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Data from: Recent chapters of Neotropical history overlooked in phylogeography: shallow divergence explains phenotype and genotype uncoupling in Antilophia manakins
Establishing links between phenotypic and genotypic variation is a central goal of evolutionary biology, as they might provide important insights into evolutionary processes shaping genetic and species diversity in nature. One of the more intriguing possibilities is when no genetic divergence is found to be associated with conspicuous phenotypic divergence. In that case, speciation theory predicts that phenotypic divergence may still occur in the presence of significant gene flow—thereby resulting in little genomic divergence—when genetic loci underpinning phenotypes are under strong divergent selection. However, a finding of phenotypic distinctiveness with weak or no population genetic structure may simply result from low statistical power to detect shallow genetic divergences when small datasets are used. Here, we used a subgenomic dataset of 2386 ultraconserved elements to explore genome-wide divergence between two species of Antilophia manakins, which are phenotypically distinct yet evidently lack strong genetic differentiation according to previous studies based on a limited number of loci. Our results revealed clear population structure that matches the two phenotypes, supporting the idea that smaller datasets lacked the power to detect this recent divergence event (likely < 100 k ya). Indeed, we found little or no introgression between the species, as well as evidence of genome-wide divergence. One implication of our study is that the Araripe plateau may be a hotspot of cryptic-diverging forest Cerrado populations. Besides their use in biogeography, subgenomic datasets may help redefine local conservation programs by revealing cryptic population structure that may be key to population management.
Interindividual plasticity in metabolic and thermal tolerance traits from populations subjected to recent anthropogenic heating
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>To better understand temperature's role in the interaction between local evolutionary adaptation and physiological plasticity, we investigated acclimation effects on metabolic performance and thermal tolerance among natural <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i> populations from different thermal environments. <i>F. heteroclitus </i>populations<i> </i>experience large daily and seasonal temperature variations, as well as local mean temperature differences across their large geographic cline. In this study, we focus on three populations: one locally heated (32°C) by thermal effluence (TE) from the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, NJ and two nearby reference populations that do not experience local heating (28°C). After acclimation to 12°C or 28°C, we quantified whole animal metabolic rate (WAM), critical thermal maximum (CTMax) and substrate specific cardiac metabolic rate (CaM, substrates: glucose, fatty acids, lactate plus ketones plus ethanol, and endogenous [i.e., no added substrates]) in ~160 individuals from these three populations. Populations showed few significant differences due to large interindividual variation within each population and variation in acclimation response within any single trait. In general, for WAM and CTMax the interindividual variation in acclimation response (log<sub>2</sub> ratio 28°C/12°C) was a function of performance at 12°C with greater acclimation response for individuals that had lower 12°C performance. In contrast, for CaM the rates when acclimated and assayed at 12°C or 28°C were nearly identical. The small differences in CaM between 12°C and 28°C temperature were partially explained by cardiac remodeling where individuals acclimated to 12°C had larger hearts than individuals acclimated to 28°C, resulting in a higher CaM rate per unit heart mass at 28°C than 12°C. Correlation among physiological traits were dependent on acclimation temperature. For example, WAM was negatively correlated with CTMax at 12°C but positively correlated at 28°C. Additionally, glucose substrate supported higher cardiac metabolism than fatty acid, and fatty acid supported higher cardiac metabolism than LKA or endogenous. However, these responses were highly variable with some individuals using much more FA than glucose. These data suggest a complex relationship between specific, temperature-dependent physiological traits. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Life history variation in an invasive plant is associated with climate and recent colonization of a specialist herbivore
<p><b>Premise:</b> Spatial variation in selective pressures can lead to intraspecific variation in life history, favoring some life histories and constraining others depending on the vulnerability of life stages. We examined how spatial variation in herbivory and climate influences flowering size and the occurrence of semelparity (reproducing once) versus iteroparity (reproducing multiple times) in the introduced range of an invasive plant, houndstongue (<i>Cynoglossum officinale</i>). Houndstongue is a short-lived semelparous perennial in its native range. In its introduced range, we previously documented increased rates of iteroparity and a higher median threshold flowering size compared to the native range. We hypothesized that the recent introduction of a specialist biocontrol insect (a root-boring weevil, <i>Mogulones crucifer</i>) would decrease threshold flowering size, and reduce the proportion of iteroparous plants, because <i>M. crucifer</i> preferentially attacks large individuals and may reduce overwinter survival.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We surveyed 24 sites across the northwestern United States to quantify the frequency of semelparity versus iteroparity and to estimate weevil abundance, and used demographic data collected from six sites to estimate median threshold flowering size.</p> <p><b>Key Results</b>: We found that sites with greater winter precipitation and no weevils had a greater proportion of iteroparous plants. Sites with higher weevil attack had a lower median threshold flowering size.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> The variation in frequency of flowering and threshold flowering size that we documented in North American houndstongue populations and the relationships between this variation and herbivory and climate provide evidence for how selective pressures covary with the life histories of invasive plants.</p>
Macroevolutionary foundations of a recently-evolved innate immune defense (data)
