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1,574 results for “atmospheres”
Contrasting effects of Miocene and Anthropocene levels of atmospheric CO2 on silicon accumulation in a model grass
<p>Grasses are hyper-accumulators of silicon (Si) which they acquire from the soil and deposit in tissues to resist environmental stresses. Moreover, given the high metabolic costs of herbivore defensive chemicals and structural constituents (e.g. cellulose), grasses may substitute Si for these components when carbon (C) is limited. Indeed, high Si uptake grasses evolved in the Miocene when atmospheric CO<sub>2 </sub>concentration was much lower than present levels. It is; however, unknown how pre-industrial CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations affect Si accumulation in grasses. Using <em>Brachypodium distachyon</em>, we hydroponically manipulated Si-supply (0.0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mM) and grew plants under Miocene (200 ppm) and Anthropocene levels of CO<sub>2</sub> comprising ambient (410 ppm) and elevated (640 ppm) CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. We showed that regardless of Si-treatments, the Miocene CO<sub>2</sub> levels increased foliar Si concentrations by 47% and 56% relative to plants grown under ambient and elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, respectively. This is due to higher accumulation overall, but also the reallocation of Si from the roots into the shoots. Our results suggest that grasses may accumulate high Si concentrations in foliage when carbon is less available (i.e. pre-industrial CO<sub>2</sub> levels) but this is likely to decline under future climate change scenarios, potentially leaving grasses more susceptible to environmental stresses</p>
Data for "Martian oxygen and hydrogen upper atmospheres responding to solar and dust storm drivers: Hisaki space telescope observations"
<p>Data files (.npy) and python codes (.ipynb) to produce the figures in the paper.</p> <p>Download the zip file (dataforfigures_v2.zip), open plot_figX.ipynb with Jupyter notebook, and run it.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset for "Chemistry of Atmospheric Fine Particles during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Megacity of Eastern China"
<p>Original data for the air pollutants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hangzhou, China</p>
On The Impact of 22Ne On The Pulsation Periods of Carbon-Oxygen White Dwarfs With Helium Dominated Atmospheres
<p>This file contains the python scripts needed to re-produce figures 2-11 in our paper. It also contains the information to re-run our 22Ne tests and other WD mass models. The README.md file contains a more detailed description of the data. </p>
datasets for "Atmospheric Humic-Like Substances (HULIS) Act As Ice-Nucleating Particles "
<p>These are datasets for manuscript titled "Atmospheric Humic-Like Substances (HULIS) Act As Ice-Nucleating Particles "</p>
Dataset for Direct field evidence of autocatalytic iodine release from atmospheric aerosol
<p>The datasets generated and/or analyzed for the publication of Tham et al., 'Direct field evidence of autocatalytic iodine release from atmospheric aerosol' in PNAS (https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009951118).</p> <p>Data are also available from the corresponding authors upon request. </p>
Modeled Atmospheric Optical and Thermodynamic Responses to an Exceptional Trans-Atlantic Dust Outbreak
<p>Nine WRF-Chem 3.8.0 hindcasts, each utilizing a different dust emission configuration, from 1 March – 31 May 2015, coinciding with a Saharan air layer (SAL) dust outbreak during the 2015 Caribbean drought. WRF-Chem modeled aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Gálvez-Davison Index (GDI), a convective forecasting parameter, are provided in the files. These data correspond to the results published in "Modeled Atmospheric Optical and Thermodynamic Responses to an Exceptional Trans-Atlantic Dust Outbreak" by Paul Miller, Marcus Williams, and Thomas Mote, published the <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em>.</p>
Data from: Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations promote ant tending of aphids
1. Animal mutualisms, which involve beneficial interactions between individuals of different species, are common in nature. Insect-insect mutualism, for example, is widely regarded as a keystone ecological interaction. Some mutualisms are anticipated to be modified by climate change, but the focus has largely been on plant-microbe and plant-animal mutualisms rather than those between animals. 2. Ant-aphid mutualisms, whereby ants tend aphids to harvest their honeydew excretions and, in return, provide protection for the aphids are widespread. The mutualism is heavily influenced by the quality and quantity of honeydew produced by aphids, which is directly affected by host plant quality. Since predicted increases in concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) are widely reported to affect plant nutritional chemistry, this may also alter honeydew quality and hence the nature of ant-aphid mutualisms. 3. Using glasshouse chambers and field-based open top chambers we determined the effect of eCO2 on the growth and nutritional quality (foliar amino acids) of lucerne (Medicago sativa). We determined how cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) populations and honeydew production were impacted when feeding on such plants and how this affected the tending behaviour of ants (Iridomyrmex spp.). 4. eCO2 stimulated plant growth but decreased concentrations of foliar amino acids by 29% and 14% on aphid-infested plants and aphid-free plants, respectively. Despite the deterioration in host plant quality under eCO2, aphids maintained performance and populations were unchanged by eCO2. Aphids induced higher concentrations of amino acids (glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid) important for endosymbiont-mediated synthesis of essential amino acids. Aphids feeding under eCO2 also produced over three times more honeydew than aphids feeding under ambient CO2., suggesting they were imbibing more phloem sap at eCO2. The frequency of ant tending of aphids more than doubled in response to eCO2. 5. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the effects of atmospheric change on an ant-aphid mutualism. In particular, these results highlight how impending changes to concentrations of atmospheric CO2 may alter mutualistic behaviour between animals. These could include positive impacts, as reported here, shifts from mutualism to antagonism, partner switches and mutualism abandonment.
