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7,920 results for “implications”
Data from: DNA metabarcoding reveals diet overlap between the endangered Walia ibex and domestic goats - implications for conservation
Human population expansion and associated degradation of the habitat of many wildlife species cause loss of biodiversity and species extinctions. The small Simen Mountains National Park in Ethiopia is one of the last strongholds for the preservation of a number of afro-alpine mammals, plants and birds, and it is home to the rare endemic Walia ibex, Capra walie. The narrow distribution range of this species as well as potential competition for resources with livestock, especially with domestic goat, Capra hircus, may compromise its future survival. Based on a curated afro-alpine taxonomic reference library constructed for plant taxon identification, we investigated the diet of the Walia ibex and addressed the dietary overlap with domestic goat using DNA metabarcoding of faecal samples. Faeces of both species were collected from different localities in the National Park. We show that both species are browsers, with forbs, shrubs and trees comprising the largest proportion of their diet, supplemented by grasses. There was a considerable overlap in dietary preferences. Several of the preferred diet items of the Walia ibex (Alchemilla sp., Hypericum revolutum, Erica arborea and Rumex sp.) were also among the most preferred diet items of the domestic goat. These results indicate that there is potential for competition between the two species, especially during the dry season, when resources are limited. Our findings, in combination with the expected increase in domestic herbivores, suggest that management plans should consider the potential threat posed by domestic goats to ensure future survival of the endangered Walia ibex.
Data from: Exploratory proteomic analysis implicates the alternative complement cascade in Primary CNS Vasculitis
Objective: To identify molecular correlates of primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) through proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a biopsy-proven patient cohort. Methods: Using mass spectrometry, the CSF proteome of biopsy-proven PACNS patients (n=8) was quantitatively compared to CSF from individuals with non-inflammatory conditions (n=11). Significantly enriched molecular pathways were identified using a gene ontology workflow, and high confidence hits within enriched pathways (fold change >1.5 and concordant Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted p-value <0.05 on DeSeq and t-test) were identified as differentially regulated proteins. Results: Compared to non-inflammatory controls, 283 proteins were differentially expressed in PACNS patient CSF, with significant enrichment of the complement cascade pathway (C4-binding protein, CD55, CD59, properdin, complement C5, complement C8 and complement C9) and neural cell adhesion molecules. A subset of clinically relevant findings was validated by western blot and commercial ELISA. Conclusions: In this exploratory study we found evidence of deregulation of the alternative complement cascade in CSF from biopsy-proven PACNS as compared to non-inflammatory controls. More specifically, several regulators of the C3 and C5 convertases and components of the terminal cascade were significantly altered. These preliminary findings shed light on a previously unappreciated similarity between PACNS and systemic vasculitides, especially Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. The therapeutic implications of this common biology, and the diagnostic and/or therapeutic utility of individual proteomic findings warrant validation in larger cohorts.
Data from: Morphometric analysis of graphoglyptid trace fossils in two dimensions: implications for behavioral evolution in the deep sea
Graphoglyptids are deep-marine trace fossils, often found preserved as casts in positive relief on the base of turbidites. Previous analyses of the behavioral evolution of graphoglyptids suggested they were slowly diversifying, becoming optimized, and getting smaller over time until the Late Cretaceous, when a sudden increase in diversification occurred. This current study quantifies the morphology of approximately 400 different graphoglyptid specimens, ranging in age from the Cambrian to the present, in order to evaluate the behavioral evolutionary interpretations made previously. Results from this study indicate that although some general evolutionary patterns can be discerned, they are not as straightforward as previously reported. Different topological categories of trace fossils represent organisms' responses to evolutionary pressures in unique ways. While burrow widths of meandering traces were becoming smaller over time, as predicted by previous workers, the burrow widths of the network traces were becoming smaller only until the Late Cretaceous, when they started to get larger again. The times of significant evolutionary changes in behavior were not consistent among various topological categories, with some morphological features being affected in the Late Cretaceous and others during the beginning of the Eocene. It is likely that the behavioral evolution of graphoglyptids was influenced by deep-marine global influences linked to climate change, glaciation, and deep-ocean warming. These influences affected each topological group uniquely, suggesting that different species or genera of trace makers were creating each of the topological categories. This is contrary to the hypothesis that all graphoglyptids were created by closely related species.