<p>Antagonistic interactions between hosts and parasites may drive the evolution of novel host defenses, or new parasite strategies. Host immunity is therefore one of the fastest evolving traits. But where do the novel immune traits come from? Here, we test for phylogenetic conservation in a rapidly evolving immune trait – peritoneal fibrosis. Peritoneal fibrosis is a costly defense against a specialist tapeworm, <em>Schistocephalus solidus</em> (Cestoda), expressed in some freshwater populations of threespine stickleback fish (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>, Perciformes). We asked whether stickleback fibrosis is a derived species-specific trait or an ancestral immune response that was widely distributed across ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) only to be employed by threespine stickleback against the specialist parasite. We combined literature review on peritoneal fibrosis with a comparative experiment using either parasite-specific, or non-specific, immune challenge in deliberately selected species across fish tree of life. We show that ray-finned fish are broadly, but not universally, able to induce peritoneal fibrosis when challenged with a generic stimulus (Alum adjuvant). The experimental species were, however, largely indifferent to the tapeworm antigen homogenate. Peritoneal fibrosis, thus, appears to be a common and deeply conserved fish immune response that was co-opted by stickleback to adapt to a new selective challenge.</p>
FIG. 12 in Quaternary and Recent shells of Ocenebra erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) and O. brevirobusta Houart, 2000 (Mollusca, Muricidae, Ocenebrinae): reflections on the intra- and interspecific variations
FIG. 12. — Favourite phylogenetic hypothesis.
Figure 41 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)
Figure 41. States of character 7. Development of fronto-parietal crests.
Figure 35 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)
Figure 35. States of character 1. Lengthening of the ethmovomerine region.
Figure 53 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)
Figure 53. States of character 19. Configuration of the first haemal spine.
Figure 40 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)
Figure 40. States of character 6. Anterior development of the supraoccipital.
Figure 61 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)
Figure 61. States of character 27. Posterior border of the posterior plate of the cleithrum.
Figure 59 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)
Figure 59. States of character 25. Hypurals (see also Table 3).
Figure 9 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)
Figure 9. Dorsicranium of †Lates bispinosus (holotype), in dorso-lateral view. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Large contribution of recent photosynthate to soil respiration in tropical dipterocarp forest revealed by girdling
<b>Description: </b><p>The research site is one of the existing intensive carbon plots (Tower Plot) at the SAFE Project Experimental area. The area where the plot is located will be converted into oil palm plantation during 2015-2017 (for commercial purposes, not for research). The overarching aim of the project is to assess how the termination of the transport of sugars and defoliation alter forest ecosystem functioning and structure.The aim of the project is:<br>1. To quantify the contribution of photosynthate supply to soil respiration: via the contribution of roots and soil microbial communities utilising root-derived carbon.<br>2. To assess whether there is a relationship between root respiration and tree species.<br>To address these aims, we girdled trees in one half of the plot (0.5 ha), leaving the other half (0.5 ha) as a control. In girdling, a strip of bark (including cambium and phloem) was removed from around the trunk, with the aim of stopping the transport of sugars from the foliage into the roots and soil. The transport of sugars stop immediately, allowing us to quantify their role in the root and soil processes. The girdled trees will gradually defoliate and die due to the carbon starvation of the roots. We wish to emphasise that these trees would have been felled anyway during the conversion to oil palm - this project is not causing any additional deforestation.<br>The processes measured are:<br>- CO2 fluxes from soil measured with portable chambers from which a gas sample is drawn and analysed in the field with a portable instrument (CO2) <br>- Changes in tree circumference monitored with automatic dendrometer bands.<br>- Terrestrial laser scanning (T-lidar), non-destructive method to quantify the 3D structure of the forest stand.Pre-girdling data of all processes will be collected, starting at least two months before the girdling. The girdling took place in early 2016, and the monitoring continued for twelve months afterwards.</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/28"><b>Tree girdling - BALI project</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC, the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (Grant, NE/K01627X/1, NE/G018278/1, INTER-TRANSFER LTT19018)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>Sabah Biodiversity Council (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.4 (3))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=5519572">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: BALI_Nottingham_Girdling_Data_2021_rev.xlsx</p><p><b>BALI_Nottingham_Girdling_Data_2021_rev.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 2 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>CO2 and H2O data</b> (described in worksheet CO2_H2O_data)</p><p>Description: Tree identity and mortality collected taken January 2016- January 2017; Soil respiration, soil temperature and January moisture measurements taken January- March 2016 in a girdled tropical forest using a LiCor 8100a </p><p>Number of fields: 12</p><p>Number of data rows: 12548</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>PlotName</b>: reference to the experiment location within the SAFE plot network (experiment took place in the 'Tower plot / SAF-05'') (Field type: location)</li><li><b>daynight</b>: defined by 6pm to 6am (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>date</b>: date of measurement (Field type: date)</li><li><b>plot</b>: subplot' in manuscript (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Rday</b>: relative data to the start of girdling (girdling day = 0) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>CO2</b>: soil CO2 efflux (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>H2O</b>: soil volumetric moisture (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>T</b>: soil temperature (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>port</b>: refers to soil collar location (we allocated chamber port to soil collar location) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>portplot</b>: soil collar location nested within plot (Field type: id)</li><li><b>time</b>: time of measurement (24h) (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>phase</b>: measurement period (see manuscript for phase definitions) (Field type: categorical)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Tree mortality data</b> (described in worksheet Mortality_data)</p><p>Description: Tree census of trees surroudings the points where Licor 8100a measurements were taken</p><p>Number of fields: 20</p><p>Number of data rows: 259</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>PlotName</b>: reference to the experiment location within the SAFE plot network (experiment took place in the 'Tower plot / SAF-05'') (Field type: location)</li><li><b>ForestPlotsCode</b>: reference to the experiment location within the SAFE plot network (experiment took place in the 'Tower plot / SAF-05'') (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Subplot</b>: subplots 1-12 included in the manuscript (Field type: id)</li><li><b>CensusDate</b>: date when trees were originally measured (Field type: date)</li><li><b>TagNumber</b>: tree tag identity (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Height_m</b>: tree height (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Comments</b>: comments about the tree (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>Family</b>: tree family (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Genus</b>: tree genus (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>SpeciesName</b>: tree species (Field type: comments)</li><li><b>WoodDensity</b>: wood density (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>CrownProjection_Area_m2_in2016</b>: Crown Projection Area in 2016 (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>X_m</b>: coordinates (Latitude) (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Y_m</b>: coordinates (Longitude) (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>GirdlingDeathDate</b>: girdling tree death date (Field type: date)</li><li><b>Biomass_kgPerStem</b>: Biomass_kgPerStem (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>Carbon_kgCperStem</b>: Carbon_kgCperStem (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>mortality</b>: mortality (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>DBHgrowth_cm_year</b>: DBHgrowth_cm_year (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>DBHAnnualGrowthRate</b>: DBHAnnualGrowthRate (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2015-08-04 to 2017-02-07</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0700</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Plantae <br> -  -  Tracheophyta <br> -  -  -  Magnoliopsida <br> -  -  -  -  Lamiales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lamiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callicarpa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Rosales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Urticaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pipturus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dendrocnide</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oreocnide</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Moraceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ficus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Malpighiales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Achariaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hydnocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euphorbiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaranga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cephalomappa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mallotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Phyllanthaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aporosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ixonanthaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ixonanthes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calophyllaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Calophyllum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Violaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rinorea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Ericales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pentaphylacaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Adinandra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sapotaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Palaquium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Symplocaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Symplocos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ebenaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Malvales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dipterocarpaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dipterocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dryobalanops</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parashorea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Malvaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pterospermum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Scaphium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Brownlowia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sterculia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neesia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diplodiscus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Laurales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lauraceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Actinodaphne</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eusideroxylon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Celastrales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Celastraceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lophopetalum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Magnoliales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Myristicaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Knema</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Annonaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Goniothalamus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polyalthia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maasia