Data from: Atmospheric deposition exposes Qinling pandas to toxic pollutants
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is one of the most endangered animals in the world, and it is recognized worldwide as a symbol for conservation. A previous study showed that wild and captive pandas, especially those of the Qinling subspecies, were exposed to toxicants in their diet of bamboo; the ultimate origin of these toxicants is unknown. Here we show that atmospheric deposition is the most likely origin of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the diets of captive and wild Qinling pandas. Average atmospheric deposition was 199, 115 and 49 g∙m−2∙yr−1 in the center of Xi'an city, at China's Shaanxi Wild Animal Research Center (SWARC), and at Foping National Nature Reserve (FNNR), respectively. Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Co, Cu, Zn, Mn and Ni) and POPs was highest at Xi'an city, intermediate at SWARC, and lowest at FNNR. Soil concentrations of the aforementioned heavy metals other than As and Zn also were significantly higher at SWARC than at FNNR. Efforts to conserve Qinling pandas may be compromised by air pollution attendant to China's economic development. Improvement of air quality and reductions of toxic emissions are urgently required to protect China's iconic species.
Data from: Rising atmospheric CO2 is reducing the protein concentration of a floral pollen source essential for North American bees
At present, there is substantive evidence that the nutritional content of agriculturally important food crops will decrease in response to rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, Ca. However, whether Ca-induced declines in nutritional quality are also occurring for pollinator food sources is unknown. Flowering late in the season, goldenrod (Solidago spp.) pollen is a widely available autumnal food source commonly acknowledged by apiarists to be essential to native bee (e.g. Bombus spp.) and honeybee (Apis mellifera) health and winter survival. Using floral collections obtained from the Smithsonian Natural History Museum, we quantified Ca-induced temporal changes in pollen protein concentration of Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), the most widespread Solidago taxon, from hundreds of samples collected throughout the USA and southern Canada over the period 1842–2014 (i.e. a Ca from approx. 280 to 398 ppm). In addition, we conducted a 2 year in situ trial of S. canadensis populations grown along a continuous Ca gradient from approximately 280 to 500 ppm. The historical data indicated a strong significant correlation between recent increases in Ca and reductions in pollen protein concentration (r2 = 0.81). Experimental data confirmed this decrease in pollen protein concentration, and indicated that it would be ongoing as Ca continues to rise in the near term, i.e. to 500 ppm (r2 = 0.88). While additional data are needed to quantify the subsequent effects of reduced protein concentration for Canada goldenrod on bee health and population stability, these results are the first to indicate that increasing Ca can reduce protein content of a floral pollen source widely used by North American bees.
