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Fig. 7 in Lectotype designation and redescription of four commonly collected Neotropical species of Strumigenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 7. Lectotype of Strumigenys subedentata Mayr, 1887 (CC-BY, CASENT0915703, Harald Bruckner, from www.antweb.org). A. Head, mandibles and antennae, in dorsal view. B. Full body, in lateral view. C. Full body, in dorsal view.

Fig. 2 in Lectotype designation and redescription of four commonly collected Neotropical species of Strumigenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 2. Generalized schematics of Strumigenys crassicornis Mayr, 1887, showing useful identification features. A. Head in dorsal view. B. Mesosoma, petiole, and postpetiole in lateral view.

Fig. 1 in Lectotype designation and redescription of four commonly collected Neotropical species of Strumigenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 1. Lectotype of Strumigenys crassicornis Mayr, 1887 (CC-BY, CASENT0915943, Anna Pal, from www.antweb.org). A. Head, mandibles and antennae, in dorsal view. B. Full body, in lateral view. C. Full body, in dorsal view.

Fig. 6 in Lectotype designation and redescription of four commonly collected Neotropical species of Strumigenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 6. Generalized schematics of Strumigenys eggersi Emery, 1890, showing useful identification features. A. Head in dorsal view. B. Mesosoma, petiole, and postpetiole in lateral view.

Fig. 5 in Lectotype designation and redescription of four commonly collected Neotropical species of Strumigenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 5. Lectotype of Strumigenys eggersi Emery, 1890 (CC-BY, CASENT0904936, Will Ericson, from www.antweb.org). A. Head, mandibles and antennae, in dorsal view. B. Full body, in lateral view. C. Full body, in dorsal view.

Multiple Nuclei HeLa cell ground truth images with four labels (nuclear envelope, nucleus, rest of the cell, and background) for deep learning architecture training.

This is a data set that contains labelled HeLa cell images, indicating the four different classes - nuclear envelope, nucleus, rest of the cell, and background. Similar ground truth have been published for this data set, but in this case, multiple nuclei have been labelled, whilst previous ones only focused on the central cell (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3874949) Details of the imaging, preparation and segmentation have been published in: <ul> <li>Cefa Karabağ, Martin L. Jones, Christopher J. Peddie, Anne E. Weston, Lucy M. Collinson, Constantino Carlos Reyes-Aldasoro. Segmentation and Modelling of the Nuclear Envelope of HeLa Cells Imaged with Serial Block Face Scanning Electron Microscopy. J. Imaging 2019, 5(9), 75; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging5090075">https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging5090075</a></li> <li>Cefa Karabağ, Martin L. Jones, Christopher J. Peddie, Anne E. Weston, Lucy M. Collinson, Constantino Carlos Reyes-Aldasoro. Semantic segmentation of HeLa cells: An objective comparison between one traditional algorithm and four deep-learning architectures, PLOS ONE, 2020;  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230605">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230605</a></li> <li> Cefa Karabağ, Martin L. Jones, Constantino Carlos Reyes-Aldasoro, Segmentation of the Plasma Membrane of HeLa Cells, J. Imaging 2021, 7(6), 93; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7060093">https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7060093</a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>The data sets are freely available through EMPIAR: http://dx.doi.org/10.6019/EMPIAR-10094 EMPIAR.</li> </ul>

Foot anomalies in four post-medieval, Dutch populations (17th-19th century)

