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9,882 results for “Scale”
Gas permeability through swelling porous media: Insights from coarse-grained pore-scale simulations
<p>CGMD data for gas transport in swelling porous media</p>
Supplementary: Observing the Southern US Honor Culture Using Large-Scale Social Media Analysis
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Scaled Amplitude for SPOD Mode 1 of a PIV Parameter Study on Unsteady Room Ventilation
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Data and SI movies of pore-scale CO2-brine interfacial mass transfer during imbibition
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Dataset for Cognitive and Relational Experience in Online Platforms: Scale Development and Validation (PLX)
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РИС. 6. Крючки глохидиев, поврежденные во времЯ подготовки к работе на СЭМ. А, В. При очистке методом мацерированиЯ [Beringiana beringiana, оЗ. Пернатое, о-в ПарамуШир, Курильские о-ва (А) и оЗ. Элергытгын, бассейн р. Хатырка, Камчатка (В)]. С. При очистке в растворе Щелочи [Anodonta anatina (=Colletopterum), оЗ. Арахлей, Забайкальский кр.]. D. Во времЯ суШки перед напылением [Anodonta anatina (=Colletopterum), р. Ирба, КрасноЯрский кр.]. МасШтаб 100 мкм (А–С), 10 мкм (D). Микроскопы Zeiss MERLIN (А, B), Zeiss EVO 40 (С, D), напыление хромом. FIG. 6. Hooks damaged during SEM preparation. A, B. By maceration cleaning [Beringiana beringiana, Pernatoe Lake, Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands (A) and Lake Elergytgyn, basin of the Khatyrka River, Kamchatka (B)]. C. By alkali cleaning [Anodonta anatina (= Colletopterum), Arakhley Lake, Zabaikalsky Krai]. D. By drying before sputter coating [Anodonta anatina (= Colletopterum), Irba River, Krasnoyarsk Krai]. Scale bars 100 μm (A–C), 10 μm (D). Zeiss MERLIN (A, B) and Zeiss EVO 40 (C, D) microscopes, sputter coating with chromium. in Методика подготовки раковин глохидиев (Bivalvia, Unionidae) длЯ работы на сканируюЩем Электронном микроскопе
РИС. 6. Крючки глохидиев, поврежденные во времЯ подготовки к работе на СЭМ. А, В. При очистке методом мацерированиЯ [Beringiana beringiana, оЗ. Пернатое, о-в ПарамуШир, Курильские о-ва (А) и оЗ. Элергытгын, бассейн р. Хатырка, Камчатка (В)]. С. При очистке в растворе Щелочи [Anodonta anatina (=Colletopterum), оЗ. Арахлей, Забайкальский кр.]. D. Во времЯ суШки перед напылением [Anodonta anatina (=Colletopterum), р. Ирба, КрасноЯрский кр.]. МасШтаб 100 мкм (А–С), 10 мкм (D). Микроскопы Zeiss MERLIN (А, B), Zeiss EVO 40 (С, D), напыление хромом. FIG. 6. Hooks damaged during SEM preparation. A, B. By maceration cleaning [Beringiana beringiana, Pernatoe Lake, Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands (A) and Lake Elergytgyn, basin of the Khatyrka River, Kamchatka (B)]. C. By alkali cleaning [Anodonta anatina (= Colletopterum), Arakhley Lake, Zabaikalsky Krai]. D. By drying before sputter coating [Anodonta anatina (= Colletopterum), Irba River, Krasnoyarsk Krai]. Scale bars 100 μm (A–C), 10 μm (D). Zeiss MERLIN (A, B) and Zeiss EVO 40 (C, D) microscopes, sputter coating with chromium.