Simulation data for WRF-GC (v2.0): online two-way coupling of WRF (v3.9.1.1) and GEOS-Chem (v12.7.2) for modeling regional atmospheric chemistry–meteorology interactions
<p>This repository provides the test simulation data for "WRF-GC (v2.0): online two-way coupling of WRF (v3.9.1.1) and GEOS-Chem (v12.7.2) for modeling regional atmospheric chemistry–meteorology interactions" published in Geoscientific Model Development. The configurations for sensitivity experiments are described in this paper. Please contact the corresponding author Tzung-May Fu (fuzm@sustech.edu.cn) for more details.</p>
Data from: Late Paleozoic fusulinoidean gigantism driven by atmospheric hyperoxia
Atmospheric hyperoxia, with pO2 in excess of 30%, has long been hypothesized to account for late Paleozoic (360-250 million years ago) gigantism in numerous higher taxa. However, this hypothesis has not been evaluated statistically because comprehensive size data have not been compiled previously at sufficient temporal resolution to permit quantitative analysis. In this study, we test the hyperoxia-gigantism hypothesis by examining the fossil record of fusulinoidean foraminifers, a dramatic example of protistan gigantism with some individuals exceeding 10 cm in length and exceeding their relatives by six orders of magnitude in biovolume. We assembled and examined comprehensive regional and global, species-level datasets containing 270 and 1823 species, respectively. A statistical model of size evolution forced by atmospheric pO2 is conclusively favored over alternative models based on random walks or a constant tendency toward size increase. Moreover, the ratios of volume to surface area in the largest fusulinoideans are consistent in magnitude and trend with a mathematical model based on oxygen transport limitation. We further validate the hyperoxia-gigantism model through an examination of modern foraminiferal species living along a measured gradient in oxygen concentration. These findings provide the first quantitative confirmation of a direct connection between Paleozoic gigantism and atmospheric hyperoxia.
Data from: Soaring across continents: decision-making of a soaring migrant under changing atmospheric conditions along an entire flyway
(1) Thermal soaring birds reduce flight-energy costs by alternatingly gaining altitude in thermals and gliding across the earth's surface. To find out how soaring migrants adjust their flight behaviour to dynamic atmospheric conditions across entire migration routes, we combined optimal soaring migration theory with high-resolution GPS tracking data of migrating Honey Buzzards Pernis apivorus and wind data from a global numerical atmospheric model. (2) We compared measurements of gliding air speeds to predictions based on two distinct behavioural benchmarks for thermal soaring flight. The first being a time-optimal strategy whereby birds alter their gliding air speeds as a function of climb rates to maximize cross-country air speed over a full climb-glide cycle (Vopt). The second a risk-averse energy-efficient strategy at which birds alter their gliding air speed in response to tailwinds/headwinds to maximize the distance travelled in the intended direction during each glide phase (Vbgw). (3) Honey Buzzards were gliding on average 2.05 ms-1 slower than Vopt and 3.42 ms-1 faster than Vbgw while they increased air speeds with climb rates and reduced air speeds in tailwinds. They adopted flexible flight strategies gliding mostly near Vbgw under poor soaring conditions and closer to Vopt in good soaring conditions. (4) Honey Buzzards most adopted a time-optimal strategy when crossing the Sahara, and at the onset of spring migration, where and when they met with the best soaring conditions. The buzzards nevertheless glided slower than Vopt during most of their journeys, probably taking time to navigate, orientate and locate suitable thermals, especially in areas with poor thermal convection. (5) Linking novel tracking techniques with optimal migration models clarifies the way birds balance different trade-offs during migration.
MARCS (2011) model atmospheres
<p>This is a Python-pickled version of the MARCS 2011 model atmospheres.</p>
Raw data for "Overestimation of closed-chamber soil CO2 effluxes at low atmospheric turbulence"
<p>The LI-COR chamber raw data and the meteorological data used in for the paper Overestimation of closed-chamber soil CO2 effluxes at low atmospheric turbulence. </p>
Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #50 measurements (level 2 Processed), Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH), October 2021-June 2023
<p>Processed (Level 2) measurements and derived variables from the Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #50 (ASFS-50) deployed at the Avery Picnic site (38°58.3455' N, 106°59.8113' W) during the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere, and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH) campaign near Gothic, Colorado, from October 2021 through June 2023. The ASFS measured variables of the surface energy budget, momentum flux, near-surface meteorology, and soil properties. Measurements of high-resolution 3-dimensional winds were observed at a nominal height of 4.6 m (depending on snow depth). Measurements of upwelling broadband radiation and meteorology observed from a nominal height of 2.9 m. The measurements are included in three netCDF files per day. The "sledmet" files are comprised of 1-min averages of measured and derived variables, including near-surface meteorology, surface skin temperature, snow depth, radiative fluxes, and conductive fluxes. The "sledseb" files are 10-min averages of the same variables as in the 1-min files and also include calculations of turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes, momentum flux, and associated diagnostics, surface stress, and Monin-Obukhov parameters using both eddy covariance and bulk methodologies, all valid for the 10-min intervals. Both of these file types also contain a "_qc" variable paired with each measurement variable, or family of variables, that is a temporally-matched quality control code: 0 = good data, 1 = caution (data may be suspect), 2 = bad data, and -1 = missing (no data was collected). The "10hz" files include 3-dimensional winds and gas densities of water vapor and carbon dioxide that are quality-controlled, aggregated to a regular 10-Hz temporal grid, and (for winds) rotated into the earth coordinate frame. A detailed documentation of the measurement conditions, the processing steps taken to construct this data set, and other caveats and uncertainties will be provided in an accompanying published data manuscript.