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FIGURE 6 in Taxonomy and nomenclature of some mainland SE-Asian Coeliccia species (Odonata, Platycnemididae) using micro-CT analysis

FIGURE 6. Photos in life of Coeliccia hainanense and Coeliccia scutellum. A Coeliccia hainanense, male, Mount Wuzhishan, Hainan, China. Photo by Shanlian Mo). B Coeliccia hainanense, copula, Hui Shan, near Wanning, southeastern Hainan, China. Photo by Graham Reels. C Coeliccia hainanense, immature male, Nanlin Nature Reserve, near Wanning, southeastern Hainan, China. Photo by Graham Reels. D Coeliccia scutellum, female in tandem, Tam Đảo, northern Vietnam. Photo by Tom Kompier. E Coeliccia scutellum, male, Tam Đảo, northern Vietnam. Photo by Tom Kompier. F Coeliccia hainanense, male S7–10 and anal appendages, Mount Wuzhishan, Hainan, China. Photo by Schanlian Mo. G Coeliccia scutellum, male S7–10 and anal appendages, Tam Đảo, northern Vietnam. Photo by Tom Kompier. H Coeliccia scutellum, female in tandem, Tam Đảo, northern Vietnam. Photo by Sebastién Delonglee.

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomy and nomenclature of some mainland SE-Asian Coeliccia species (Odonata, Platycnemididae) using micro-CT analysis

FIGURE 5. Genital ligulae as reconstructed from micro-CT (orientation bars: dl dorsolateral, l lateral, p posterior, v ventral, vl ventrolateral). A–B Genital ligula of C. scutellum lectotype C–D genital ligula of C. scutellum from Tam Đảo, Vietnam E–F genital ligula of C. hainanense lectotype.

FIGURE 4. Coeliccia hainanense Lectotype. A head dorsolateral, B in Taxonomy and nomenclature of some mainland SE-Asian Coeliccia species (Odonata, Platycnemididae) using micro-CT analysis

FIGURE 4. Coeliccia hainanense Lectotype. A head dorsolateral, B prothorax and thorax dorsolateral, C anal appendages dorsal, D prothorax and thorax dorsal, E anal appendages dorsolateral, F appendages lateral, G left Fw, H left Hw. Scale bars: 500Μm.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy and nomenclature of some mainland SE-Asian Coeliccia species (Odonata, Platycnemididae) using micro-CT analysis

FIGURE 1. Mounting methods and detail of genital ligula. A Pinned specimen (Coeliccia scutellum) mounted for micro-CT scan, B papered specimen (Coeliccia scutellum) mounted for micro-CT scan, C macro-photograph (Zeiss MCr Camera) of C. scutellum genital ligula, showing thinness of flaps. Scale bar: 250Μm.

FIGURE 2. Coeliccia scutellum Lectotype. A head dorsolateral, B in Taxonomy and nomenclature of some mainland SE-Asian Coeliccia species (Odonata, Platycnemididae) using micro-CT analysis

FIGURE 2. Coeliccia scutellum Lectotype. A head dorsolateral, B prothorax and thorax dorsal, C prothorax and thorax lateral, D anal appendages lateral, E anal appendages dorsolateral, F anal appendages dorsal, G left Fw, H left Hw. Scale bars: 500Μm.

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy and nomenclature of some mainland SE-Asian Coeliccia species (Odonata, Platycnemididae) using micro-CT analysis

FIGURE 3. Coeliccia scutellum Tam Đảo, Vietnam. A head dorsolateral, B thorax dorsal, C thorax lateral, D anal appendages dorsal, E anal appendages lateral, F anal appendages dorsolateral. Scale bars: 500Μm.

FIGURE 21 in A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists

FIGURE 21. Comparison of (a) surface and (b) volume rendering of the same skeletal region of the same specimen; the acetabulum of Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (MNHN 1975.24). The surface rendering is that used in Scherz et al. (2014). The volume rendering was produced for this study. Note particularly the unossified state of the pubis in (b) compared to that reproduced in (a). The arrow indicates the end of the urostyle, which gradually thins towards its tip, but is shown to end abruptly in surface rendering due to the on/off characteristic of meshes.

FIGURE 17 in A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists

FIGURE 17. Forelimb anatomy of the R. serratopalpebrosa species group showing (a) left manus in ventral view, (b) left radioulna in dorsal view, and left humerus in (c) lateral, (d) ventral, and (e) medial view. Abbreviations: cpl(s) = carpal(s), cr.lat = crista lateralis, cr.ven = crista ventralis, e.cap = eminentia capitata, ep.ul = epicondylus ulnaris.

FIGURE 16 in A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists

FIGURE 16. The pectoral girdle of the R. serratopalpebrosa species group in ventral view, articulated (left) and laid flat (right). Abbreviations: scap.pa = scapula pars acromialis, scap.pg = scapula pars glenoidalis.