This dataset was compiled for the master's thesis "Familiar Feet. Kinship analysis using foot anomalies in the cemetery of Middenbeemster (Netherlands, 17th to 19th century)" at Leiden University (Netherlands) by the author. The thesis was submitted on June 15th, 2021 (<a href="https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3204807">https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3204807</a>). The data was collected in the period from January to May 2021 at the Laboratory of Human Osteoarchaeology at Leiden University. It includes the data of 380 adult individuals from four different post-medieval, Dutch populations: the rural population of Middenbeemster (MB) (Hakvoort 2013) and the urban populations of Eindhoven (Catharinakerk) (EH) (Arts 2013), Zwolle (Broerenkerk) (ZW) (Clevis and Constandse-Westermann 1992) and Arnhem (Eusebiuskerk) (AR) (Baetsen et al. 2018). For every individual, an estimate of sex and age-at-death was collected. If a DNA analysis was performed, then this result was used instead of an estimation. The sex estimations of the individuals were based on pelvic and cranial morphology (Bainbridge & Genoves Tarazaga, 1956; Bass, 1987; Buikstra & Ubelaker, 1997; Maat & Mastwijk, 2009; McCormick et al., 1991; Phenice, 1969; Stewart, 1979; Steyn & Işcan, 1999; Workshop for European Anthropologists (WEA), 1980) and were supported by archival data. For the Eindhoven collection, the DNA-determined sex estimations took precedence over the estimations by traditional bioarchaeological techniques (Baetsen & Weterings-Korthorst, 2013). The used abbreviations are M = male, PM = probable male, I = indeterminate, PF = probable female, F = female.  Age-at-death estimations were made according to traditional bioarchaeological techniques (Brooks & Suchey, 1990; Buckberry & Chamberlain, 2002; İşcan et al., 1984, 1985; Lovejoy et al., 1985; Maat, 2001; Meindle & Lovejoy, 1985; Todd, 1920). The used abbreviations are EYA = early young adult, LYA = late young adult, MA = middle adult, OA = old adult. The foot anomalies included are accessory navicular (AccessNav), brachydactyly D (BrachyD), brachydactyly of the first metatarsal (BrachyMT1), brachydactyly of the fourth metatarsal (BrachyMT4), brachydactyly of the first proximal phalanx (BrachyPP1), calcaneocuboid coalition (CalcCubCoal), calcaneonavicular coalition (CalcNavCoal), coalition between the intermediate and lateral cuneiform (CF2CF3Coal), coalition between the lateral cuneiform and the third metatarsal (CF3MT3Coal), talocalcaneal coalition (TaloCalcCoal), talonavicular coalition (TaloNavCoal) and os intermetatarseum with the medial cuneiform (CF1Intermet), the first metatarsal (MT1Intermet) and/or the second metatarsal (MT2Intermet) involved. The scoring itself was performed without prior knowledge of skeletal data like sex and age to avoid observer bias. The trait could be marked absent (0), present (1), indiscernible if the bone was damaged (6), or missing if the bone was not present (9) for each separate foot (left (L) or right (R) side). Tarsal coalitions were scored if at least one of the two bones could be marked “absent/present”. In the remarks, some of the found lesions are described in more detail. For some of the individuals, there is archival data available. This is indicated with 'Yes' or 'No' in the 'Archive data?' column. For the Middenbeemster population, the location of the individual graves was determined from the grave polygons in the excavation data in QGIS by calculating the centroids of these polygons and resulted in a single pair of (x, y) coordinates. This dataset was used to identify probable genetic relatives within the Middenbeemster skeeltal collection through developmental foot anomalies and to analyse the spatial structure of the Middenbeemster cemetery in the context of intracemetery kinship relations. The Middenbeemster trait frequencies for these anomalies were compared to those of a reference sample of the post-medieval Dutch population (consisting of individuals from the Dutch post-medieval collections of Arnhem, Eindhoven, Zwolle). A hypothetical kinship group could be identified when the trait frequencies of the Middenbeemster sample were considerably higher than those in the reference sample. Other sources had only limited validation value in relation to the hypothesis. Visual examination and spatial statistics of the distribution of the hypothetical kinship group revealed a possible patrilineally structured cemetery, although this is based on a small sample. By putting the observed trait frequencies in a broader context, the data suggested a rather high inter-relatedness of the Middenbeemster community. It also exposed the need for a better understanding of the used traits and perhaps a different approach to kinship analysis (due to necessarily large time investment in contrast to limited results). In conclusion, this study gave an insight into the social structure of post-medieval Dutch communities. Future improvements to kinship analysis may not only be beneficial for bioarchaeology, but also for other fields such as forensic anthropology. For more information on this research, see the thesis (<a href="https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3204807">https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3204807</a>) or the article published in International Journal of Osteoarchaeology (DOI: 10.1002/oa.3100).   