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826 results for “low level”
Data from: Turfgrass pedogenesis under low maintenance: an experimental analysis with Festuca rubra subspecies at different fertilization levels
<p>Fine-leaved turfgrass (sub)species can deal with stress situations resulting from climate change and a legislatory ban on chemical pest control, without losing turfgrass playability in golf. Low maintenance, including very low N-input and non-disturbance, is suggested to support turfgrass playability via control of excessive plant biomass growth to overcome soil layering. In a pot experiment, the development of visible plant biomass (VPB) in distinctive soil layers, thatch, mat and deeper soil layers, was analyzed in response to low N fertilization levels and non-disturbance maintenance, in three monocultures of fine-leaved <em>Festuca rubra</em> subspecies over the first 4 years of establishment. </p> <p>The experiment was designed as a factorial randomized block design with 4 replicates, consisting three N-fertilizer application levels (30, 60 and 90 kg N.ha<sup>-1</sup>.year<sup>-1</sup>), 3 <em>Festuca rubra</em> subspecies and three varieties per subspecies (Table 5.1). Varieties grew during 4 years in outdoor placed PVC pots (12.5 l, Ø 20 cm) constructed as a sandy USGA green with 30 cm rootzone over 10 cm gravel layer (USGA, 2015) at Lumbricus research facility in Herveld, The Netherlands (51°54’10.017”N, 5°44’10.586”E). The rootzone consisted a 95/5 v/v sand/heather compost mixture containing sand with a median grain size of 330 µm. For practical reasons pots were mown manually with a scissor, once a week at 6 mm height during growing season with clippings removed. Pots were only irrigated with tap water during dry warm periods when soil moisture content in the upper 6 cm dropped below 8% v/v,.</p> <p>An indication of growth rate was obtained from the collection of turfgrass clippings per pot during 7 months of the growing period in 2019. Fresh weight was measured monthly by collecting 4 clipping rounds per pot and stored in a fridge at 4 °C until measurements on a compound sample per pot at the end of the month were taken. In each pot, cores of the top 20 cm of the soil including aboveground biomass were taken with a core sampler (diameter 28 mm) in May/June 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 and in October 2018 and 2019. Cores were immediately divided into 4 distinctive layers, thatch + aboveground biomass, mat, remaining upper 10 cm soil and 10-20 cm soil. Distinction of the 4 layers followed the protocol of Evers et al. (2024). Aboveground biomass was separated with a scissor from the thatch. Sediment from thatch, mat, remaining upper 10 cm of soil and 10-20 cm soil was then carefully washed out with tap water, after which the remaining below-ground (dead and living) visible plant biomass and aboveground biomass was dried at 65 °C until stable weight and weighed. Total C and N analyses were carried out, from which C and N concentrations (in % of dry matter of plant biomass) and C to N ratios (CN ratio) were calculated. Immediately after the last moment of measurements in June 2021, one cultivar per subspecies of all these three cultivars were selected for microbial analyses in thatch and mat layers in both the low and high N-fertilizer input treatments, in all 4 replicates. Profiling of microbial communities via phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was carried out following the protocol of Buyer and Sasser (2012). The MIDI Sherlock PLFA Software Package (MIDI, Newark, Delaware, USA) was used for peak identification.</p> <p>Per turfgrass subspecies or variety, the best fitted line for thatch and mat depth development, i.e., with the smallest <em>rse</em>, was iteratively calculated by linear least square regression with the lm function in R (version 4.1.3; 2022-03-10) and by non-linear least square regression with the nls function in R. For the fitting of the statistical models, either a linear function (<em>F </em>(χ) = αχ +β), a logistic function (<em>F </em>(χ) = α/(1+e<sup>-(βχ+γ)</sup>) or a hyperbolic function (<em>F </em>(χ) = αχ/(β + χ)), was used, based on the best fit for the respective turfgrass species or variety.Best fit curves for the thatch and mat depth were determined from RMSE with the RMSE function in the qpcR package of R giving the possibility to compare the best fit between linear and non-linear models, and <em>p</em> values after examination of various possible models. With SPSS the effect of subspecies and N-fertilizer over time on growth rate, visible plant biomass concentration and CN ratio in a distinctive soil layer was analyzed with general linear models with time as repeated measurement. Mauchly’s test of sphericity was used with p < 0.05 for choosing the correct test of within-subject effects. When sphericity was not assumed, statistical correction of chi-square was done conservatively with Greenhouse-Giesser method when epsilon < 0.75 and with the lower-bound method when epsilon > 0.75. Multiple comparison for means across groups was done with Bonferroni's post hoc test when equal variances between groups were assumed.</p>
Figure 20. Lectotype Pseudoanthidium eversmanni. A in Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Figure 20. Lectotype Pseudoanthidium eversmanni. A, dorsal view; B, ventral metasoma; C, labels; D, S5 showing sternal combs; E, S7.