Data from: Flower preferences and pollen transport networks for cavity nesting solitary bees: implications for the design of agri-environment schemes
Floral foraging resources are valuable for pollinator conservation on farmland, and their provision is encouraged by agri-environment schemes in many countries. Across Europe, wildflower seed mixtures are widely sown on farmland to encourage pollinators, but the extent to which key pollinator groups such as solitary bees exploit and benefit from these resources is unclear. We used high-throughput sequencing of 164 pollen samples extracted from the brood cells of 6 common cavity nesting solitary bee species (Osmia bicornis, Osmia caerulescens, Megachile versicolor, Megachile ligniseca, Megachile centuncularis and Hylaeus confususi) which are widely distributed across the UK and Europe. We documented their pollen use across 19 farms in southern England, UK, revealing their forage plants and examining the structure of their pollen transport networks. Of the 32 plant species included currently in sown wildflower mixes, 15 were recorded as present within close foraging range of the bees on the study farms, but only Ranunculus acris L. was identified within the pollen samples. Rosa canina L. was the most commonly found of the 23 plant species identified in the pollen samples, suggesting that, in addition to providing a nesting resource for Megachile leafcutter bees, it may be an important forage plant for these species. Higher levels of connectance and nestedness were characteristic of pollen transport networks on farms with abundant floral resources, which may increase resilience to species loss. Our data suggest that plant species promoted currently by agri-environment schemes are not optimal for solitary bee foraging. If a diverse community of pollinators is to be supported on UK and European farmland, additional species such as Rosa canina should be encouraged to meet the foraging requirements of solitary bees.
Data from: EFHC1, implicated in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, functions at the cilium and synapse to modulate dopamine signaling
Neurons throughout the mammalian brain possess non-motile cilia, organelles with varied functions in sensory physiology and cellular signaling, yet their roles in these neurons are poorly understood. To shed light into their functions, we studied EFHC1, an evolutionarily conserved protein required for motile cilia function and linked to a common form of inherited epilepsy in humans, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). We demonstrate that C. elegans EFHC1 functions within specialized non-motile mechanosensory cilia, where it regulates neuronal activation and dopamine signaling. EFHC1 also localizes at the synapse, where it further modulates dopamine signaling in cooperation with the orthologue of an R-type voltage-gated calcium channel. Our findings unveil a previously undescribed dual-regulation of neuronal excitability at sites of neuronal sensory input (cilium) and neuronal output (synapse). Such a distributed regulatory mechanism may be essential for establishing neuronal activation thresholds under physiological conditions, and when impaired, may represent a novel pathomechanism for epilepsy.
Data from: Expression of parasite genetic variation changes over the course of infection: implications of within-host dynamics for the evolution of virulence
How infectious disease agents interact with their host changes during the course of infection and can alter the expression of disease-related traits. Yet by measuring parasite life-history traits at one or few moments during infection, studies have overlooked the impact of variable parasite growth trajectories on disease evolution. Here we show that infection-age-specific estimates of host and parasite fitness components can reveal new insight into the evolution of parasites. We do so by characterizing the within-host dynamics over an entire infection period for five genotypes of the castrating bacterial parasite Pasteuria ramosa infecting the crustacean Daphnia magna. Our results reveal that genetic variation for parasite-induced gigantism, host castration and parasite spore loads increases with the age of infection. Driving these patterns appears to be variation in how well the parasite maintains control of host reproduction late in the infection process. We discuss the evolutionary consequences of this finding with regard to natural selection acting on different ages of infection and the mechanism underlying the maintenance of castration efficiency. Our results highlight how elucidating within-host dynamics can shed light on the selective forces that shape infection strategies and the evolution of virulence.
New paleomagnetic results from the late Mesoproterozoic Luanshigou Formation, Shennongjia Group in south China and their implications for the Pre-Grenvillian connections between south China blocks and southwestern Laurentia
<p><span>Euler rotation parameters used in the reconstruction; Paleomagnetic results and LA-ICP-MS detrital zircon U-Pb data of the Luanshigou Formation.</span></p>
Figure 2 from: Zheng L-P, Geng Y-M (2024) Complete mitochondrial genome of Guigarra cailaoensis Wang, Chen & Zheng, 2022 (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) and its phylogenetic implications. ZooKeys 1190: 75-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1190.113808
Figure 2 Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) in mitogenomes of Guigarra cailaoensis.