Data for the article: Residual Flexural Performance of Large-Scale Ferronickel Slag Alkali-Activated Concrete Slabs After Fire Exposure
<p>Figures and related data for the article Residual Flexural Performance of Large-Scale Ferronickel Slag Alkali-Activated Concrete Slabs After Fire Exposure</p>
Improved snow darkening coefficient for large-scale albedo modelling with Crocus
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>Light-absorbing particles (LAPs) deposited at the snow surface significantly reduce its albedo and strongly affect the snow melt dynamics. The explicit simulation of these effects with advanced snow radiative transfer models can be associated with a large computational cost. Consequently, many albedo schemes used in snowpack models still rely on empirical parameterizations that do not account for the spatial variability of LAP deposition. In Gaillard et al. (2024), a new strategy of intermediate complexity that includes the effects of spatially variable LAP deposition on snow albedo was tested with the snowpack model Crocus. It relies on an optimization of the snow darkening coefficient that controls the evolution of snow albedo in the visible range. A global dataset of LAP-informed and spatially variable values of the snow darkening coefficient was constructed. The revised snow darkening coefficient improved snow albedo simulations at the ten sites considered in the study by 10%, with the largest improvements found in the Arctic (more than 25%). The uncertainties in the values of the snow darkening coefficient resulting from the inter-annual variability of LAP deposition on snow were also computed.</p> <p>The data are distributed in a NetCDF file (gamma<em>_tot_publish_v2.nc</em>). More details about the dataset and the file format are given in the file <em>readme_gamma_v2.pdf</em>. </p>
Adapting Psychosocial Scales to Measure Career Exit Factors in Colombian Women Engineers
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"Validity and Reliability Study of Anatomy Attitude Scale in Dental Students"
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Data from: Assessing urban-scale spatiotemporal heterogeneous metro station coverage using multi-source mobility data
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A Millimeter-Scale Change in Leaf Litter Placement Within Soil-Water Interfaces Alters Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emission
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U-Surf: a global 1km spatially continuous urban surface property dataset for kilometer-scale urban-resolving Earth system modeling
<p>High-resolution urban climate modeling has faced substantial challenges due to the absence of a globally consistent, spatially continuous, and accurate dataset to represent the spatial heterogeneity of urban surfaces and their biophysical properties. This deficiency has long obstructed the development of urban-resolving Earth System Models (ESMs) and ultra-high-resolution urban climate modeling, particularly at large scales. Here, we present a first-of-its-kind 1km-resolution present-day (circa-2020) global continuous urban surface parameter dataset – U-Surf. Using the urban canopy model (UCM) in the Community Earth System Model as a base model for developing dataset requirements, U-Surf leverages the latest advances in remote sensing, machine learning, and cloud computing to provide the most relevant urban surface biophysical parameters, including radiative, morphological, and thermal properties, for UCMs at the facet- and canopy-level. Our high-resolution U-Surf dataset significantly improves the representation of the urban land heterogeneity both within and across cities globally. U-Surf provides essential, high-fidelity surface biophysical constraints to urban-resolving ESMs, enables detailed city-to-city comparisons across the globe, and supports the next-generation kilometer-resolution Earth system modeling across scales. U-Surf parameters can be easily converted or adapted to various types of UCMs, such as those embedded in weather and regional climate models, as well as air quality models. The fundamental urban surface constraints provided by U-Surf are also relevant as features for machine learning models and can have other broad-scale applications for socioeconomic, public health, and urban planning contexts. We expect U-Surf to promote the research frontier on urban systems science, climate-sensitive urban design, and coupled human-Earth systems in the future.</p> <p>The complete list of parameters is presented in the table below.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Category</td> <td>Parameter</td> <td>Notes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Radiative</td> <td>Roof | Impervious | Pervious canyon floor | Wall emissivity</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Roof | Impervious | Pervious canyon floor | Wall albedo</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Morphological</td> <td>Roof | Pervious fraction</td> <td>Roof fraction is w.r.t. urban horizontal surface, and pervious fraction is w.r.t. canyon floor (i.e. pervious and impervious canyon floor).</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Building height</td> <td>Unit: m; Height of wind in the canyon is simply set as half of the building height in CLMU.