Figure 9. Dorsal habitus, females. A in Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Figure 9. Dorsal habitus, females. A, vertex Pseudoanthidium nanum (Kalpetran, Switzerland); B, vertex P. scapulare (Rich, Morocco); C, mesonotum P. nanum (Kalpetran, Switzerland); D, mesonotum P. scapulare (Rich, Morocco); E, metasoma P. nanum (Kalpetran, Switzerland); F, metasoma P. scapulare (Rich, Morocco).
Figure 4. Lectotype, Pseudoanthidium reptans. A in Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Figure 4. Lectotype, Pseudoanthidium reptans. A, face; B, dorsal view; C, labels; D, ventral view; E, apex of metasoma, showing tips of gonostyli.
Figure 3 in Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Figure 3. Best-scoring maximum likelihood tree based on analyses of the (A) 75% UCE matrix and (B) 100% UCE matrix. Numbers shown at nodes are maximum likelihood bootstrap values based on 1000 bootstrap replicates in RAxML. Only bootstrap values greater than 50% are shown. Terminals are labelled with a DNA extraction code corresponding to the whole-body extraction performed for UCE sequencing, the DNA extraction code for the same specimen based on single leg extractions performed for barcode sequencing, the species name, collection locality and either as male (m) or female (f). Three specimens (1800, 1802 and 1805) were only sequenced following the UCE protocol and thus have only a UCE extraction code.
Figure 1. A in Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Figure 1. A, nest of Pseudoanthidium stigmaticorne, in a capsule of Tulipa biflora Pall. (Lisya Bay, Crimea). Insert in lower right shows close-up of the same nest. Three males eventually emerged (photo Alexander V. Fateryga); B, Pseudoanthidium stigmaticorne nesting in a stem of Crambe maritima L. (Arabatskaya Strelka sand spit, Crimea). A pin is inserted to mark the nest (photo Sergey P. Ivanov).
Figure 17. Dorsal habitus, females. A in Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Figure 17. Dorsal habitus, females. A, vertex Pseudoanthidium stigmaticorne (Arzens, France); B, vertex P. cribratum (Bukhara, Uzbekistan); C, mesonotum P. stigmaticorne (Arzens, France); D, mesonotum P. cribratum (Bukhara, Uzbekistan); E, metasoma P. stigmaticorne (Arzens, France); F, metasoma P. cribratum (Bukhara, Uzbekistan).
Low-level Laser Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02944760. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
Testing the Use of Combination Therapy in Patients With Persistent Low Level Acute Myeloid Leukemia Following Initial Treatment, The ERASE Study (A MyeloMATCH Treatment Trial)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05554419. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
Effect of Low Level Laser on Orthodontic Canine Retraction
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04381442. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
Low Level Laser Therapy and Rocabado's Approach for Myogenic TMJ Disorders
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07026617. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels in Health and Stage III/IV Periodontitis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07157878. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
Evaluation of the Effect of Corticotomy and Low Level Laser Therapy on Orthodontic Tooth Movement
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03906084. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
The Performance of Pulse Oximeters in Pediatric Patients With Low Oxygen Saturation Levels
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00854048. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effects of Low LH Serum Levels on Ovarian Pick-up Outcome
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05755529. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
Low Level Laser Light Therapy as an Aid to Liposuction
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00927277. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
Protein Biomarker Levels in Tissue Samples From Young Patients With Low-risk Hodgkin Lymphoma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01366157. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
Effects of the Low-level Laser Therapy on Inflammatory Profile of the Patients With Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02709499. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
BTL-9000 Low Level Laser Therapy for the Waist Circumferential Reduction
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02023385. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
Low-Level Laser Therapy: an Efficient Supplement to Treatments of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus to Improve Quality of Life
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05060224. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.