Figure 3 from: Zheng L-P, Geng Y-M (2024) Complete mitochondrial genome of Guigarra cailaoensis Wang, Chen & Zheng, 2022 (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) and its phylogenetic implications. ZooKeys 1190: 75-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1190.113808
Figure 3 Secondary structures of 22 tRNA genes in Guigarra cailaoensis.
Figure 1 from: Zheng L-P, Geng Y-M (2024) Complete mitochondrial genome of Guigarra cailaoensis Wang, Chen & Zheng, 2022 (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) and its phylogenetic implications. ZooKeys 1190: 75-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1190.113808
Figure 1 Circular map of complete mitogenome of Guigarra cailaoensis.
Digital Appendix: The Size Distributions of Faults and Earthquakes: Implications for Orogen-Internal Seismic Deformation [Dataset]
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Leeuwin Current Dynamics in the SE Indian Ocean and Implications for Regional Surface Hydrography since the Latest Miocene: Results from ODP Hole 763A
<p>The main findings of this research are based on comprehensive analyses, including planktic foraminiferal census counts and their stable isotope ratios, as well as XRF analysis of bulk sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 763A in the southeastern Indian Ocean. We have documented valuable insights into the dynamics of the Leeuwin Current and West Australian Current, as well as changes in the surface hydrography and their implications for regional climate. The study established a teleconnection between the shallowing of the mixed layer in the southeast Indian Ocean and the aridity over Northwest Australia.</p>
Iron-Carbon Solid Solution under Shock Compression: Implications for the Carbon Concentration in Earth's Inner Core
<p>Dataset for "Iron-Carbon Solid Solution under Shock Compression: Implications for the Carbon Concentration in Earth’s Inner Core"</p>
Figure 1 from: Zhao W, Liu D, Jia Q, Wu X, Zhang H (2021) Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Myrmus lateralis (Heteroptera, Rhopalidae) and its implication for phylogenetic analyses. ZooKeys 1070: 13-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.72742
Figure 1 The relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) in the Myrmus lateralis mitogenome.
Figure 4 from: Zhao W, Liu D, Jia Q, Wu X, Zhang H (2021) Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Myrmus lateralis (Heteroptera, Rhopalidae) and its implication for phylogenetic analyses. ZooKeys 1070: 13-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.72742
Figure 4 Predicted secondary structure of the rrnL in the Myrmus lateralis mitogenome.
Figure 6 from: Zhao W, Liu D, Jia Q, Wu X, Zhang H (2021) Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Myrmus lateralis (Heteroptera, Rhopalidae) and its implication for phylogenetic analyses. ZooKeys 1070: 13-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.72742
Figure 6 The stem-loop of control region in the Myrmus lateralis mitogenome.
Figure 3 from: Zhao W, Liu D, Jia Q, Wu X, Zhang H (2021) Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Myrmus lateralis (Heteroptera, Rhopalidae) and its implication for phylogenetic analyses. ZooKeys 1070: 13-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.72742
Figure 3 Predicted secondary structure of tRNA genes in the Myrmus lateralis mitogenome.
Figure 5 from: Zhao W, Liu D, Jia Q, Wu X, Zhang H (2021) Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Myrmus lateralis (Heteroptera, Rhopalidae) and its implication for phylogenetic analyses. ZooKeys 1070: 13-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.72742
Figure 5 Predicted secondary structure of the rrnS in the Myrmus lateralis mitogenome.
Figure A1 from: Sánchez D, Vázquez-Benítez B, Vázquez-Sánchez M, Aquino D, Arias S (2022) Phylogenetic relationships in Coryphantha and implications on Pelecyphora and Escobaria (Cacteae, Cactoideae, Cactaceae). PhytoKeys 188: 115-165. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.188.75739
Figure A1 Continued.
Figure 8 from: Chen Z-T (2022) Comparative mitogenomic analysis of two earwigs (Insecta, Dermaptera) and the preliminary phylogenetic implications. ZooKeys 1087: 105-122. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1087.78998
Figure 8 Predicted structural elements in the control region of Diplatys flavicollis.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.