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3,673 results for “Temporal”
Geographic variation and temporal trends in ice phenology in Norwegian lakes during a century
<p>The physical characteristics of ice formation in water courses are ideal for studying climatic variation in space and time. We used a large set of observations for 9-116 years (1890-2019) of the timing of freeze-up and break-up, and the length of ice-free season for 99 Norwegian lakes to elucidate variation in ice phenology across space and time. The dataset of Norwegian lakes is unusual, covering considerable variation in altitude (4 – 1401 m above sea level) and climate (varying from oceanic to continental) within a large latitudinal and longitudinal gradient (58.2 – 69.9 °N; 4.9 – 30.2 °E).</p> <p>The average date of ice break-up occurred later in spring with increasing altitude and latitude, but earlier in spring with increasing longitude. The average date of freeze-up and the length of the ice-free period decreased significantly with altitude and longitude. No correlation with distance from the ocean was detected. The geographical gradients are related to regional climate due to adiabatic processes (altitude), solar radian (latitude) and the degree of continentality (longitude). There was a significant lake area effect as small lakes froze-up earlier due to less volume. There was also a significant trend that lakes were completely frozen over later in the autumn in recent years. After accounting for the effect of long-term trends in the large-scale NAO index, a significant but weak trend over time for earlier ice break-up was detected. An understanding of the relationship between ice phenology and geographical parameters is a prerequisite for predicting the potential consequences of climate change on ice phenology. Changes in ice phenology will have consequences for the behaviour and life cycle dynamics of the aquatic biota.</p>
Temporal nitrogen dynamics in intensively managed loblolly pine early stand development
<p>Forest production is strongly dependent on nutrient uptake; however, sustainable management of intensively managed plantations requires an improved understanding of this relationship when fertilization occurs frequently across short rotations. Here, we studied temporal nitrogen (N) concentration ([N]) and content (Nc) dynamics under different silvicultural practices (herbicide, fertilization, and planting density) throughout early loblolly pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i>) stand development (5 years). We describe relationships of [N] and Nc of different stand components (foliage, branches, stem, roots, and competing vegetation) with carbon and biomass. Our results demonstrate that [N] of perennial loblolly tissues do not respond to silvicultural practices and progressively decrease through development. While foliar [N] was most responsive to resource availability, it was not consistent across time. Controlling competing vegetation was crucial to promote the use of site resources by the crop tree and increased loblolly Nc by >500%. However, increased N uptake and expedited growth is dependent upon fertilization early in stand development. At age 5,<i> </i>herbicide<i> </i>plus <i>reduced </i>and <i>full </i>fertilization<i> </i>rates exhibited similar aboveground Nc, which was 32% higher than with <i>herbicide only</i>. Increasing planting density resulted in increased above- and belowground loblolly Nc; however, increases in Nc were not proportional with increases in planting density. Net primary productivity and N uptake were linearly related, but age/development strongly controlled N use efficiency. Our study helps to understand complex relationships between N, biomass, and silvicultural practices during early stand development and demonstrates that temporal evaluation of nutrient dynamics is crucial to better understand loblolly pine growth, carbon sequestration potential, and to inform sustainable silvicultural practices across short rotations.</p>
Data from: Transmission and temporal dynamics of anther-smut disease (Microbotryum) on alpine carnation (Dianthus pavonius)
1. Theory has shown that sterilizing diseases with frequency-dependent transmission (characteristics shared by many sexually transmitted diseases) can drive host populations to extinction. 2. Anther-smut disease (caused by Microbotryum sp.) has become a model plant pathogen system for studying the dynamics of vector and sexually transmitted diseases: infected individuals are sterilized, producing spores instead of pollen, and the disease is spread between reproductive individuals by insect pollinators. We investigated anther-smut disease in a heavily infected population of Dianthus pavonius (alpine carnation) over an eight-year period to determine disease impacts on host population dynamics. 3. Over the eight years, disease prevalence remained consistently high (>40%) while the host population numbers declined by over 50%. 4. The observed rate of vector transmission to reproductive, adult hosts was inadequate to explain the high disease prevalence. Additional density-dependent aerial transmission to highly susceptible juveniles, indicated from experimental field and greenhouse studies, is likely to play a key role in maintaining the high disease prevalence. 5. Epidemiological models that accounted for the mixed transmission mode predicted an eventual decline in disease. 6. Synthesis: Our results demonstrate that high prevalence of a sterilizing disease does not necessarily drive host populations towards extinction and also highlights the importance of demographic studies for establishing the presence of alternative transmission modes.
