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2,644 results for “Jumping spider”
Figure 5 in Kleptoparasitic flies and jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)
Figure 5. Sepsid flies following salticids in Karnataka. 1-2, 4-5, Sepsid fly following an adult male Myrmarachne sp. 3, Detail of sepsid fly shown in (4). Note the rounded head. 5-7, Sequence showing approach and entry into the shelter of an adult female Telamonia dimidiata (Simon 1899) by a sepsid fly. Perhaps because of either their ant-like appearance or their chemical defense, sepsids may not be taken as prey by these salticids.
Figure 3 in Sticky floral stems and jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)
Figure 3. Arthropods that were able to avoid traps of Euphorbia (1-6, 8-9) and Plumbago zeylanica (7). 1, Red Pierrot butterfly, Talicada nyseus (Lycaenidae). 2, Tettigonid. 3, Bruchine beetle carrying pollen. 4, Crematogaster ants taking nectar. 5, Ghost ants, Tapinoma melanocephalum, taking nectar. 6, Geometrid caterpillar feeding on flower. Smaller geometrid caterpillars were also trapped on the sticky flower stems of Euphorbia. These caterpillars descend on silk lines (Sugiura & Yamazaki 2006) allowing some to avoid the sticky traps on flower stems. 7, A different geometrid caterpillar feeding on a Plumbago flower. This caterpillar was able to avoid the many mucilaginous trichomes surrounding each flower calyx. 8, Small mantid resting on a flower stem, possibly in danger of being trapped. 9, Thomisid spider resting on a Euphorbia cyathophyll.
Figure 6 in Sticky floral stems and jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)
Figure 6. Salticid spiders that avoided the sticky flower stems of Euphorbia. 1, Female Chrysilla volupe (Karsch 1879) resting on one of two red cyathophylls that surround a small flower. 2, Male cf. Hyllus semicupreus (Simon 1885) on lower stem. 3, cf. Carrhotus sp. (arrow) resting on stem below flower. 4, Female Chrysilla volupe (Karsch 1879) resting on lower leaf. 5, Male cf. Madhyattus jabalpurensis Prószyński 1992 on red cyanthophyll near dry or inactive flower. 6, cf. Carrhotus sp. on white cyathophyll near active (nectar-producing) flowers. Note the silk line extending to the upper left.
Fig. 6. Mogrus frontosus Simon, 1871. A–D in A new genus and three new species of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Sri Lanka
Fig. 6. Mogrus frontosus Simon, 1871. A–D. Male in life from Mandaitivu, Jaffna.
Fig. 8 in A new genus and three new species of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Sri Lanka
Fig. 8. Schenkelia aurantia sp. nov. A–D. Female in life from IFS Arboretum, Dambulla.
Figure 21 in First report of the Asian jumping spider Menemerus nigli (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini) in Brazil
Figure 21. Additional record of Menemerus nigli in the state of Rio de Janeiro (OCT 2017). This immature or female spider was found at site 2, on a wall of a house. Photography by Fernando Vinícius Gomes de Moraes, used with permission.
Figure 17 in First report of the Asian jumping spider Menemerus nigli (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini) in Brazil
Figure 17. Epigynum of two female Menemerus nigli from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1-2, Specimens in alcohol, with anterior toward the top of the page. 3-4, Ventral view of cleared epigynum. 5-6, Dorsal view of cleared epigynum.
Figure 1 in First report of the Asian jumping spider Menemerus nigli (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini) in Brazil
Figure 1. Known distribution of Menemerus nigli. The Brazilian sites (5, at lower left) are far removed from other localities where this species has been found in southern and southeastern Asia (1-4, at upper right).
Figure 29 in Model mimics: antlike jumping spiders of the genus Myrmarachne from Sri Lanka
Figure 29. Myrmarachne plataleoides in life. (A,C) male; (B,D) female.
Figure 23 in Model mimics: antlike jumping spiders of the genus Myrmarachne from Sri Lanka
Figure 23. Myrmarachne prava in life. (A–D) male from Nikaravatiya; (E) juvenile.
Figure 24 in Model mimics: antlike jumping spiders of the genus Myrmarachne from Sri Lanka
Figure 24. Myrmarachne prava in life. (A–D) female from Nikaravatiya.