FIGURE 13 in A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists

FIGURE 13. Terminology of skull osteology in dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right). Abbreviations: col = columella, exoc = exoccipital, exoc.oc = occipital condyle of exoccipital, fpar = frontoparietal, fpar.lf = frontoparietal lateral flange, max = maxilla, max.pf = maxillary pars fascialis, max.parspal = maxillary pars palatina, nasal.mp = maxillary process of nasal, neopal = neopalatine, pmx.ap = premaxilla alary process, pmx.lp = premaxilla lateral process, pmx.palproc = premaxilla palatine process, povom = postchoanal vomer, proot = prootic, prvom = prechoanal vomer, prsph.cp = parasphenoid cultriform process, prsph.al = parasphenoid alae, pter.ar = pterygoid anterior ramus, pter.mr = pterygoid medial ramus, pter.vr = pterygoid ventral ramus, qj = quadratojugal, qj.pvp = quadratojugal posteroventral process, smax = septomaxilla, spheth = sphenethmoid, sq.or = squamosal otic ramus, sq.vr = squamosal ventral ramus, sq.zr = squamosal zygomatic ramus.

FIGURE 12 in A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists

FIGURE 12. Osteology of Rhombophryne diadema sp. nov. (ZSM 1629/2012). Full skeleton in (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, and (c) lateral view; skull in (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, and (f) lateral view. Abbreviations as in Fig. 7.

FIGURE 9 in A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists

FIGURE 9. Rhombophryne regalis sp. nov. in life, showing the holotype (MRSN A4602) in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view; paratype MRSN A4603 in (c) dorsolateral and (d) ventral view; and (e) an individual from Ambolokopatrika in dorsolateral view (assignment to field and collection numbers unknown).

FIGURE 8 in A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists

FIGURE 8. Map of the north of Madagascar showing the collection localities of specimens of the focal species of this paper, Rhombophryne guentherpetersi, R. regalis sp. nov., and R. diadema sp. nov. Basemap from www.vegmad.org. Hashing indicates protected areas; note that the full extent of Tsaratanana Strict Nature Reserve is not shown.

FIGURE 6 in A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists

FIGURE 6. Rhombophryne guentherpetersi in life. (a–c) ZSM 607/2014 in (a) dorsolateral (with inset showing superciliary spines), (b) dorsal, and (c) ventral view; and (d, e) other specimens in dorsolateral view (assignment to field and collection numbers unknown).

FIGURE 11 in A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists

FIGURE 11. Rhombophryne diadema sp. nov. in life, showing the holotype ZSM 1629/2012 in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view; paratype ZSM 1628/2012 in (c) lateral and (d) ventral view; and paratype UADBA-A 60289 in (e) lateral and (f) ventral view.

FIGURE 15 in A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists

FIGURE 15. The vertebral column of the R. serratopalpebrosa species group shown in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) view. Abbreviations: I–VIII = presacral numbers, S = sacrum, S.d = sacral diapophysis, U = urostyle, U.dr = urostyle dorsal ridge, tp = transverse processes, mr = medial ridge, na = neural arch, ns = neural spine.

FIGURE 4 in A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists

FIGURE 4. Photographs of the holotypes of the species treated in this manuscript, in dorsal (top row) and ventral (bottom row) views.

FIGURE 3 in A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists

FIGURE 3. Majority-rule consensus tree of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group and its sister clade, obtained by partitioned BI analysis, based on 2491 nucleotide characters of two mitochondrial and one nuclear gene (16S, cox1, sacs). Asterisks indicate Bayesian posterior probability values (*0.95–0.98, **0.99–1.0; not shown if <0.95). Stumpffia psologlossa and other species of Rhombophryne were used as hierarchical outgroups and are here excluded from the figure as they are not the subject of this study. Members of the R. serratopalpebrosa species group are depicted in life, not to scale.

FIGURE 19 in A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists

FIGURE 19. Hindlimb anatomy of the R. serratopalpebrosa species group showing the right femur in (a) medial and (b) lateral view, the right tibiofibula in (c) ventral and (d) dorsal view, and (e) the right pes and tibiale-fibulare in ventral view. Abbreviations: tf.si = sulcus intermedius of tibiofibula, tsl(s) = tarsal(s).

FIGURE 2 in A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists

FIGURE 2. Definition of skeletal measurements taken for this study: (a) snout length, from the anterior frontoparietal to the anterior premaxilla; (b) brain case width, at mid-orbit; (c) skull length, from occipital condyle of exoccipital to the anterior premaxilla; (d) maximum skull width, typically at the middle of the quadratojugal (not landmark-based); (e) parasphenoid length; (f) parasphenoid width, at mid-orbit; (g) length of parasphenoid cultriform process; (h) distance from parasphenoid alae to waist of cultriform process (the waist being a distinct discontinuity in the angle of expansion of the cultriform process); (i) coracoid width at glenoid socket; (j) coracoid width at thinnest point; (k) coracoid width at sternal end; (l) length of anterior edge of coracoid; (m) length of posterior edge of coracoid; (n) length of anterior face of scapula, (o) length of urostyle; (p) distal width of sacral diapophysis; (q) base width of sacral diapophysis; (r) length of acetabulum; (s) distance between anterior tips of iliac shafts; (t) length of femur from condyle to condyle; (u) length of tibiofibula from condyle to condyle. Not to scale.