Data from: Ecological and social factors constrain spatial and temporal opportunities for mating in a migratory songbird
Many studies of sexual selection assume that individuals have equal mating opportunities and that differences in mating success result from variation in sexual traits. However, the inability of sexual traits to explain variation in male mating success suggests that other factors moderate the strength of sexual selection. Extrapair paternity is common in vertebrates and can contribute to variation in mating success and thus serves as a model for understanding the operation of sexual selection. We developed a spatially explicit, multifactor model of all possible female-male pairings to test the hypothesis that ecological (food availability) and social (breeding density, breeding distance, and the social mate's nest stage) factors influence an individual's opportunity for extrapair paternity in a socially monogamous bird, the black-throated blue warbler, Setophaga caerulescens. A male's probability of siring extrapair young decreased with increasing distance to females, breeding density, and food availability. Males on food-poor territories were more likely to sire extrapair young, and these offspring were produced farther from the male's territory relative to males on food-abundant territories. Moreover, males sired extrapair young mostly during their social mates' incubation stage, especially males on food-abundant territories. This study demonstrates how ecological and social conditions constrain the spatial and temporal opportunities for extrapair paternity that affect variation in mating success and the strength of sexual selection in socially monogamous species.
A unifying framework for analyzing temporal changes in functional and taxonomic diversity along disturbance gradients
<p>Frameworks exclusively considering functional diversity are gaining popularity, as they complement and extend the information provided by taxonomic diversity metrics, particularly in response to disturbance. Taxonomic diversity should be included in functional diversity frameworks to uncover the functional mechanisms causing species loss following disturbance events. We present and test a predictive framework that considers temporal functional and taxonomic diversity responses along disturbance gradients. Our proposed framework allows us to test different multidimensional metrics of taxonomic diversity that can be directly compared to calculated multidimensional functional diversity metrics. It builds on existing functional diversity-disturbance frameworks both by using a gradient approach and by jointly considering taxonomic and functional diversity. We used previously unpublished stream insect community data collected prior to, and for the two years following, an extreme flood event that occurred in 2013. Using 14 northern Colorado mountain streams, we tested our framework and determined that taxonomic diversity metrics calculated using multidimensional methods resulted in concordance between taxonomic and functional diversity responses. By considering functional and taxonomic diversity together and using a gradient approach, we were able to identify some of the mechanisms driving species losses following this extreme disturbance event.</p>
Predictability of temporal variation in climate and the evolution of seasonal polyphenism in tropical butterflies
<p>Phenotypic plasticity in heterogeneous environments can provide tight environment-phenotype matching. However, the pre-requisite is a reliable environmental cue(s) that enables organisms to use current environmental information to induce the development of a phenotype with high fitness in a forthcoming environment. Here we quantify predictability in the timing of precipitation and temperature change to examine how this is associated with seasonal polyphenism in tropical Mycalesina butterflies. Seasonal precipitation in the tropics typically results in distinct selective environments, the wet- and dry seasons, and changes in temperature can be a major environmental cue. We sampled communities of Mycalesina butterflies from two seasonal and one aseasonal location. Quantifying environmental predictability using wavelet analysis and Colwell's indices confirmed a strong periodicity of precipitation over a 12-month period at both seasonal locations compared to the aseasonal one. However, temperature seasonality and periodicity differed between the two seasonal locations. We further show that: (1) most females from both seasonal locations synchronise their reproduction with the seasons by breeding in the wet season but arresting reproduction in the dry season. In contrast, all species breed throughout the year in the aseasonal location, and (2) species from the seasonal locations, but not those from the aseasonal location, exhibited polyphenism in wing pattern traits (eyespot size). We conclude that seasonal precipitation and its predictability are primary factors shaping the evolution of polyphenism in Mycalesina butterflies, and populations or species secondarily evolve local adaptations for cue use that depend on the local variation in the environment.</p>
Data from: Spatio-temporally explicit model averaging for forecasting of Alaskan groundfish catch