References: Arts, Nico. 2013. Een knekelveld maakt geschiedenis. Het archeologisch onderzoek van het koor en het grafveld van de middeleeuwse Catharinakerk in Eindhoven, circa 1200-1850. Rapport 22. Utrecht: Uitgeverij Matrijs. Baetsen, Steffen, Willem Baetsen, Martijn Defilet, and Gerben Zielman. 2018. ‘Sint-Jansbeek brengt Oude Kerkhof boven water. Graven bij de Arnhemse Eusebiuskerk’. Archeologie in Nederland 3: 34–43. Baetsen, Steffen, and L. Weterings-Korthorst. 2013. ‘De menselijke overblijfselen’. In Een knekelveld maakt geschiedenis. Het archeologisch onderzoek van het koor en het grafveld van de middeleeuwse Catharinakerk in Eindhoven, circa 1200-1850, edited by Nico Arts and E. Altena, 288. Utrecht: Uitgeverij Matrijs. Bainbridge, D., and S. Genoves Tarazaga. 1956. ‘A Study of Sex Differences in the Scapula’. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 86 (2): 109–34. https://doi.org/10.2307/2843994. Bass, W. M. 1987. Human Osteology: A laboratory and Field Manual. Missouri Archaeological Society. Special Publication 2. Columbia (Mo): Missouri Archaeological Society. Brooks, S., and J. M. Suchey. 1990. ‘Skeletal Age Determination Based on the Os Pubis: A Comparison of the Acsadi-Nemeskeri and Suchey-Brooks Methods’. Human Evolution 5 (3): 227–38. Buckberry, J.L., and A.T. Chamberlain. 2002. ‘Age Estimation from the Auricular Surface of the Ilium: A Revised Method’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 119 (3): 231–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10130. Buikstra, Jane E., and Douglas H. Ubelaker. 1997. Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. 3rd ed. Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series 44. Fayetteville, Arkansas: Arkansas Archaeological Survey. Clevis, Hemmy, and T. S. Constandse-Westermann. 1992. De doden vertellen: opgraving in de Broerekerk te Zwolle 1987-1988. Kampen: Stichting Archeologie IJssel/Vechtstreek III. Hakvoort, A. 2013. ‘De begravingen bij de Keyserkerk te Middenbeemster’. Hollandia Reeks 464. Hollandia Reeks. Zaandijk: Hollandia Archeologen. İşcan, M. Y., S. R. Loth, and R. K. Wright. 1985. ‘Age Estimation from the Rib by Phase Analysis: White Females’. Journal of Forensic Sciences 30 (3): 853–63. İşcan, M. Yaşar, Susan R. Loth, and Ronald K. Wright. 1984. ‘Metamorphosis at the Sternal Rib End: A New Method to Estimate Age at Death in White Males’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 65 (2): 147–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330650206. Lovejoy, C. Owen, Richard S. Meindl, Thomas R. Pryzbeck, and Robert P. Mensforth. 1985. ‘Chronological Metamorphosis of the Auricular Surface of the Ilium: A New Method for the Determination of Adult Skeletal Age at Death’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 68 (1): 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330680103. Maat, G. J. R., and R. W. Mastwijk. 2009. Manual for the Physical Anthropological Report. 6th ed. Barge’s Anthropologica 6. Leiden: Barge’s Anthropologica. Maat, George J. R. 2001. ‘Diet and Age-At-Death. Determination from Molar Attrition: A Review Related to the Low Countries’. The Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology 19: 18–21. McCormick, W. F., J. H. Stewart, and H. Greene. 1991. ‘Sexing of Human Clavicles Using Length and Circumference Measurements’. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 12 (2): 175–81. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000433-199106000-00017. Meindl, Richard S., and C. Owen Lovejoy. 1985. ‘Ectocranial Suture Closure: A Revised Method for the Determination of Skeletal Age at Death Based on the Lateral-Anterior Sutures’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 68 (1): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330680106. Phenice, T. W. 1969. ‘A Newly Developed Visual Method of Sexing the Os Pubis’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 30 (2): 297–301. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330300214. Stewart, T. D. 1979. Essentials of Forensic Anthropology. Springfield (Ill.): C. C. Thomas. Steyn, M., and M. Y. Işcan. 1999. ‘Osteometric Variation in the Humerus: Sexual Dimorphism in South Africans’. Forensic Science International 106 (2): 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(99)00141-3. Todd, T. 1920. ‘Age Changes in the Pubic Bones, I: The White Male Pubis’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 3: 285–334. Workshop for European Anthropologists (WEA). 1980. ‘Recommendations for Age and Sex Diagnoses of the Skeleton’. Journal of Human Evolution 9: 517–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchb.2005.07.002.

