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13,587 results for “specification”
Data from: Fledging mass is color morph specific and affects local recruitment in a wild bird
Early life conditions may have long-lasting effects on life history. In color polymorphic species, morph-specific sensitivity to environmental conditions may lead to differential fitness. In tawny owl (Strix aluco) pheomelanin-based color polymorphism is expected to be maintained because the brown morph has higher adult fitness in warmer environments, while selection favors the grey morph under colder conditions. Here we investigate body mass at fledging and its consequences until adulthood in a population at the species' cold range margin. Using 40 years of data (1979-2017), we show that brown pairs, which mainly produce brown offspring consistent with a one-locus-two-alleles inheritance model, consistently raised heavier offspring than mixed pairs (grey-brown) and grey pairs. Offspring mass declined seasonally, except among offspring raised by brown pairs. Brown offspring could be heavier due to morph-specific parental care and/or offspring growth. Furthermore, mass at fledging is associated with fitness: the probability of local recruitment into the breeding population increased with higher mass at fledging, especially in mild winters and favorable food conditions, although recruitment is not morph-specific. Fledgling mass thus provides a fitness benefit in terms of recruitment probability that is modulated by environmental factors, which appear to level off any direct morph-specific recruitment benefits.
Data from: Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs
Leaf traits are frequently measured in ecology to provide a 'common currency' for predicting how anthropogenic pressures impact ecosystem function. Here, we test whether leaf traits consistently respond to experimental treatments across 27 globally distributed grassland sites across 4 continents. We find that specific leaf area (leaf area per unit mass)—a commonly measured morphological trait inferring shifts between plant growth strategies—did not respond to up to four years of soil nutrient additions. Leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations increased in response to the addition of each respective soil nutrient. We found few significant changes in leaf traits when vertebrate herbivores were excluded in the short-term. Leaf nitrogen and potassium concentrations were positively correlated with species turnover, suggesting that interspecific trait variation was a significant predictor of leaf nitrogen and potassium, but not of leaf phosphorus concentration. Climatic conditions and pretreatment soil nutrient levels also accounted for significant amounts of variation in the leaf traits measured. Overall, we find that leaf morphological traits, such as specific leaf area, are not appropriate indicators of plant response to anthropogenic perturbations in grasslands.
HLA Class II specificity assessed by high-density peptide microarray interactions
<p>The ability to predict and/or identify MHC binding peptides is an essential component of T cell epitope discovery; something that ultimately should benefit the development of vaccines and immunotherapies. In particular, MHC class I (MHC-I) prediction tools have matured to a point where accurate selection of optimal peptide epitopes is possible for virtually all MHC-I allotypes; in comparison, current MHC class II (MHC-II) predictors are less mature. Since MHC-II restricted CD4+ T cells control and orchestrate most immune responses, this shortcoming severely hampers the development of effective immunotherapies. The ability to generate large panels of peptides and subsequently large bodies of peptide-MHC-II interaction data is key to the solution of this problem; a solution that also will support the improvement of bioinformatics predictors, which critically relies on the availability of large amounts of accurate, diverse and representative data. Here, we have used recombinant HLA-DRB1*01:01 and HLA-DRB1*03:01 molecules to interrogate high-density peptide arrays, <em>in casu</em> containing 70,000 random peptides in triplicates. We demonstrate that the binding data acquired contains systematic and interpretable information reflecting the specificity of the HLA-DR molecules investigated. Collectively, with a cost per peptide reduced to a few cents combined with the flexibility of recombinant HLA technology, this poses an attractive strategy to generate vast bodies of MHC-II binding data at an unprecedented speed and for the benefit of generating peptide-MHC-II binding data as well as improving MHC-II prediction tools.</p>
Data from: Shared and modality-specific brain regions that mediate auditory and visual word comprehension
<p>Visual speech carried by lip movements is an integral part of communication. Yet, it remains unclear in how far visual and acoustic speech comprehension are mediated by the same brain regions. Using multivariate classification of full-brain MEG data, we first probed where the brain represents acoustically and visually conveyed word identities. We then tested where these sensory-driven representations are predictive of participants' trial-wise comprehension. The comprehension-relevant representations of auditory and visual speech converged only in anterior angular and inferior frontal regions and were spatially dissociated from those representations that best reflected the sensory-driven word identity. These results provide a neural explanation for the behavioural dissociation of acoustic and visual speech comprehension and suggest that cerebral representations encoding word identities may be more modality-specific than often upheld.</p>