(1) Fisheries management is dominated by the need to forecast catch and abundance of commercially and ecologically important species. The influence of spatial information and environmental factors on forecasting error is not often considered. We propose a forecasting method called spatio-temporally explicit model averaging (STEMA) to combine spatial and temporal information through model averaging. (2) We examine the performance of STEMA against two popular forecasting models and a modern spatial prediction model: the autoregressive integrated moving averages (ARIMA) model, the Bayesian hierarchical model, and the varying coefficient model. We focus on applying the methods to four species of Alaskan groundfish for which only catch data are available. (3) Our method reduces forecasting errors significantly for most of the tested models when compared to ARIMAX, Bayesian, and varying coefficient methods. We also consider the effect of sea surface temperature (SST) on the forecasting of catch, as multiple studies reveal a potential influence of water temperature on the survival and growth of juvenile groundfish. For most of the preferred models, inclusion of SST in the model improved forecasting of catch. (4) It is advisable to consider both spatial information and relevant environmental factors in forecasting models to obtain more accurate projections of population abundance. The STEMA method is capable of accounting for spatial information in forecasting and can be applied to various types of data because of its flexible varying coefficient model structure. It is therefore a suitable forecasting method for application to many fields including ecology, epidemiology, and climatology.
Geographical and temporal variation of multiple paternity in invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki, Gambusia affinis)
<p>Multiple paternity (MP) increases offspring's genetic variability, which could be linked to invasive species' evolvability in novel distribution ranges. Shifts in MP can be adaptive, with greater MP in harsher/colder environments or towards the end of the reproductive season, but climate could also affect MP indirectly via its effect on reproductive life histories. We tested these hypotheses by genotyping <i>N </i>= 2,903 offspring from <i>N </i>= 306 broods of two closely related livebearing fishes, <i>Gambusia holbrooki</i> and <i>Gambusia affinis</i>. We sampled pregnant females across latitudinal gradients in their invasive ranges in Europe and China, and found more sires per brood and a greater reproductive skew towards northern sampling sites. Moreover, examining monthly sampling from two <i>G. affinis</i> populations, we found MP rates to vary across the reproductive season in a northern Chinese, but not in a southern Chinese population. While our results confirm an increase of MP in harsher/more unpredictable environments, path analysis indicated that, in both cases, the effects of climate are likely to be indirect, mediated by altered life histories. In both species, which rank amongst the 100 most invasive species worldwide, higher MP at the northern edge of their distribution likely increases their invasive potential and favours range expansions, especially in light of the predicted temperature increases due to global climate changes.</p>
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in pollinator communities maintains within-species floral odour variation
<p>Flowering plants emit complex bouquets of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to mediate interactions with their pollinators. These bouquets are undoubtedly influenced by pollinator-mediated selection, particularly in deceptively-pollinated species that rely on chemical mimicry. However, many uncertainties remain regarding how spatially and temporally heterogeneous pollinators affect the diversity and distribution of floral odour variation. Here, we characterized and compared the floral odours of ten populations of deceptively-pollinated <em>Arum maculatum</em> (Araceae), and inter-annual and decadal variation in pollinator attraction within these populations. Additionally, we transplanted individuals from all sampled populations to two common garden sites dominated by different pollinator species (<em>Psychoda phalaenoides</em> or <em>Psycha grisescens</em>), and compared pollinator attraction rates to investigate whether populations maintained odour blends adapted to a specific pollinator. We identified high within- and among-population variation in a common blend of VOCs found across the range of <em>A. maculatum</em>. We also observed shifts in pollinator community composition within several populations over 1-2 years, as well as over the past decade. Common garden experiments further revealed that transplanted inflorescences generally attracted the dominant local pollinator species in both transplant sites. However, one population (Forêt du Gâvre, France) appears to exclusively attract <em>P. grisescens</em>, even when transplanted to a <em>P. phalaenoides</em>-dominated site. Together, our results suggest that maintaining diverse floral odour bouquets within populations may be advantageous when pollinator communities vary over short timescales. We propose that temporally-replicated ecological data are one potential key to understanding variation in complex traits such as floral odour, and in some cases may reveal resiliency to shifting pollinator communities.</p>
Data from: Spatio-temporal dynamics of impulse responses to figure motion in optic flow neurons
White noise techniques have been used widely to investigate sensory systems in both vertebrates and invertebrates. White noise stimuli are powerful in their ability to rapidly generate data that help the experimenter decipher the spatio-temporal dynamics of neural and behavioral responses. One type of white noise stimuli, maximal length shift register sequences (m-sequences), have recently become particularly popular for extracting response kernels in insect motion vision. We here use such m-sequences to extract the impulse responses to figure motion in hoverfly lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs). Figure motion is behaviorally important and many visually guided animals orient towards salient features in the surround. We show that LPTCs respond robustly to figure motion in the receptive field. The impulse response is scaled down in amplitude when the figure size is reduced, but its time course remains unaltered. However, a low contrast stimulus generates a slower response with a significantly longer time-to-peak and half-width. Impulse responses in females have a slower time-to-peak than males, but are otherwise similar. Finally we show that the shapes of the impulse response to a figure and a widefield stimulus are very similar, suggesting that the figure response could be coded by the same input as the widefield response.
