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Figure 5: Language recognition as a receiving universal

The ordinary understanding of language is an example well-modeled by determination through a receiving universal. If the auditory input is in a language that the listener understands, that means there is an internal process triggered by the auditory signals that recognizes, interprets, and understands the input.

Figure 7: -"Action" as determination through a sending universal-Brain Functors: A mathematical model of intentional perception and action

Dual to the generic model of "perception" is the generic model of "action"–which is the determinative scheme given by a right semiadjunction. In the model of perception, there is the uninterpreted message as just a sensory input (the external het), and then there is the second level where the factorization (the internal hom) through the receiving universal recognizes the interpretation, meaning, or intentionality of the message. In the dual model of "action," the external het specifies the external behavior (which could be even a reflex behavior) while internal hom factoring through a sending universal that supplies the "intentionality" of the "action" (where an "action" is a "behavior" plus the second level of "intentionality"). In each case, we end up with a certain behavior but determined by two different means.

Figure 6: "Perception" as determination through a receiving universal-Brain Functors: A mathematical model of intentional perception and action

Before turning to right semiadjunctions, it might be useful to present a rather generic version of determination through a receiving universal as model of "recognition" or "perception" that captures many of the common features of the various examples. The determination through the receiving universal is the active internal process that supplies the "interpretation" or "intentionality" to the raw sense data. The red blotch is seen as a tomato; the sound "ya" is understood as indicating agreement, and so forth. In the passive/direct alternative, the raw sensory input supplies Lockean "perception" like writing on a blank slate or a stamp making an impression on wax.

Figure 3: Scheme for determination by a sending universal G(A)-Brain Functors: A mathematical model of intentional perception and action

The universal mapping property is: for every het d : X→A, there is a unique hom g(d) : X⇒G(A) in the sending category such that: eAg(d) = X⇒G(A)→A = X→A = d i.e., such that the determination through the universal sending het eA : G(A)→A preceded by the hom g(d) : X⇒G(A) is the same as the original het d : X→A.

Figure 2: Scheme for determination by a receiving universal F(X)

One of the most important concepts isolated by category theory (more basic than adjunctions) is the concept of a universal mapping property or UMP7 which models an important type of determination, determination through universals. With each sending object X in the sending category, there is an associated receiving universal F(X) in the receiving category, and there is a universal receiving het hX : X →F(X). The universal mapping property is: for every het d : X →A, there is a unique hom f(d) : F(X)⇒A in the receiving category such that: f(d)hX = X→F(X) ⇒A = X→A = d, i.e., such that the determination through the receiving universal het hX: X→F(X) followed by the hom f(d): F(X)⇒A  is the same as the original het d: X→A.

BRAIN Journal-Man versus Computer: Difference of the Essences. The Problem of the Scientific Creation-Figure 1. Geometrical figure "right triangle" as a material system. Points are universal joints.

However, the result of the creative activity can be easily tested (verified) by scientists. Example of the creative solution of the Euclid's V-th postulate is as follows (T.Z. Kalanov, 2011a). As is well known, the triangle is one of the most important figures in geometry and trigonometry. This figure as a material system can be constructed and studied as follows. 1. The triangle is constructed as is follows. If the sides of the angle are bound up with the rectilinear segment, then the synthesized system (the constructed geometrical figure)  AOB is called triangle (Figure 1).

BRAIN Journal-Personality Questionnaires as a Basis for Improvement of University Courses in Applied Computer Science and Informatics-Figure 5. Hierarchical clustering by scores across the EPQ–R scales for data about all the participants

The clusters were generated using an implementation of a hierarchical clustering algorithm available in the R environment (R, n.d.). The top three clusters were extracted from a hierarchical cluster tree shown in Figure 5, while the color of data points in the visualization shown in figure 4 was determined based on cluster labels. Hierarchical clusters could be used when investigating which students in the analyzed sample share similar personality traits. This could be especially useful for smaller student groups as the teacher may manually inspect the cluster tree and its leaves, which designate individual students. For instance, there are three students in cluster 3, who are represented within the tree in Figure 5 by identifiers 14, 22, and 24. The students with identifiers 14 and 22 are more closely linked and more similar to each other than to the student with identifier 24.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2018View details →

BRAIN Journal-Personality Questionnaires as a Basis for Improvement of University Courses in Applied Computer Science and Informatics-Figure 2. Comparison of mean scores on the EPQ–R scales

The data for the workshop participants were loaded from the data warehouse, while the summary data from the original EPQ–R study were loaded from a CSV file. The bar chart featured in Figure 2 shows mean scores on the EPQ–R scales for the selected workshop participants (denoted by blue bars) and the selected participants of the original EPQ–R study (denoted by yellow bars). The mean scores on the P scale agree between the two samples, but the overall scores for the other scales vary.

BRAIN Journal-Personality Questionnaires as a Basis for Improvement of University Courses in Applied Computer Science and Informatics-Figure 4. Radial visualization of scores across the EPQ–R scales for clustered data about all the participants

On the other hand, the division of data points by gender might not be the only useful strategy when visually inspecting the analyzed sample in a coordinate system. Numerous clustering algorithms may be used to determine which data points share similar scores across the EPQ–R scales, i.e., which data points belong to the same cluster of similar entities based on their corresponding EPQ–R scores. A radial visualization in which data points were organized into three clusters is given in Figure 4. Each cluster is marked by a different color: cluster 1 by red, cluster 2 by green, and cluster 3 by blue.

