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GPM Ground Validation Campaign Reports OLYMPEX V1

The GPM Ground Validation Campaign Reports OLYMPEX dataset consists of flight reports, weather forecasts, instrument reports, scientist summaries, and plan-of-day reports collected during the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX) field campaign to help support the ground validation of the GPM. These campaign reports were collected during the intense operating period which occurred during November 2015 to February 2016. The various campaign reports are available in PDF, JPG, PNG, and Microsoft Powerpoint and Word formats, some of which are located within tarred data files.

Monsoonal Arabian Sea measurements to validate OceanSat-2

Measurements made in the monsoonal Arabian Sea in 2009 to validate the Indian Satellite, OceanSat-2.

GPM GROUND VALIDATION NOAA SURFACE METEOROLOGICAL STATION MC3E

The GPM Ground Validation NOAA Surface Meteorological Station MC3E dataset was collected at the NOAA Southern Great Plains Facility for the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) and includes measurements of wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity and precipitation. The overarching goal was to provide the most complete characterization of convective cloud systems, precipitation, and the environment that has ever been obtained, providing constraints for model cumulus parameterizations and space-based rainfall retrieval algorithms over land that had never before been available. The instruments gathering this data were respectively a propeller wind monitor located 10 meters above the ground, a temperature and humidity sensor at the ground, and a tipping rain gauge at the ground. These data were collected from April 5, 2011 to June 7, 2011.

GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD Level III KARX IFloodS

The GPM Ground Validation NEXRAD Level III KARX IFloodS dataset contain precipitation products derived from selected NEXt Generation Weather RADar system (NEXRAD) radars in operation during the Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) field campaign to help support the ground validation of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM). NEXRAD is a network of 160 stationary S-Band radars dispersed throughout the United States and select locations abroad. Data were gathered from four NEXRAD stations in the vicinity of the IFloodS campaign during March 29, 2013 through June 18, 2013. This dataset contains data files of digital instantaneous precipitation rate (DPR) and storm total accumulation estimates (DTA) in NIDS binary format.

Multi-Radar/Multi-Sensor (MRMS) Precipitation Reanalysis for Satellite Validation Product IMPACTS V1

The Multi-Radar/Multi-Sensor (MRMS) Precipitation Reanalysis for Satellite Validation Product IMPACTS dataset contains reflectivity products using the MRMS system during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S. Atlantic Coast (2020-2023). The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. Data are available from January 1, 2022, through March 2, 2023, in netCDF-4 format.

JPL SMAP Level 2B Near Real-time (2Hr Latency) CAP Sea Surface Salinity V5.0 Validated Dataset

This is the PI-produced JPL SMAP-SSS V5.0, level 2B NRT CAP, validated sea surface salinity (SSS) and extreme winds orbital/swath product from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) observatory available in near real-time with a latency of about 6 hours. It is based on the Combined Active-Passive (CAP) retrieval algorithm developed at JPL originally in the context of Aquarius/SAC-D and now extended to SMAP. JPL SMAP V5.0 SSS is based on the newly released SMAP V5 Level-1 Brightness Temperatures (TB). An enhanced calibration methodology has been applied to the brightness temperatures, which improves absolute radiometric calibration and reduces the biases between ascending and descending passes. The improved SMAP TB Level 1 TB will enhance the use of SMAP Level-1 data for other applications, such as sea surface salinity and winds. The JPL SMAP-SSS L2B CAP NRT product includes data for a range of parameters: derived SMAP sea surface salinity, SSS uncertainty and wind speed/direction data for extreme winds, brightness temperatures for each radiometer polarization, ancillary reference surface salinity, ice concentration, wind and wave height data, quality flags, and navigation data. Each data file covers one 98-minute orbit (15 files per day). Data begins on April 1,2015 and is ongoing, with a 6 hour latency in processing and availability. Observations are global in extent and provided at 25km swath grid with an approximate spatial resolution of 60 km.The SMAP satellite is in a near-polar orbit at an inclination of 98 degrees and an altitude of 685 km. It has an ascending node time of 6 pm and is sun-synchronous. With its 1000km swath, SMAP achieves global coverage in approximately 3 days, but has an exact orbit repeat cycle of 8 days. On board Instruments include a highly sensitive L-band radiometer operating at 1.41GHz and an L-band 1.26GHz radar sensor providing complementary active and passive sensing capabilities. Malfunction of the SMAP scatterometer on 7 July, 2015, has necessitated the use of collocated wind speed for the surface roughness correction required for the surface salinity retrieval.