Data from: How neighbourhood interactions control the temporal stability and resilience to drought of trees in mountain forests
<p>1. Over the coming decades, the predicted increase in frequency and intensity of extreme events such as droughts is likely to have a strong effect on forest functioning. Recent studies have shown that species mixing may buffer the temporal variability of productivity. However, most studies have focused on temporal stability of productivity, while species mixing may also affect forest resilience to extreme events. Our understanding of mechanisms underlying species mixing effects on forest stability and resilience remains limited because we ignore how changes from intraspecific to interspecific interactions in the neighbourhood of a given tree might affect its stability and resilience to extreme drought (i.e. response during and after this drought). This is crucial to better understand forests' response to climate change and how diversity may help maintain forest functioning.</p> <p>2. Here we analysed how local intra‐ or interspecific interactions may affect the temporal stability and resilience to drought of individual trees in French mountain<br> forests, using basal area increment data over the previous 20 years for Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba and Quercus pubescens. We analysed the effect of interspecific<br> competition on (a) the temporal stability and (b) the resilience to drought (resistance and recovery) of individual tree radial growth.</p> <p>3. We found no significant interspecific competition effect on temporal stability, but species‐specific effects on tree growth resilience to drought. There was a positive<br> effect of heterospecific proportion on the drought resilience of Q. pubescens, a negative effect for A. alba and no effect for F. sylvatica. These differences may be<br> related to interspecific differences in water use or rooting depth.</p> <p>4. Synthesis: In this study, we showed that stand composition influences individual tree growth resilience to drought, but this effect varied depending on the species<br> and its physiological responses. Our study also highlighted that a lack of biodiversity effect on long‐term stability might hide important effects on short‐term<br> resilience to extreme climatic events. This may have important implications in the face of climate change.</p>
Data from: How temporal patterns in rainfall determine the geomorphology and carbon fluxes of tropical peatlands
Tropical peatlands now emit hundreds of megatons of carbon dioxide per year because of human disruption of the feedbacks that link peat accumulation and groundwater hydrology. However, no quantitative theory has existed for how patterns of carbon storage and release accompanying growth and subsidence of tropical peatlands are affected by climate and disturbance. Using comprehensive data from a pristine peatland in Brunei Darussalam, we show how rainfall and groundwater flow determine a shape parameter (the Laplacian of the peat surface elevation) that specifies, under a given rainfall regime, the ultimate, stable morphology, and hence carbon storage, of a tropical peatland within a network of rivers or canals. We find that peatlands reach their ultimate shape first at the edges of peat domes where they are bounded by rivers, so that the rate of carbon uptake accompanying their growth is proportional to the area of the still-growing dome interior. We use this model to study how tropical peatland carbon storage and fluxes are controlled by changes in climate, sea level, and drainage networks. We find that fluctuations in net precipitation on timescales from hours to years can reduce long-term peat accumulation. Our mathematical and numerical models can be used to predict long-term effects of changes in temporal rainfall patterns and drainage networks on tropical peatland geomorphology and carbon storage.