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Vitales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Vitaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Myrtales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Myrtaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lythraceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Duabanga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Cornales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cornaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alangium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Gentianales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rubiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neolamarckia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neonauclea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Urophyllum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pleiocarpidia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Fabales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Fabaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Saraca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Polygalaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Xanthophyllum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Cucurbitales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tetramelaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Octomeles</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Fagales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Fagaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Castanopsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Sapindales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sapindaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nephelium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dimocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pometia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Meliaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysoxylum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Burseraceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Canarium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Anacardiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Buchanania</i> <br></div><p></p>
Population bottleneck associated with but likely preceded the recent evolution of self-fertilization in a coastal dune plant
<p>Evolution of self-fertilization may be initiated by a historical population bottleneck, which should diagnostically reduce lineage-wide genetic variation. However, selfing can also strongly reduce genetic variation after it evolves. Distinguishing process from pattern is less problematic if mating system divergence is recent and geographically simple. Dramatically reduced diversity is associated with the transition from outcrossing to selfing in the Pacific coastal endemic Abronia umbellata that includes large-flowered, self-incompatible populations (var. umbellata) south of San Francisco Bay and small-flowered, autogamous populations (var. breviflora) to the north. Compared to umbellata, synonymous nucleotide diversity across 10 single-copy nuclear genes was reduced by 94% within individual populations and 90% across the whole selfing breviflora lineage, which contained no unique polymorphisms. The geographic pattern of genetic variation is consistent with a single origin of selfing that occurred recently (7–28 kya). These results are best explained by a historical bottleneck, but the two most northerly umbellata populations also contained little variation and clustered with selfing populations, suggesting that substantial diversity loss preceded the origin of selfing. A bottleneck may have set the stage for the eventual evolution of selfing by purging genetic load that prevents the spread of selfing.</p>
Figure 3. Three brooding Brettus cingulatus females. 1, Female guarding recently deposited eggs. 2 in Conversion of the egg nest to a brood nest by the female Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figure 3. Three brooding Brettus cingulatus females. 1, Female guarding recently deposited eggs. 2, Female with first instar young, still with little pigmentation of the opisthosoma. Note that almost all covering silk, white flecks, and eggshell fragments were absent at this stage. 3, Later first instar young with full pigmentation of the prosoma and opisthosoma, as well as pigmentation of each femur I. The female (not shown) was still guarding the brood at this stage. Photographs by Arundathi Sambayya taken at Bhimanakone, Sangara Taluk, Shimoga District, Karnataka, India.
Data for study "'Conditional Acceptance' (additional experiments required): A scoping review of recent evidence on key aspects of Open Peer Review"
<p>Dataset for study "‘Conditional Acceptance’ (additional experiments required): A scoping review of recent evidence on key aspects of Open Peer Review", 2022 preprint by Tony Ross-Hellauer and Serge Horbach.</p> <p>Dataset includes excel file with 10 sheets showing systematic literature search (per PRISMA-SCR protocol) of academic databases (Web of Science, Scopus), snowballing and web-search to identify 52 studies on key aspects of Open Peer Review published from Jan 2017 until May 2022.</p> <p><strong>Study Abstract: </strong>Diverse efforts are underway to reform the journal peer review system. Combined with growing interest in Open Science practices, Open Peer Review (OPR) has become of central concern to the scholarly community. However, what Open Peer Review is understood to encompass and how effective some of its elements are in meeting the expectations of the peer review system, are uncertain. This scoping review updates previous efforts to summarise research on OPR to date. Following the PRISMA methodological framework, it addresses the question: “What evidence has been reported in the scientific literature from 2017 to date regarding uptake, attitudes, and efficacy of two key aspects of Open Peer Review (Open Identities and Open Reports)?” The review identifies, analyses and synthesises 52 studies matching inclusion criteria, finding that OPR is growing, but still far from common practice. Our findings indicate positive attitudes towards Open Reports and more sceptical approaches to Open Identities. Changes in reviewer behaviour seem limited. and no evidence for lower acceptance rates of review invitations or slower turnaround times is reported. Concerns about power dynamics and potential backfiring on critical reviews are in need of further experimentation. We conclude that elements of OPR seem to be gaining acceptance, but more experimentation is needed. Evidence still mainly consists of either survey data or case studies of individual or few journals, not allowing for generalisability across fields and journals, and revealing no studies which compare the quality of review under Open Identities or Open Reports versus other modes of peer review.</p>