GPM GROUND VALIDATION PLUVIO PRECIPITATION GAUGE GCPEX

The GPM Ground Validation Pluvio Precipitation Gauge GCPEx dataset contains both one minute measurements and a cumulative record of the accumulation and intensity for liquid, solid, and mixed precipitation collected during the GPM Cold-season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx). GCPEx addressed shortcomings in the GPM snowfall retrieval algorithm by collecting microphysical properties, associated remote sensing observations, and coordinated model simulations of precipitating snow. GCPEx took place in Ontario, Canada uring the winter season of December 2011 through February 2012 where data was collected at five sites: CARE, Huronia, Steamshow, Skydive and Morton.

GPM GROUND VALIDATION NCAR CLOUD MICROPHYSICS PARTICLE PROBES MC3E V1

The GPM Ground Validation NCAR Cloud Microphysics Particle Probes MC3E dataset was collected during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E), which took place in central Oklahoma during the April-June 2011 period. The overarching goal was to provide the most complete characterization of convective cloud systems, precipitation, and the environment that has ever been obtained, providing constraints for model cumulus parameterization and space-based rainfall retrieval algorithms over land that had never before been available. The GPM Ground Validation NCAR Cloud Microphysics Particle Probes MC3E dataset was obtained from three instruments carried aboard the University of North Dakota (UND) Cessna Citation aircraft. These probes, the 2D-C, Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) and High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS-3), collected particle size distributions and particle images which were processed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Data were collected April 22, 2011 through June 2, 2011.

PACE validation of UV Aerosol Absorption Properties

Three Modified Yankee Multi-Filtered Rotating Shadow Band Spectrometers (M-MFRSR) will be deployed at three locations to measure UV aerosol absorption properties at 340nm and 380 nm. Aerosol parameters to be derived are single scattering albedo (SSA) and Aerosol Absorption Optical Depth (AAOD). Instruments will be deployed at operational Aerosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sites. AERONET derived information on aerosol optical depth (AOD), surface albedo, and particle size distribution (PSD) will be used as input to the inversion of M-MFRSR total (direct plus diffuse), diffuse, and direct (total â€" diffuse) multi-spectral planar irradiance measurements.

GPM GROUND VALIDATION NOAA S-BAND PROFILER RAW DATA SPC FORMAT MC3E

The GPM Ground Validation NOAA S-Band Profiler Raw Data SPC Format MC3E dataset is the S-band Profiler Raw dataset was saved in Vaisala SPC format. The numeric values in both formats are exactly the same. The overarching goal was to provide the most complete characterization of convective cloud systems, precipitation, and the environment that has ever been obtained, providing constraints for model cumulus parameterizations and space-based rainfall retrieval algorithms over land that had never before been available. The S-band Profiler Raw dataset in the proprietary Vaisala SPC format was gathered during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) in Oklahoma April 8, 2011 to June 7, 2011 and consists of uncalibrated Doppler velocity spectra data in units of relative power return. The S-band 2.8 GHz profiler points vertically and measures the backscattered power from raindrops and ice particles as precipitating cloud systems pass overhead. The profiler processes radar pulses during a 7-second dwell before calculating and saving uncalibrated Doppler velocity spectra at each range gate that were separated by 60-meters vertically. Data collected during each hour are saved in two files. All precipitation mode profiles are saved in one hourly data file and all attenuated mode profiles are saved in another hourly data file. Calibrated data can be obtained from the S-band Original Dwell and Minute datasets. Specialized read software may be purchased from Vaisala.

VIIRS Validation measurements

VIIRS Validation measurements.