Data for: Intraspecific variation in responses to aposematic prey in a jumping spider (Phidippus regius)
<p>Aposematic signals often allow chemically defended prey to avoid attack from generalist predators, including jumping spiders. However, not all individual predators in a population behave in the same way. Here, in laboratory trials, we document that most individual <em>Phidippus regius</em> jumping spiders attack and reject chemically defended milkweed bugs (<em>Oncopeltus fasciatus</em>), immediately releasing them unharmed. However, a small number of individuals within the population kill and completely consume these presumably toxic prey items. This phenomenon was infrequent with only 14% of our sample (17/122) consuming the milkweed bugs over the course of the study. Individuals that killed and consumed bugs often did so repeatedly; specifically, individuals that consumed a bug in their first test were more likely to kill a bug in their second test and also tended to consume them again. We explored what might drive some (but not all) individuals to consume these bugs and found that neither sex, sexual maturity, body size, laboratory housing type, nor being wild‐caught or being laboratory‐reared, predicted milkweed bug consumption. Consuming bugs had no negative effects on spider mass or body condition; contrary to expectations, individuals that consumed milkweed bugs actually gained more body mass and increased in body condition. We discuss potential behavioural and physiological variation between individuals that may drive these rare behaviours and the implications for the evolution of prey defences.</p>
Hemipteran defensive odors trigger predictable color biases in jumping spider predators
<p>Multimodal warning displays often pair one signal modality (odor) with a second modality (color) to avoid predation. Experiments with bird predators suggest these signal components interact synergistically, with aversive odors triggering otherwise hidden aversions to particular prey colors. In a recent study, this phenomenon was found in a jumping spider (<em>Habronattus trimaculatus</em>), with the defensive odor from a coreid bug (<em>Acanthocephala femorata</em>) triggering an aversion to red. Here, we explore how generalizable this phenomenon is by giving <em>H. trimaculatus</em> the choice between red or black prey in the presence or absence of defensive odors secreted from (1) eastern leaf-footed bugs (<em>Leptoglossus phyllopus</em>, Hemiptera), (2) grass stinkbugs (<em>Mormidea pama</em>, Hemiptera), (3) Asian ladybird beetles (<em>Harmonia axyridis</em>, Coleoptera), and (4) eastern lubber grasshoppers (<em>Romalea microptera</em>, Orthoptera). As expected, in the presence of the hemipteran odors, spiders were less likely to attack red prey (compared to no odor). Unexpectedly, the beetle and grasshopper odors did not bias spiders away from red. Our results with the hemipteran odors were unique to red; follow-up experiments indicated that these odors did not affect biases for/against green prey. We discuss our findings in the context of generalized predator foraging behavior and the functions of multimodal warning displays. </p>
Data from: The role of male coloration and ornamentation in potential alternative mating strategies of the dimorphic jumping spider, Maevia inclemens
Polymorphism can arise across taxa due to various selection pressures and potentially lead to alternative mating or antipredator strategies. For male jumping spiders, sexual selection and predation risk are often intertwined when courting cannibalistic females and may be a driving factor in the polymorphism of the jumping spider, Maevia inclemens. The dimorphic males of M. inclemens differ dramatically in their complex courtship behavior and display traits that may function as alternative mating strategies to reduce female aggression and maximize mating success. We hypothesized that males of the "tufted" morph honestly communicate condition or body size to females with three conspicuous tufts of setae on their head and males of the "striped" morph reduce female aggression with coloration commonly found in aposematic animals (here, yellow-orange pedipalps and striped legs). We examined correlations between tuft length and symmetry and metrics of body size and condition in field-collected spiders and conducted prey color choice tests (with live color-manipulated prey) to determine if yellow-orange and striped prey are avoided. Tuft length was variable and correlated with male size (but not condition). All prey color types were attacked at equal rates, but spiders oriented to striped prey more often, suggesting that male stripes may attract female attention without increasing predation. This study provides insight into the potential functions of the different courtship and visual displays of M. inclemens males. Using jumping spiders to study polymorphism can provide new insight into how multiple morphs can evolve, as males use mating strategies not only to impress females but also avoid getting eaten by their potential mates.