</p> <p>Note on update: v2_1 update provides double rotation ("dbl") turbulent fluxes in addition to planar fit ("pf"), as well as corrects a rotation problem with the v2 data that primarily affects the momentum fluxes. v2_1 only includes updates for the sledseb file set: for sledmet and sledwind10hz, continue to refer to v2 data set.</p>
Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 measurements (level 2 Processed), Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH), September 2021-July 2023
<p>Processed (Level 2) measurements and derived variables from the Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 (ASFS-30) deployed at the Kettle Ponds Annex site (38°56.3686' N, 106°58.1781' W) during the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere, and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH) campaign near Gothic, Colorado, from September 2021 through July 2023. The ASFS measured variables of the surface energy budget, momentum flux, near-surface meteorology, and soil properties. Measurements of high-resolution 3-dimensional winds were observed at a nominal height of 4.6 m (depending on snow depth). Measurements of upwelling broadband radiation and meteorology observed from a nominal height of 2.9 m. The measurements are included in three netCDF files per day. The "sledmet" files are comprised of 1-min averages of measured and derived variables, including near-surface meteorology, surface skin temperature, snow depth, radiative fluxes, and conductive fluxes. The "sledseb" files are 10-min averages of the same variables as in the 1-min files and also include calculations of turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes, momentum flux, and associated diagnostics, surface stress, and Monin-Obukhov parameters using both eddy covariance and bulk methodologies, all valid for the 10-min intervals. Both of these file types also contain a "_qc" variable paired with each measurement variable, or family of variables, that is a temporally-matched quality control code: 0 = good data, 1 = caution (data may be suspect), 2 = bad data, and -1 = missing (no data was collected). The "10hz" files include 3-dimensional winds and gas densities of water vapor and carbon dioxide that are quality-controlled, aggregated to a regular 10-Hz temporal grid, and (for winds) rotated into the earth coordinate frame. A detailed documentation of the measurement conditions, the processing steps taken to construct this data set, and other caveats and uncertainties will be provided in an accompanying published data manuscript.</p> <p>Note on update: v2_1 update provides double rotation ("dbl") turbulent fluxes in addition to planar fit ("pf"), as well as corrects a rotation problem with the v2 data that primarily affects the momentum fluxes. v2_1 only includes updates for the sledseb file set: for sledmet and sledwind10hz, continue to refer to v2 data set.</p>
LMDZ6iso output - Antarctic water stable isotopes in the global atmospheric model LMDZ6: from climatology to boundary layer processes
<h3><strong>Update of the Simulation</strong></h3> <p dir="ltr">This archive contains the output of a revised simulation, addressing issues identified in the original simulation described in the following article:</p> <p><em>Dutrievoz, N., Agosta, C., Risi, C., Vignon, É., Nguyen, S., Landais, A., ... & Prié, F. (2025). Antarctic water stable isotopes in the global atmospheric model LMDZ6: From climatology to boundary layer processes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 130(5), e2024JD042073.</em></p> <p>All information is available here:<strong> <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1x4FSGtNiJGqsMoks38yATzTQJ7T8sO8iXqeWagTU5yE/edit?usp=sharing">README</a></strong></p> <p>Researchers and colleagues are welcome to contact me at <strong>niels.dutrievoz@lsce.ipsl</strong>.<strong>fr</strong> for any further information regarding this updated simulation or potential collaborations. Please feel free to reach out if you are interested in daily or hourly output data from this simulation.</p> <p dir="ltr">I look forward to any exchanges that might arise from this work.</p> <p> </p>
Continuous new particle formation in a Mediterranean coastal environment: Insights from atmospheric ions behaviour analysis
<p>data used for: </p> <p><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Continuous new particle formation in a Mediterranean coastal environment: Insights from atmospheric ions behaviour analysis</span></strong></p>
Data from: "Injection strategy - a driver of atmospheric circulation and ozone response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering" by Bednarz et al. (2023)
<p>Data from: "Injection strategy - a driver of atmospheric circulation and ozone response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering" by Bednarz et al. (2023), which has been accepted for publication in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.