GPM Ground Validation Dual-Frequency Dual-Polarized Doppler Radar (D3R) UCONN

10.5067/GPMGV/UCONN/D3R/DATA101

TRMM Ground Validation Radar Site Rain Rate Map L2 1 hour 2 km V7 (TRMM_2A53) at GES DISC

'Radar Site Rain Map', is an instantaneous surface rain rate map in Cartesian coordinates with a 2 km horizontal resolution. At single radar sites, the map covers an area of 300km x 300km. For the multiple radar site in Texas, the map covers a region of 724 km x 568 km, and in Florida 512 km x 704 km. A key component of the TRMM project is the Ground Validation (GV) effort which consists of collecting data from ground-based radar, rain gauges and disdrometers. The data is quality-controlled, and then validation products are produced for comparison with TRMM satellite products. The four primary GV sites are: + Darwin, Australia; + Houston, Texas; + Kwajalein, Republic of the Marshall Islands; + Melbourne, Florida. A significant effort is also being supported at NASA Wallops Flight Facility (WFF) and vicinity to provide high quality, long-term measurements of rain rates (via a network of rain gauges collocated with National Weather Service gauges), as well as drop size distributions (DSD) using a variety of instruments, including impact-type Joss Waldvogel, laser-optical Parsivel, as well as two-dimensional video disdrometers. DSD measurements are also being collected at Melbourne and Kwajalein using Joss-Waldvogel disdrometers.

VIIRS/NPP BRDF/Albedo Valid Observation Band M5 Daily L3 Global 30ArcSec CMG V002

The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and Albedo Valid Observation Band M5 product (VNP43D46) is produced daily using 16 days of data at 30 arc second (1,000 meter) resolution. Data are temporally weighted to the ninth day, which is reflected in the file name. The VNP43D product suite is provided in a Climate Modeling Grid (CMG), which covers the entire globe for use in climate simulation models. Due to the large file size, each VNP43D product contains just one data layer for each of the parameters included in the [VNP43MA2](https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP43MA2.002) product. VNP43D40 through VNP43D53 are the 30 arc second BRDF/Albedo Quality values, the Local Solar Noon values, the Valid Observations of the moderate resolution bands (M1 through M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11) plus the Day/Night Band (DNB), the Snow Status, and the Uncertainty. Details regarding methodology are available on the [VNP43MA2](https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP43MA2.002) product page and in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).VNP43D46 contains the valid observation quality layer representing each of the 16 days of the retrieval period for VIIRS band M5.Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue).Improvements/Changes from Previous Version* Improved calibration algorithm and better coefficients for entire Suomi NPP mission.* Improved geolocation accuracy and updates to fix outliers around maneuver periods and other events.* Corrections to the aerosol quantity flag (low, average, high) mainly over brighter surfaces in the mid to high latitudes such as desert and tropical vegetation areas. This has an impact on the retrieval of other downstream data products such as VNP13 Vegetation Indices and VNP43 BRDF/Albedo.* Improved cloud mask input product for corrections along coastlines and artifacts from use of coarse resolution climatology data.* Replaced the land/water mask input product with MODIS heritage seven class land/water mask.

OPERA Surface Displacement from Sentinel-1 validated product (Version 1)

The Level-3 OPERA Sentinel-1 Surface Displacement (DISP) product is generated through interferometric time-series analysis of Level-2 Coregistered Sentinel-1 Single Look Complex (CSLC) datasets. Using a hybrid Persistent Scatterer (PS) and Distributed Scatterer (DS) approach, this product quantifies Earth's surface displacement in the radar line-of-sight. The DISP products enable the detection of anthropogenic and natural surface changes, including subsidence, tectonic deformation, and landslides. The OPERA DISP suite comprises complementary datasets derived from Sentinel-1 and NISAR inputs, designated as DISP-S1 and DISP-NI, respectively. Each product, created per acquisition, adheres to a consistent structure, HDF5 file format, file-naming convention, and a 30 m spatial posting. This collection specifically includes DISP-S1 products, derived from Sentinel-1 data. DISP-S1 products provide spatial coverage across North America, encompassing the United States, U.S. territories within 200 km of the U.S. border, Canada, and mainland countries from the southern U.S. border to Panama. These products are generated from Sentinel-1 Interferometric Wide (IW) swath mode acquisitions starting in mid-2016.The OPERA DISP-S1 product contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2016-2025).

