investigated and compared the impact of tourism and urban island development on ground-associated invertebrate biodiversity and habitat composition on oceanic islands. To disentangle tourism and urban land uses, we investigated Indo-Pacific atoll islands, which either exhibit only tourism or urban development, or remain uninhabited. Within the investigated system, we show that species richness, abundance, and Shannon diversity of the ground-associated invertebrate community are significantly decreased on islands used for tourism and on islands with urban development, relative to uninhabited islands. Remote-sensing-based spatial data suggests that habitat fragmentation and a reduction in vegetation density are having significant effects on biodiversity on urban islands, whereas land use/ cover changes could not be linked to the documented biodiversity loss on tourist islands. This offers first direct evidence for a major terrestrial invertebrate loss on remote oceanic islands due to different human land uses with yet unforeseeable long-term consequences for the stability and resilience of oceanic island ecosystems.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Freshwater invertebrates characteristics data

The Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment (FADA) project estimated that freshwater animal species represent 9.5% of the 1.2 million species described. Knowing that freshwater represents only 0.01% of the earth's surface, these wetlands are suitable habitats for a great part of the world's total biodiversity. However, it has been shown that there is a lack of knowledge on these species, including freshwater invertebrates. Nevertheless, they play a key role in the majority of freshwater ecosystems and in their foodweb networks. Freshwater invertebrates are the food resource of many species such as fish and birds. The knowledge of their morphological, energetic and nutritive characteristics allows a better understanding of their selection by predators (size, energy intake, etc.), but also lead to improve of wetland management. Although information about freshwater invertebrates exists in the literature, they are generally heterogeneous, dispersed and difficult to collect. To facilitate the accessibility of these data and thus optimize and accelerate research projects including freshwater invertebrates, we propose a literature review describing 14 morphological and nutritive characteristics (size, dry weight, gross energy, crude protein, etc.) for 656 taxa of freshwater invertebrates. This dataset is review from 104 publications from 1935 to 2020, compiling 14 characteristics when available (size, dry weight, gross energy, crude protein, etc.) for 656 taxa of freshwater invertebrates.

FIGURE 24. Mirzaiella asiatica Basir, 1942 in Nematode parasites of invertebrates from Manipur, North East India (Diagnosis, keys and illustration)

FIGURE 24. Mirzaiella asiatica Basir, 1942: A—Female anterior end, B—Female posterior end (lateral view), C—Female cephalicd end, D—Male anterior end, E—Male posterior end (lateral view), F—Male cephalic end, G—Male posterior end (ventral view), H—Eggs (Shah, 2008).

FIGURE 23 in Nematode parasites of invertebrates from Manipur, North East India (Diagnosis, keys and illustration)

FIGURE 23. Photomicrographs of Chitwoodiella longicardia Shah, 2008: A—Female entire (lateral view), B—Female anterior end showing prominent annulations in cervical region and in buccal cavity, C—Female oesophageal bulb and intestine showing modified cardia, D—Magnified and cut-open view of female oesophagus showing corpus, nerve ring, bulb and modified & elongated cardia, E—Eggs showing egg filaments joining one another, F—Male entire (lateral view), G—Male posterior end (ventral view).

FIGURE 21 in Nematode parasites of invertebrates from Manipur, North East India (Diagnosis, keys and illustration)

FIGURE 21. Photomicrographs of Binema mirzaia Basir, 1942 (A–F) and Binema anulinervus Shah & Rizvi,2004 (G–K): A—Female cephalic annulation, B—Female gonads, C—Entire male (Lateral view), D—Male posterior end showing spicule and papillae, E—Eggs (internal), F—Eggs (outer shell), G—Male entire (Lateral view), H—Male posterior end showing papillae (ventral view), Portion of female oesophagus showing ring like structure in the middle of Isthmus, J—Female gonads (Lateral view), K—Eggs.

FIGURE 22. Chitwoodiella longicardia Shah, 2008 in Nematode parasites of invertebrates from Manipur, North East India (Diagnosis, keys and illustration)

FIGURE 22. Chitwoodiella longicardia Shah, 2008: A—Female anterior end, B—Female vulval region, C—Female posterior end (lateral view), D—Female cephalic end, E—Male cephalic end, F—Male oesophageal region, G— Male posterior end (lateral view under different focuses), H—Male posterior end (ventral view), I— Eggs

FIGURE 17. Binema korsakowi Sergiev, 1923 in Nematode parasites of invertebrates from Manipur, North East India (Diagnosis, keys and illustration)

FIGURE 17. Binema korsakowi Sergiev, 1923: A—Female anterior end (lateral view), B—Female vulval region (lateral view), C—Female posterior end (lateral view), D—Male cephalic end (lateral view), E—Male anterior end (lateral view), F— Male posterior end (lateral view), G—Female cephalic end (lateral view), H— Spicule (lateral view), I—Eggs (Shah & Rizvi, 2004).