Bridge Integrator 2, a New Specific Target for Improving Reproductive Life Span through RPS6 and NNT
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Female ovary is the earliest degenerated organ and it faces distinct medical disadvantages that impair primordial follicle reserve and oocyte quality. Herein, we found that bridge integrator 2 (Bin2) was predominant within mouse ovaries and oocytes, and global-knockout of <em>Bin2</em> improved both female fertility and oocyte quality with healthy physiology in mice. Ovarian quantitative proteomics and phosphomics showed that <em>Bin2</em> knockout specifically decreased only p-RPS6 of mTOR pathway; meanwhile, it increased nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT), the free-radical detoxifier, over 6-fold. Mechanically, phosphorylation at Thr423 & Ser424 translocated membrane Bin2 into cytoplasm to phosphorylate RPS6, while p-RPS6 bound 42-95 bp NNT UTR to inhibit NNT translation. We then synthesized a peptide (BPP) to mimic Bin2 inhibition, and found that 3-week BPP injection improved primordial follicle reserve and oocyte quality in aging or chemotherapeutics-treated mice. In all, Bin2 inhibition improve both primordial follicle reserve and oocyte quality without discernible side effects.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Dataset Legends</strong></p> <p><strong>Supplementary Dataset 1.</strong></p> <p>Related to all fertility assays. WT mating male mice were monthly rotated between cages according to this random allocation table.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Dataset 2.</strong></p> <p>Related to figure 2A–C. This excel file contains three sheets: The “All identified phospho sites” sheet includes all site-phosphorylation values and related identified information from two repeats of WT and Bin2-knockout PND-21 ovaries. The “Bin2-KO vs WT ≥ 1.2 up” sheet includes all differential site-phosphorylation values and related information with 1.2-fold up-regulation. The “Bin2-KO vs WT ≤ 0.83 down” sheet includes all differential site-phosphorylation values and related information with 0.83-fold down-regulation.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Dataset 3.</strong></p> <p>Related to figures 2F, figure 5A and 5B. This excel file contains three sheets: The “All identified proteins” sheet includes all protein expression values and related identified information from two repeats of WT and Bin2-knockout PND-21 ovaries. The “Bin2-KO vs WT ≥ 1.2 up” sheet includes all differentially-expressed protein (DEP) values and related information with 1.2-fold up-regulation. The “Bin2-KO vs WT ≤ 0.83 down” sheet includes all differentially-expressed protein (DEP) values and related information with 0.83-fold down-regulation.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Dataset 4.</strong></p> <p>Related to figure 2G. This excel file contains one sheet: “All gene expression-FPKM & Log2” includes FPKM and Log2 values of all identified genes and related information from three repeats of PND-21 WT and Bin2-KO mouse ovaries. To avoid the illegal calculation of value “0,” we added a minimal value “0.001” to all original values (we have verified that this did not alter any differential trends).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Dataset 5.</strong></p> <p>Related to figure 6N-P. This excel file contains four sheets: The “All gene expression FPKM & Log2" sheet includes FPKM and Log2 values for all identified genes and related information from three repeats of the 2-month (2M), 9-month (9M), and 9-month + BPP (9M-BPP) groups. The “|Log2(Ave-2M)vs(Ave-9M)| ≥2” sheet includes all genes and related information with two-fold differential expression between the 2M and 9M groups. The “|Log2(Ave-9M-BPP)vs(Ave-9M)| ≥2” sheet includes all genes and related information with two-fold differential expression between the 9M-BPP and 9M groups. The “2Mvs9M-BPPvs9M overlap” includes all genes and related information that overlapped between “|Log2(Ave-2M)vs(Ave-9M)| ≥2” and “|Log2(Ave-9M-BPP)vs(Ave-9M)| ≥2”. To avoid the illegal calculation of value “0,” we added a minimal value “0.001” to all original values (we have verified that this did not alter any differential trends).</p>
Experimentally induced intrasexual mating competition and sex-specific evolution in female and male nematodes
Sexual dimorphism in life history traits and their trade-offs is widespread among sexually reproducing animals, and is strongly influenced by the differences in reproductive strategies between the sexes. We investigated how intrasexual competition (pre- and postcopulatory) acted on specific life history traits, important to fitness, and their trade-offs in the outcrossing nematode Caenorhabditis remanei. Here, we imposed strong sex-specific selection through experimental evolution with increased potential for intrasexual competition by skewing the adult sex ratio towards either males or females (1:10 or 10:1) over 30 generations, and subsequently measured the phenotypic response to selection in three traits related to fitness; body size, fecundity and tolerance to heat stress. We observed a stronger response to selection in females for body size and peak fitness, suggesting that females may experience stronger net selection and potentially harbour higher amounts of standing genetic variance compared to males. Our study highlights the importance of investigating direct and indirect effects of intrasexual competition in both sexes in order to capture sex-specific responses and understand the evolution of sexual dimorphism in traits expressed by both sexes.