Energy and time optimal trajectories in exploratory jumps of the spider Phidippus regius
<p>Supplementary files S1 from the paper Energy and time optimal trajectories in exploratory jumps of the spider <em>Phidippus regius</em>. CT Scan files - A repository with files from CT scanning, composed of: 1. The volume from the CT scan in VGI/VOL format. 2. A VAXML model of the spider (stl meshes tied together with an XML file). 3. A Drishti Prayog model of the volume</p>
Data from: Conspicuous stripes on prey capture attention and reduce attacks by foraging jumping spiders
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Many animals avoid predation using aposematic displays that pair toxic/dangerous defenses with conspicuous achromatic warning patterns, such as high-contrast stripes. To understand how these prey defenses work, we need to understand the decision-making of visual predators. Here we gave two species of jumping spiders (</span><em>Phidippus regius</em><span><em><span> </span></em>and </span><em>Habronattus trimaculatus</em><span>) choice tests using live termites that had their back patterns manipulated using paper capes (solid white, solid black, striped). For </span><em>P. regius</em><span><em><span>,</span></em> black and striped termites were quicker to capture attention. Yet despite this increased attention, striped termites were attacked at lower rates than either white or black. This suggests that the termite's contrast with the background elicits attention, but the internal striped body patterning reduces attacks. Results from tests with </span><em>H. trimaculatus</em><span> were qualitatively similar but did not meet the threshold for statistical significance. Additional exploratory analyses suggest th</span>at attention to and aversion to stripes is at least partially innate and provide further insight into how decision-making played out during trials. Because of their rich diversity (over 6500 species) that includes variation in natural history, toxin susceptibility, degree of color vision, and dietary specialization, jumping spiders are well-suited to test broad generalizations about how and why aposematic displays work. </p>
Females pay little attention to variation in male display traits in a jumping spider with dimorphic males
<p><span>Dimorphic male alternative reproductive strategies typically involve divergent suites of morphological and behavioral traits to maximize reproductive success. Most instances of these strategies typically follow similar patterns of a larger, territorial or aggressive male morph and a smaller, satellite male morph. The genetically determined male morphs of the jumping spider, <em>Maevia</em> <em>inclemens</em>, have evolved dramatically different secondary sexual traits and courtship behavior, but do not seem to fit the classic mold of male alternative reproductive strategies. In the past several decades, advances have been made to better understand the different reproductive strategies between the morphs and how females (or predators) perceive them differently. However, the specific information content and function of their dimorphic morphological traits, and whether female aggression is an important factor in their evolution, is still not clearly understood. We tested two hypotheses for alternative mating strategies in <em>M. inclemens</em>. Tufted males have three tufts of setae above their eyes that may signal their mate quality. Striped males have contrasting black-and-white striped legs that may function as an aggression deterrent. We manipulated tuft length and the presence/absence of leg stripes and paired a single male with an unmated female in no-choice mating behavior experiments to quantify mating success, female receptivity, female aggression, and reproductive output. We found little support for our focal hypotheses. However, our models suggested that male body condition is more likely to influence mating interactions than variation in the target traits we manipulated. Our robust negative results allow us to critically revise our hypotheses to better understand the unique and perplexing male dimorphism of <em>M. inclemens</em> that deviates from current theory.</span></p>
Revalidation of the jumping spider genus Cheliceroides Żabka, 1985 based on molecular and morphological data (Araneae, Salticidae)
<p>The monotypic genus <em>Cheliceroides</em> Żabka, 1985 is revalidated based on both molecular sequence data (ultra-conserved elements and protein-coding genes of mitochondrial genomes) and morphological evidence. Results of molecular phylogenetic analyses show that <em>Cheliceroides</em> is not closely related to <em>Colopsus</em> Simon, 1902, not even in the same tribe, and comparative morphological study also demonstrates significant differences in the genital structures (e.g., the shape of embolus, with or without a pocket on the epigynum) of the two genera. Therefore, here we remove <em>Cheliceroides</em> from the synonymy of <em>Colopsus</em>, and its generic status is revalidated.</p>
Figure 5 in Three new jumping spiders from northeastern India (Araneae: Salticidae: Hasariini: Habrocestum)
Figure 5. Map showing the collecting localities of the three new Habrocestum species from Meghalaya, India. Blue circle, H. emanasakgrensis. White circle, H. imilchang. Red circle, H. togansangmai, holotype. Red diamond, H. togansangmai, photographic record.
Figure 1 in Three new jumping spiders from northeastern India (Araneae: Salticidae: Hasariini: Habrocestum)
Figure 1. Habrocestum emanasakgrensis, holotype male (NRC-AA-7687). A, Habitus, dorsal. B, Same, lateral. C, Same, frontal. D-E, Ventral (D) and retrolateral (E) views of left pedipalp. F, Left chelicera, retrolateral view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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