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Canyon height-to-width ratio</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Urban percentage</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Thermal</td> <td>Roof | Wall thickness</td> <td>Unit: m</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Roof | Impervious canyon floor | Wall thermal conductivity</td> <td>Unit: W/m*K</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Roof | Impervious canyon floor | Wall volumetric heat capacity</td> <td>Unit: J/m^3*K</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Number of impervious canyon floor layer</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Minimum | Maximum interior building temperature</td> <td>Unit: K</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Air conditioning adoption rate</td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>Radiative and morphological parameters are presented in the format of both .tif and .nc to accommodate different needs for the urban climate modeling community. Thermal parameters adapted from CLMU are available in a single .nc file. A CESM-compatiable surface dataset and a time-variant urban dataset (including P_AC and T_BUILDING_MAX; Li et al., 2024) at standard resolution (0.9375°x1.25°) are included for direct simulation use. Note that the urban percentage used to create the surface dataset comes from the PCT_URBAN parameter calculated in U-Surf, but users can input their own urban extent data to generate a customized surface dataset. The raw 1-km data can be easily aggregated/regridded to other resolution as needed.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Version 1.1 updates:</strong></p> <p>1. Fill part of the data gaps in Asia. </p> <p>2. Change the aggregation method of some parameters to be facet-area weighted in the 1deg surfdata.</p>
Large-scale statistical learning for mass transport prediction in porous materials using 90,000 artificially generated microstructures
<p>Dataset and code used in B Prifling, et al, "Large-scale statistical learning for mass transport prediction in porous materials using 90,000 artificially generated microstructures", published in Frontiers in Materials. In this work, we investigate relationships between 3D microstructure and effective diffusivity and permeability, based on a dataset of 90,000 structures and using analytical formulas, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Herein, the codes in Matlab and Python/Tensorflow necessary to investigate the prediction models and reproduce the results of the paper are supplied. Also, microstructures together with their computed geometrical descriptors and effective properties are included.</p>
Linking biotic homogenisation with large-scale changes of species' associations
<p><span><span>This is the dataset used for the manuscript</span></span><em> Linking biotic homogenisation with large-scalechanges of species' associations</em></p> <p><span><span><b>Aim: </b><span>The impact of global change on biodiversity is commonly assessed in terms of changes in species distributions, community richness and community composition. Whether and how much associations between species, </span><i><span>i.e.</span></i><span> the degree of correlation in their spatial co-occurrence, </span><span>are also </span><span>chang</span><span>ing</span><span> is much less documented and mostly limited to local studies of ecological networks. </span><span>Here, we propose to quantify the large-scale patterns and changes of species' associations in bird communities</span><span> in relation to modifications in species composition</span><span>.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Location:</b><span> France.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Time period:</b><span> 2001-2017.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Major taxa studied:</b><span> Common breeding birds.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Methods: </b><span>We use network approaches to build three community-aggregated indices reflecting complementary aspects of species' associations. We characterise the spatio-temporal heterogeneity and dynamics of these indices using a large</span><span>-</span><span>scale</span><span> and high-resolution dataset of bird co-abundances of more than 100 species</span><span> monitored</span><span> for 17 years (2001-2017) from 1,969 sites across France. We </span><span>finally</span><span> test whether spatial and temporal changes in species association networks are related to species homogenisation estimated as the spatio-temporal dynamics of β-diversity</span><span>.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Results: </b><span>We document non-random spatial distribution of both structure and temporal changes in species association networks.</span><span> W</span><span>e </span><span>also </span><span>report a</span><span> directional change in </span><span>association-based</span><span> indices </span><span>with</span><span> β-diversity </span><span>modifications </span><span>in space and time, suggesting a hitherto overlooked aspect of biotic homogenisation affecting species' associations.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Main Conclusions: </b><span>Although species association networks are only approximations of species</span><span>'</span><span> interactions, our study highlights that</span><span> the modifications of</span><span> species association networ</span><span>ks </span><span>have to be considered</span><span>,</span><span> in addition to species </span><span>turnover</span><span>,</span><span> as biodiversity</span><span> fac</span><span>es </span><span>global change.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b>Keywords:</b> Avifauna, β-diversity, homogenisation, community, interaction network, species' association.</span></span></span></p>
Identifying relationships between multi-scale social-ecological factors to explore ungulate health in a Western Kazakhstan rangeland