Common barriers, but temporal dissonance: genomic tests suggest ecological and paleo-landscape sieves structure a coastal riverine fish community
<p>Assessments of spatial and temporal congruency across taxa from genetic data provide insights into the extent to which similar processes structure communities. However, for coastal regions that are affected continuously by cyclical sea-level changes over the Pleistocene, congruent interspecific response will not only depend upon co-distributions, but also on similar dispersal histories among taxa. Here, we use SNPs to test for concordant genetic structure among four co-distributed taxa of freshwater fishes (Teleostei: Characidae) along the Brazilian Atlantic coastal drainages. Based on population relationships and hierarchical genetic structure analyses, we identify all taxa share the same geographic structure suggesting the fish utilized common passages in the past to move between river basins. In contrast to this strong spatial concordance, model-based estimates of divergence times indicate that despite common routes for dispersal, these passages were traversed by each of the taxa at different times resulting in varying degrees of genetic differentiation across barriers with most divergences dating to the Upper Pleistocene, even when accounting for divergence with gene flow. Interestingly, when this temporal dissonance is viewed through the lens of the species-specific ecologies, it suggests that an ecological sieve influenced whether species dispersed readily, with an ecological generalist showing the highest propensity for historical dispersal among the isolated rivers of the Brazilian coast (i.e., the most recent divergence times and frequent gene flow estimated for barriers). We discuss how our findings, and in particular what the temporal dissonance, despite common geographic passages, suggest about past dispersal structuring coastal communities as a function of ecological and paleo-landscape sieves.</p>
Bat-flower interaction networks in Caatinga reveal generalized associations and temporal stability
<p>Seasonal variation in precipitation regimes influences species composition and plant-animal interactions. Such temporal variation is especially relevant in the Brazilian Caatinga, the largest Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in South America, where bat pollination is unusually frequent in comparison with other tropical plant communities. Here, we describe seasonal and annual variations of the interaction networks between nectarivorous bats and flower species in the Caatinga. Five species of nectar-feeding bats interacted with 30 plant species. Nectarivorous bats showed high levels of interaction overlap, which contributed to ecological generalization (low specialization and modularity) and lack of nestedness in the interaction networks. This pattern was consistent across seasons and years. Chiropterophilous and non-chiropterophilous plants were equally important components of the interaction network. The generalized interaction patterns found may be a necessary condition for the persistence of nectarivorous bats and their specialized plants in the environmentally harsh and variable Caatinga. The underappreciated generalized interactions of bats with plants calls for studies testing the effectiveness of bats in pollinating the plants they visit, including those not typically categorized as "bat-flowers".</p>
Towards the formal verification of data-intensive applications through metric temporal logic
p>The dataset consists of a set of model descriptions representingnbsp;span>Storm topologies. It is designed on purpose to show the approach presented in the paper quot;/span>span>Towards the formal verification of data-intensive applications through m/span>span>etric/span>span>nbsp;temporalnbsp;/span>span>logicquot; (F. Marconi, M.M. Bersani, M. Erascu and M. Rossi) which focuses on the analysisnbsp;/span>span>of bottleneck nodes of data intensive applications implemented with Storm./span>/p>
Temporal and spatial evaluation of satellite-based rainfall estimates across the complex topographical and climatic gradients of Chile (datasets)