BRAIN Journal-Pros and Cons Gamification and Gaming in Classroom-Figure 2. Course categories within UVAB University Moodle platform, (portal-eifr.ub.ro)

A study was conducted aiming to assess the impact of introduction of ranking block plugin as a gamification element within Moodle learning management system (Ranking block Moodle, 2017). We mention that the Moodle platform, version 3.2 is dedicated to extramural and distance learning. It supports various gamification elements such as avatars, badges, leaderboard, levels, displaying quiz results or progress bars. The ranking block plugin was introduced and configured to be available for procedural programming course activities, at the beginning of the first semester of 2016, which starts in October. It displays a course leaderboard visible to all users as a way of obtaining recognition from other users. It is based on points instead of badges and it can monitor included activities based on accumulated points. The experiment involved first year bachelor students in computer science (32 students, extramural education) from UVAB University (www.ub.ro) who are using the Moodle platform in their tutorial based activities. The main page of UVAB Moodle platform is presented in Figure 2.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2018View details →

BRAIN Journal-Personality Questionnaires as a Basis for Improvement of University Courses in Applied Computer Science and Informatics-Figure 3. Radial visualization of scores across the EPQ–R scales for the male and female participants

The radial visualization in Figure 3 depicts each participating student as a dot whose color indicates the gender of the student, blue for male students (M) and red for female students (F). The position of a dot in the visualization is determined by the scores of the associated student on the four EPQ–R scales. The radial overview may provide a much clearer outline of clustering within the analyzed group. Although there are only five female students, they are concentrated in a relatively narrow area within the radial coordinate system

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

The primordial magetic field in the local Universe

This  dataset contains the 3D structure of large scale magnetic fields in the local Universe, which were seeded by density perturbations during the radiation dominated epoch  and later on were evolved by structure formation. This relies on three dimensional initial density fields inferred from the 2M++ galaxy compilation via the Bayesian algorithm. Using those, we estimate the magnetogenesis by the so called Harrison mechanism.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2016View details →

African University Presses

Dataset of university presses in Africa compiled for the research project "The African University Press in a Digital Age: Practices and Opportunities" [January 2015 to December 2017] supported by Carnegie Corporation of New York [grant number: D14118]. Data fields: UNIVERSITY PRESS, UNIVERSITY, COUNTRY, WEBSITE, EMAIL, GPS co-ordinates, CATALOGUE, PUBLICATION TYPES, OPEN ACCESS, MOST RECENT TITLE PUBLISHED, PRICE LIST, EBOOKS, EBOOK CHANNELS, ONLINE ORDERING, VISIBILITY, COPUBLICATIONS, DISTRIBUTOR 1, DISTRIBUTOR 2, DISTRIBUTOR 3

opencc-by-sa-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Data supporting "Universality of Free Fall Shown by Orbital Motion of a Pulsar in a Stellar Triple System"

This is a collection of data supporting the research paper "Orbital Motion of a Pulsar in a Stellar Triple System Shows Universality of Free Fall". The main data content (the ".tim" file) is a set of pulse arrival times, the primary input to the fitting process, in tempo2 format. These times are annotated with post-fit residuals and derivatives with respect to fit parameters using the tempo2 format's per-TOA flags. Additional files include the data that went into several figures, plus the above converted to CSV format - but note that the CSV format does not record the pulse arrival times with sufficient precision to permit fitting. Derivative and uncertainty information may permit reanalysis of the systematics.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2018View details →

Stable Modeling on Resource Usage Parameters of MapReduce Application-Department of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary

In Figure 5, the positive dependency of different strength between each resource usage parameter and the corresponding previous usage parameter is exhibited for all MapReduce applications. It indicates that all current resource usage parameters are positively dependent on the previous values to some extent degree. Except for these common dependencies, there exist some special dependencies for different applications. On the top-left panel of Figure 5, CPU usage of Pi application shows the strongest positive dependency to lagged CPU usage, the Teragen application had the weakest positive dependency, and others exhibit the moderate positive dependency.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2018View details →

University of Lausanne Institutional Open Access Survey Results

This dataset contains the anonymized responses of 796 researchers from the institution who completed the 2017 institutional survey on Open Access.

opencc-by-4.0May 2018View details →

PLD results with Archives of the Old University of Leuven: 22

Combination of screenshots with 'color' and 'sketch1' shader of Archives of the Old University of Leuven: 22 (KU Leuven University Archives), i.e. the front of the pendant seal of Emperor Charles V, rendered in PLDviewer 7.0.05.

opencc-zeroNov 2018View details →

Herbarium specimen image of Tectaria incisa, part of the collection of Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS, University of Helsinki

Part of a training dataset of scanned herbarium specimens. The data paper and a summary landing page will be published on Zenodo as it gets published. Content of this deposition: - A JSON-LD datafile listing the label data associated with this herbarium specimen. The Darwin and Dublin Core data standards are used for most values. - A JPEG image file of the scanned herbarium sheet. - A lossless TIFF image from which the JPEG image has been derived.

opencc-zeroNov 2018View details →

Herbarium specimen image of Pellaea rotundifolia, part of the collection of Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS, University of Helsinki