GPM Ground Validation NCAR Particle Probes IPHEx V1

The GPM Ground Validation NCAR Particle Probes IPHEx dataset consists of Ice Water Content (IWC), particle number concentration normalized by bin width, and total particle number concentration data that were collected from three particle probes onboard the University of North Dakota (UND) Citation II aircraft during the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Ground Validation Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx). These instruments include the PMS Two-Dimensional Cloud probe (2D-C), the SPEC Two-Dimensional Stereo probe (2D-S), and the SPEC High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer version 3 (HVPS-3). The IPHEx campaign took place in North Carolina with the goal of evaluating the accuracy of satellite precipitation measurements and using the collected data for hydrology models in the region. The campaign’s intense study period occurred from May 1 through June 15, 2014. All instruments are two-dimensional optical array probes which record images of particles that travel through the sampling area. The data files are available from May 9 through June 12, 2014 in ASCII format using the NASA Ames format specification. Browse images of instrument array 5-sec measurements are available in PNG format.

GPM GROUND VALIDATION NOAA PARSIVEL MC3E V1

The GPM Ground Validation NOAA Parsivel MC3E dataset was collected in central Oklahoma during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) from April 5, 2011 through June 6, 2011. The NOAA Parsivel dataset includes processed data consisting of either moment data (e.g., reflectivity and rain rate estimates) or raindrop number concentration estimates; the data provided a reference reflectivity to calibrate the S-band profiler during the experiment. The moment data includes 1-minute resolution estimates of rain rate, reflectivity, and other parameters related to the health of the Parsivel instrument. The raindrop number concentration data are also at 1-minute resolution and are the result of converting the observed raindrop passing the sensor into the number of raindrops expected in a unit volume per diameter interval. Both the moment data and the number concentration data were saved in daily files in ASCII format. Daily images were also generated from the Parsivel observations and contain the 1-minute reflectivity, rain rate, and number concentration N(D); browse images are saved in TIF format.

GPM Ground Validation C-band Ikaalinen (IKA) Radar LPVEx V1

The GPM Ground Validation C-Band Radar LPVEx datasets include radar reflectivity data from the Ikaalinen (IKA) dual-polarimetric C-Band Doppler radar in Finland during the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Light Precipitation Validation Experiment (LPVEx) field campaign. This radar, along with four others, provided reflectivity measurements for light precipitation systems during LPVEx. This field campaign took place around the Gulf of Finland, aiming to provide additional high-latitude, light rainfall measurements for the improvement of GPM satellite precipitation algorithms. The Ikaalinen C-Band Radar data files are available in RAW and UF format for October 19, 2010.

GPM Ground Validation Duke Microwave Radiometer (MWR) IPHEx

The GPM Ground Validation Duke Microwave Radiometer (MWR) IPHEx dataset consists of data collected by the MWR, which is a sensitive microwave radiometer that detects the microwave radiances at two frequencies: 23.8 and 31.4 GHz. The measurements are are used to determine the presence of vapor and liquid water molecules in the atmosphere along with other derived parameters. These data were obtained during the Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) field experiment, which was held in North Carolina with the goal to characterize warm season orographic precipitation regimes and the relationship between precipitation regimes and hydrologic processes in regions of complex terrain. These data are available for May 1, 2014 through June 15, 2014 and are in netCDF-3 format.

GPM GROUND VALIDATION NASA ER-2 NAVIGATION DATA MC3E

The GPM Ground Validation NASA ER-2 Navigation Data MC3E dataset contains information recorded by an on board navigation recorder (NavRec). In addition to typical navigation data (e.g. date, time, lat/lon and altitude) it contains outside meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, and temperature. These ASCII text files were recorded every second for the length of the flight. The Flight Summaries and Flight Track Imagery dataset which includes sonde maps, radar animation, and 5-minute KICT track snapshots is distributed with this dataset.