<p>1. Rangelands are multi-use landscapes which are socially and ecologically important in different ways. Among other interactions, shared use of rangelands by wildlife and livestock can lead to disease transmission. Understanding wildlife and livestock health and managing disease transmission in rangelands requires an integration of social and ecological knowledge.</p> <p>2. Using the example of Western Kazakhstan, home to two types of ungulate hosts, the critically-endangered saiga antelopes, <i>Saiga tatarica</i>, and livestock, we conducted a cross-scale analysis of social-economic, ecological and climatic factors that contribute to transmission of diseases. We focused on Gastro-intestinal Nematodes (GINs) because they are transmitted between hosts that share pasture and they affect ungulate fitness. We used an interdisciplinary social-ecological methods approach which included conducting fecal egg counts of GINs in saigas and livestock, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with livestock owners and herders in the region, and triangulation of information through secondary sources.</p> <p>3. Livestock rearing was done in two ways a) village-based livestock and b) outlying farms. The latter overlapped more with saigas. Village-based livestock had significantly higher worm burdens than those on outlying farms, which had comparable burdens to saigas. Various factors exacerbate GIN prevalence and transmission: Veterinary services are minimal; both saiga and livestock numbers are increasing; and changing climate is increasing farmers' dependence on shared pastures for hay production. It will be crucial for saiga conservationists to engage in multi-pronged conservation interventions, which are evaluated and adapted through the lens of rural livelihoods and the livestock health on which they depend.</p> <p>4. <em>Synthesis and Application: </em>Our work provides researchers and practitioners with an avenue to better understand complex inter-relationships and plan interventions within rangelands, while viewing host health from an interdisciplinary perspective - ultimately working towards wildlife conservation whilst safeguarding livelihoods across the world's rangelands.</p>
Fig. 1 in First Japanese Record of the Black Margined-scale Sergeant Abudefduf nigrimargo (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from the Tokara Islands
Fig. 1. Color photograph of fresh specimen of Abudefduf nigrimargo from Suwanose Island, Tokara Islands, Japan (KAUM–I. 115057, 137.1 mm SL).
Figure 1 in First association of scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) with Salacia crassifolia (Mart. Ex Schult.) G. Don. (Celastraceae)
Figure 1. Pseudoparlatoria argentata associated with Salacia crassifolia in Brasilia, Brazil. a) S. crassifolia tree infested with diaspidids. b) Lower surface of leaf highly infested with diaspidids. c) Detail of the P. argentata scales.
Supplementary material to "Food and habitats requirements of the Scops Owl (Otus scops) in Switzerland revealed by very high-resolution multi-scale models"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>In Europe, agricultural practices have progressively evolved towards high productivity leading either to the intensification of productive and accessible areas or to the abandonment of less profitable sites. Both processes have led to the degradation of semi-natural habitats like extensive grasslands, threatening species such as the Eurasian Scops Owl <em>Otus scops</em> that rely on extensively managed agricultural landscapes. In this work, we aimed to assess the habitat preferences of the Scops Owl using habitat suitability models combined with a multi-scale approach. We generated a set of multi-scale predictors, considering both biotic and abiotic variables, built on two newly developed vegetation management and orthopteran abundance models. To select the variables to incorporate in a ‘best multi-scale model’, we chose the best spatial scale for each variable using univariate models and by calculating their relative importance through multi-model inference. Next, we built ensembles of small models (ESMs) at 10 different scales from 50 to 1000 m, and an additional model with each variable at its best scale (‘best multi-scale model’). The latter performed better than most of the other ESMs and allowed the creation of a high-resolution habitat suitability map for the species. Scops Owls showed a preference for dry sites with extensive and well-structured habitats with 30–40% bush cover, and relied strongly on semi-extensive grasslands covering at least 30% of the surface within 300 m of the territory centre and with high orthopteran availability near the centre (50-m radius), revealing a need for good foraging grounds near the nest. At a larger spatial scale within a radius of 1000 m, the habitat suitability of Scops Owls was negatively related to forest cover. The resulting ESM predictions provide valuable tools for conservation planning, highlighting sites in need of particular conservation efforts together with offering estimates of the percentage of habitat types and necessary prey abundance that could be used as targets in future management plans to ensure the persistence of the population.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Adamov EO, Rachkov VI, Kashirsky AA, Orlov AI (2021) Global outlook on large-scale nuclear power development strategies. Nuclear Energy and Technology 7(4): 263-270. https://doi.org/10.3897/nucet.7.74217
Global outlook on large-scale nuclear power development strategies
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.