<p>This file contains the <strong>dataset</strong> (both raw observed precipitation data and figures obtained as output of the analysis) accompanying the manuscript '<strong>hess-2016-453'</strong> submitted to the HESS journal (http://www.hydrology-and-earth-system-sciences.net/).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Title</strong>: "Temporal and spatial evaluation of satellite-based rainfall estimates across the complex topographical and climatic gradients of Chile"</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Accurate representation of the real spatio-temporal variability of catchment rainfall inputs is currently severely limited. Moreover, spatially interpolated catchment precipitation is subject to large uncertainties, particularly in developing countries and regions which are difficult to access (e.g., high elevation zones). Recently, satellite-based rainfall estimates (SRE) provide an unprecedented opportunity for a wide range of hydrological applications, from water resources modelling to monitoring of extreme events such as droughts and floods. </p> <p>This study attempts to exhaustively evaluate -for the first time- the suitability of seven state-of-the-art SRE products (TMPA 3B42v7, CHIRPSv2, CMORPH, PERSIANN-CDR, PERSIAN-CCS-adj, MSWEPv1.1 and PGFv3) over the complex topography and diverse climatic gradients of Chile. Different temporal scales (daily, monthly, seasonal, annual) are used in a point to-pixel comparison between precipitation time series measured at 366 stations (from sea level to 4600 m a.s.l. in the Andean Plateau) and the corresponding grid cell of each SRE. The modified Kling-Gupta efficiency was used to identify possible sources of systematic errors in each SRE. In addition, several categorical indices were used to assess the ability of each SRE to correctly identify different precipitation intensities.</p> <p><br> Results revealed that most SRE products performed better for the humid South (36.4-43.7ºS) and Central Chile (32.18-36.4ºS), in particular at low- and mid-elevation zones (0-1000 m a.s.l.) compared to the arid northern regions and the Far South. Seasonally, all products performed best during the wet seasons (MAM-JJA) compared to summer (DJF) and autumn (SON). In addition, all SREs were able to correctly identify the occurrence of no rain events, but they presented a low skill in classifying precipitation intensities during rainy days. Overall, PGFv3 exhibited the best performance everywhere and for all time scales, which can be clearly attributed to its bias-correction procedure using 213 stations from Chile. Good results were also obtained by CHIRPSv2, TMPA 3B42v7 and MSWEPv1.1, while CMORPH, PERSIANN-CDR and PERSIANN-CCS-adj were not able to represent observed rainfall. While PGFv3 (currently available up to 2010) might be used in Chile for historical analyses and calibration of hydrological models, the high spatial resolution, low latency and long data records of CHIRPS and TMPA 3B42v7 (in transition to IMERG) show promising potential to be used in meteorological studies and water resources assessments. We finally conclude that despite improvements of most SRE products, a site-specific calibration is still needed before any use in catchment-scale hydrological studies.</p>
Temporal and spatial evaluation of satellite-based rainfall estimates across the complex topographical and climatic gradients of Chile (supplementary material)
<p>This file contains the <strong>Supplement</strong> (both raw observed precipitation data and figures obtained as output of the analysis) accompanying the manuscript '<strong>hess-2016-453'</strong> submitted to the HESS journal (http://www.hydrology-and-earth-system-sciences.net/).</p> <p><strong>Title</strong>: "Temporal and spatial evaluation of satellite-based rainfall estimates across the complex topographical and climatic gradients of Chile"</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Accurate representation of the real spatio-temporal variability of catchment rainfall inputs is currently severely limited. Moreover, spatially interpolated catchment precipitation is subject to large uncertainties, particularly in developing countries and regions which are difficult to access. Recently, satellite-based rainfall estimates (SRE) provide an unprecedented opportunity for a wide range of hydrological applications, from water resources modelling to monitoring of extreme events such as droughts and floods.</p> <p>This study attempts to exhaustively evaluate -for the first time- the suitability of seven state-of-the-art SRE products (TMPA 3B42v7, CHIRPSv2, CMORPH, PERSIANN-CDR, PERSIAN-CCS-adj, MSWEPv1.1 and PGFv3) over the complex topography and diverse climatic gradients of Chile. Different temporal scales (daily, monthly, seasonal, annual) are used in a point-to-pixel comparison between precipitation time series measured at 366 stations (from sea level to 4600 m a.s.l. in the Andean Plateau) and the corresponding grid cell of each SRE (rescaled to a 0.25° grid if necessary). The modified Kling-Gupta efficiency was used to identify possible sources of systematic errors in each SRE. In addition, five categorical indices (PC, POD, FAR, ETS, fBIAS) were used to assess the ability of each SRE to correctly identify different precipitation intensities.