The genetic basis of plumage coloration and elevation adaptation in a clade of recently diverged alpine and arctic songbirds
<p>Trait genetic architecture plays an important role in the probability that variation in that trait leads to divergence and speciation. In some cases, speciation may be driven by the generation of novel phenotypes through the recombination of genes associated with traits that are important for local adaptation or sexual selection. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of three plumage color traits, and one ecological trait, breeding elevation, in a recent avian radiation, the North American rosy-finches (<em>Leucosticte</em> spp.). We identify unique genomic regions associated with each trait and highlight 11 candidate genes. Among these are well-characterized melanogenesis genes, including Mitf and Tyrp1, and previously reported hypoxia-related genes including Egln1. Additionally, we use mitochondrial data to date the divergence of rosy-finch clades which appear to have diverged within the past 250 ky. Given the low levels of genome-wide differentiation among rosy-finch taxa, and evidence for extensive introgression in North America, plumage coloration and adaptation to high elevations have likely played large roles in generating the observed patterns of lineage divergence. The relative independence of these candidate regions across the genome suggests that recombination might have led to multiple phenotypes, and subsequent rosy-finch speciation, over short periods of time.</p>
Patterns and processes in the history of body size in turritelline gastropods, Jurassic-to-Recent
<p>Body size is an important trait with implications for energy use and ecology as well as generation time and evolutionary rates. Turritelline gastropods are widely distributed through geologic time and space, making them an excellent group for evaluating macroevolutionary patterns. To evaluate the pattern of body size change in turritelline gastropods, we compiled a dataset of shell lengths of 316 species of turritelline gastropods spanning the Jurassic to Recent. Type specimens were almost always significantly larger than specimen distributions from the same species. We found that 1) turritelline gastropod size was inversely correlated with latitude, a trend likely driven by the Neogene-Recent diversification of small-bodied Southern Hemisphere taxa. A time series model was applied to distinguish among three possible macroevolutionary patterns: unbiased random walk (no directional trend), biased random walk (directional trend), and stasis (no net change). We found that 2) turritelline gastropods have experienced stasis in body size throughout their evolutionary history, adding to the growing literature documenting directionless body size trends in marine invertebrate clades. Stasis of geographically widespread clades may be the result of ecological variability across the environmental range occupied by the group or differential diversification into opposing environments. Turritelline life-history patterns, especially their reproductive strategy that combines a short lifespan and decline in growth rate around 1 year of age to reallocate energy to reproduction, might circumvent selection for longevity and larger size while further decrease in minimum size is likely limited by feeding efficiency and anti-predatory defense. The expectation that species or clades should continue to evolve to occupy larger size classes conflicts with the evolutionary advantages of small size, which in turritelline gastropods include high generational turnover and larger population sizes that yield opportunities for genetic variance.</p>
Dataset related to the publication "Recent advances in Fabry-Perot-based refractometry utilizing gas modulation for assessment of pressureDataset related to the publication"
<p>The data set consists of; The published paper, all figures that present measurement or simulation data in .png and .fig format and the underlying data plotted in the figures in text format. The published plots were generated from the fig files. The text files were generated by reading the plotted data from the fig files. The files are named Fig_XX were XX corresponds to the figure number in the publication. The format of the text file is as follows. Before every data set there is a header consisting of; The number of the subplot where the data is plotted (Plot: XX), the number of the data set in the sub plot (DataSet: XX), and the color of the line or marker in the plot (Color: XX). The description of what each color represents can be found in the publication.</p>
Interspecific territoriality has facilitated recent increases in the breeding habitat overlap of North American passerines
<p>As species' ranges shift in response to human-induced global changes, species interactions are expected to play a large role in shaping the resultant range dynamics and, subsequently, the composition of modified species assemblages. Most research on the impact of species interactions on range dynamics focuses on the effects of trophic interactions and exploitative competition for resources, but an emerging body of work shows that interspecific competition for territories and mates also affects species range shifts. As such, it is paramount to build a strong understanding of how these forms of behavioural interference between species impact landscape-scale patterns. Here, we examine recent (1997–2019) range dynamics of North American passerines to test the hypothesis that behavioural interference impacts the ease with which species move across landscapes. Over this 22-year period, we found that fine-scale spatial overlap between species (syntopy) increased more for species pairs that engage in interspecific territoriality than for those that do not. We found no evidence, however, for an effect of reproductive interference (hybridisation) on syntopy, and no effect of either type of interference on range-wide overlap (sympatry). Examining the net effects of species interactions on continent-scale range shifts may require species occurrence data spanning longer time periods than are currently available for North American passerines, but our results show that interspecific territoriality has had an overall stabilising influence on species coexistence over the past two decades.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.