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Fig. 3. Four representative branchiopods from the central Paroo. A in On The Biodiversity Hotspot Of Large Branchiopods (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) In The Central Paroo In Semiarid Australia

Fig. 3. Four representative branchiopods from the central Paroo. A — Anostracan Branchinella australiensis; B — Notostracan Triops sp.; C — Spinicaudatan Limnadopsis tatei; D — Spinicaudatan Ozestheria lutraria.

FIG. 10 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 10. — LSI of sheep bone width measurements in statistically meaningful Early/Middle Bronze Age find complexes. For Barche di Solferino, see Figure 7.

FIG. 5 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 5. — LSI of sheep bone width measurements in broad chronological subdivision. For the results of the significance test, see Table 3.

FIG. 4 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 4. — The LSI median values of width measurements compared with the shoulder height of sheep in individual find complexes. Furthermore, sample size in shoulder height values is considered. Abbreviations: BA, Bronze Age; EBA, Early Bronze Age; EIA, Early Iron Age; IA, Iron Age; LBA, Late Bronze Age; LIA, Late Iron Age; MBA, Middle Bronze Age; NCA, Neolithic/Copper Age. Site numbering, see Tables 1, 2.

FIG. 9 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 9. — LSI of sheep bone width measurements in Neolithic/Copper Age archaeofaunas. For the results of the significance test, see Table 3.

FIG. 6 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 6. — LSI of sheep bone width measurements in several micro-regions (for the results of the significance test see Table 3). The sites are arranged in chronological orders and numbering refers to Table 1. Abbreviations: a, Northern Pre-Alps and Limestone Alps; b, Inn Valley; BA, Bronze Age; c,Val Venosta; d, Isarco Valley; e, Adige Valley and surroundings; EBA, Early Bronze Age; EIA, Early Iron Age; ELT, Early La Tène Period; f, Southern drop of the Alps with Lessinian Mountains and Northern Padanian Plain;IA, Iron Age; LBA, Late Bronze Age; LIA, Late Iron Age; LLT, Late La Tène Period; MBA, Middle Bronze Age; MLT, Middle La Tène Period; NCA, Neolithic/Copper Age.

FIG. 1 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 1. — The percentage of the main livestock species animals in Prehistoric Alpine find complexes., Neolithic/Copper Age;, Bronze Age;, Iron Age. Site numbering, see Table 1.

FIG. 11 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry

FIG. 11. — The Bronze Age sheep populations of the Northern Alpine Foreland and the Inn Valley in LSI comparison. For the results of the significance test, see Table 3.

Figs 1–10. M in Four New Species Of The Genus Melanagromyza (Diptera, Agromyzidae) From Ukraine

Figs 1–10. M. trapezoidea sp. n., holotype: 1, 2 — male head; 3 — phallus, ventral view; 4 — same, lateral view; 5 — epandrium-hypandrium complex; 6 — ejaculatory apodeme; 7 — male wing; paratype: 8 — spermathecae; 9 — egg guide, left blade; 10 — basiphallus (aberrant). Scale bar 0.1 mm.

Figs 30–38. M in Four New Species Of The Genus Melanagromyza (Diptera, Agromyzidae) From Ukraine

Figs 30–38. M. pratensis sp. n., holotype: 30, 31 — male head; 32 — phallus, ventral view; 33 — same, lateral view; 34 — male wing; 35 — epandrium-hypandrium complex; 36 — ejaculatory apodeme; paratype (female terminalia): 37 — spermathecae, VII tergit, VII sternit; 38 — ventral seminal receptacle, egg guide, left blade, proctiger and cerci. Scale bar 0.1 mm.

Figs 19–29. M in Four New Species Of The Genus Melanagromyza (Diptera, Agromyzidae) From Ukraine

Figs 19–29. M. cuprea sp. n., holotype: 19, 20 — male head; 21 — phallus, ventral view; 22 — same, lateral view; 23 — epandrium-hypandrium complex; 24 — ejaculatory apodeme; 25 — male wing; 26 — dorsocentral setae; paratype: 27 — spermathecae; 28 — egg guide, left blade; 29 — ventral seminal receptacle. Scale bar 0.1 mm.

Figs 11–18. M in Four New Species Of The Genus Melanagromyza (Diptera, Agromyzidae) From Ukraine

Figs 11–18. M. asymmetrica sp. n., holotype: 11, 12 — male head; 13 — phallus, ventral view; 14 — same, lateral view; 15 — epandrium-hypandrium complex and ejaculatory apodeme; 16 — male wing; paratype: 17 — spermatheca; 18 — egg guide, left blade. Scale bar 0.1 mm.