</p> <p>Results revealed that most SRE products performed better for the humid South (36.4-43.7°S) and Central Chile (32.18-36.4°S), in particular at low- and mid-elevation zones (0-1000 m a.s.l.) compared to the arid northern regions and the Far South. Seasonally, all products performed best during the wet seasons autumn and winter (MAM-JJA) compared to summer (DJF) and spring (SON). In addition, all SREs were able to correctly identify the occurrence of no rain events, but they presented a low skill in classifying precipitation intensities during rainy days. Overall, PGFv3 exhibited the best performance everywhere and for all time scales, which can be clearly attributed to its bias-correction procedure using 217 stations from Chile. Good results were also obtained by the research products CHIRPSv2, TMPA 3B42v7 and MSWEPv1.1,while CMORPH, PERSIANN-CDR and the real-time PERSIANN-CCS-adj were less skillful in representing observed rainfall. While PGFv3 (currently available up to 2010) might be used in Chile for historical analyses and calibration of hydrological models, the high spatial resolution, low latency and long data records of CHIRPS and TMPA 3B42v7 (in transition to IMERG) show promising potential to be used in meteorological studies and water resources assessments. We finally conclude that despite improvements of most SRE products, a site-specific assessment is still needed before any use in catchment-scale hydrological studies.</p>
Superior Temporal Sulcus Disconnectivity During Processing of Metaphoric Gestures in Schizophrenia
<p><strong><em>Data related to the following publication:</em></strong></p> <p>Straube, B., Green, A., Sass, K., & Kircher, T. (2014). Superior Temporal Sulcus Disconnectivity During Processing of Metaphoric Gestures in Schizophrenia. <em>Schizophrenia Bulletin</em>, <em>40</em>(4), 936–944. http://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbt110</p> <p> </p>
Treatment of temporal aliasing effects in the context of next generation satellite gravimetry missions
<p><strong>Simulated gravity field solutions</strong> published in:<br> Daras, I. and Pail, R. (2017), <em>Treatment of temporal aliasing effects in the context of next generation satellite gravimetry missions</em>, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (in revision)</p> <p>Results relate to the solutions used for generating the Figures of the publication.</p> <p>All gravity field solutions are in <strong>icgem </strong>format. The solutions include the effect of static gravity field model GOCO03s.</p> <p><strong>Filename description </strong>for Figures 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 11 (fields appear only if applicable):<br> Retrieval content<br> - AOHIS : Atmosphere, Hydrology, Ocean, Ice and Solid Earth <br> - HIS : Hydrology, Ice and Solid Earth<br> - A : Atmosphere<br> - O : Ocean<br> - H : Hydrology<br> - OTerr : OT error retrieval</p> <p>Strategies for HIS retrieval<br> - str1 : strategy 1<br> - str2 : strategy 2</p> <p>Constellation<br> - asc : alternative constellation</p> <p>Retrieval period<br> - hd : half-daily<br> - 1d : daily<br> - 3d : 3-daily<br> - 11d : 11- daily</p> <p>Noise case<br> - fn : full noise case<br> - un : undersampling noise case<br> - ind : individual parameter noise case (see text)</p> <p>Parameterization method<br> - d120 : nominal 11-day solution up to d/o 120<br> - CoPa.1d10.d120 : CoPa 1/10-11/120<br> - CoPa.1d20.3d30.1d120 : CoPa 1/20-3/30-11/120 (sequential parameterization)</p> <p>Time indexing (for Co-estimated short-term solutions)<br> - 01 : Co-estimated solution refering to epoch 01</p> <p><strong>Filename description</strong> for Figure 7:<br> - icgem : format of gravity field solution<br> - yymmdd : starting epoch of the long-term solution for which the daily solutions were co-estimated <br> (e.g. 960112 : refers to the 11-day solution of the time period 1996/01/12 - 1996/01/22)<br> - dual : 2-pair Bender-type solution (standard for all simulations of the paper)<br> - 20.1.11 : 1-day solutions with d/o 20 spatial resolution resulting from a daily co-parameterization of an 11-day long-term solution<br> - wiese : dummy, refers to the paper of D. Wiese <br> - dd : day of the 11-day period</p>
A temporally continuous divergence and vorticity dataset in Beijing derived from the radar wind profiler mesonet during 2023
<p>A temporally continuous horizontal divergence and vertical vorticity dataset is produced by horizontal winds derived from the radar wind profilers mesonet in Beijing by applying the triangle method. This dataset covers the period of 2023 with a temporal resolution of 6-minute and a vertical resolution of 120 m. The dataset is of significance for a multitude of scientific research and applications, including air quality, convection initiation and so on. The latest version includes rain flags of triangles.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.