Tracking long-distance migration of marine fishes using compound-specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids
The long-distance migrations by marine fishes are difficult to track by field observation. Here, we propose a new method to track such migrations using stable nitrogen isotopic composition at the base of the food web (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sub>Base</sub>), which allows for direct comparison of isotope ratios between proxy organisms of the isoscape and the target migratory animal. We initially constructed a <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sub>Base</sub> isoscape in the North Pacific by bulk and compound-specific isotope analyses of copepods (<i>n</i> = 360 and 24, respectively). We then determined retrospective <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sub>Base</sub> values of spawning chum salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus keta</i>) from their vertebral centra (10 sections from each of two salmon), and estimated their migration routes by using a state-space model. Our isotope tracking method successfully reproduced a known chum salmon migration route between the Okhotsk and Bering seas, and our findings suggest the presence of a migration route to the Bering Sea Shelf during a later growth stage.
Data Augmentation at the LHC through Analysis-specific Fast Simulation with Deep Learning: W+jet large test dataset
<p>W+jet events at generator and reconstruction level, used to train analysis-specific generative models.</p> <p>Events are represented as an array of relevant high-level features. Reco objects are matched to Gen objects and a minimal selection is applied to define the generator support in the N-dim space identified by the input features.</p> <p>About 2M events, used for large-scale testing</p> <p>Details in https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.01835</p>
Sex-specific intergenerational plasticity I: maternal and paternal effects on sons and daughters
<p>1. Intergenerational plasticity or parental effects – when parental environments alter the phenotype of future generations – can influence how organisms cope with environmental change. An intriguing, underexplored possibility is that sex –of both the parent and the offspring – plays an important role in driving the evolution of intergenerational plasticity in both adaptive and nonadaptive ways.</p> <p>2. Here, we evaluate the potential for sex-specific parental effects in a freshwater population of threespined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) by independently and jointly manipulating maternal and paternal experiences and separately evaluating their phenotypic effects in sons versus daughters. We tested the adaptive hypothesis that daughters are more responsive to cues from their mother, while sons are more responsive to cues from their father.</p> <p>3. We exposed mothers, fathers, or both parents to visual cues of predation risk and measured offspring antipredator traits and brain gene expression.</p> <p>4. Predator-exposed fathers produced sons that were more risk-prone, while predator-exposed mothers produced more anxious sons and daughters. Further, maternal and paternal effects on offspring survival were nonadditive: offspring with a predator-exposed father, but not two predator-exposed parents, had lower survival against live predators. There were also strong sex-specific effects on brain gene expression: exposing mothers versus fathers to predation risk activated different transcriptional profiles in their offspring, and sons and daughters strongly differed in the ways in which their brain gene expression profiles were influenced by parental experience.</p> <p>5. We found little evidence to support the hypothesis that offspring prioritize their same-sex parent's experience. Parental effects varied with both the sex of the parent and the offspring in complicated and nonadditive ways. Failing to account for these sex-specific patterns (e.g., by pooling sons and daughters) would have underestimated the magnitude of parental effects. Altogether, these results draw attention to the potential for sex to influence patterns of intergenerational plasticity and raise new questions about the interface between intergenerational plasticity and sex-specific selective pressures, sexual conflict, and sexual selection. </p>
Lineage-specific patterns of chromosome evolution are the rule not the exception in Polyneoptera insects
The structure of a genome can be described at its simplest by the number of chromosomes and the sex chromosome system it contains. Despite over a century of study, the evolution of genome structure on this scale remains recalcitrant to broad generalisations that can be applied across clades. To address this issue, we have assembled a dataset of 823 karyotypes from the insect group Polyneoptera. This group contains orders with a range of variations in chromosome number, and offer the opportunity to explore the possible causes of these differences. We have analysed this data using both phylogenetic and taxonomic approaches. Our analysis allows us to assess the importance of rates of evolution, phylogenetic history, sex chromosome systems, parthenogenesis, and genome size on variation in chromosome number within clades. We find that fusions play a key role in the origin of new sex chromosomes and that orders exhibit striking differences in rates of fusions, fissions, and polyploidy. Our results suggest that the difficulty in finding consistent rules that govern evolution at this scale may be due to the presence of many interacting forces that can lead to variation among groups.
Data from: Sex-specific effects of experimental ectoparasite infestation on telomere length in great tit nestlings
<p>Telomere length is a biomarker of biological ageing and lifespan in various vertebrate taxa. Evidence is accumulating that telomeres shorten more rapidly when an individual is exposed to environmental stressors. Parasites are potent selective agents that can cause physiological stress directly or indirectly through the activation of the host's immune system. Yet to date, empirical evidence for a role of parasites in telomere dynamics in natural populations is limited.</p> <p>Here we show experimentally that exposure to ectoparasitic hen fleas (<i>Ceratophyllus gallinae</i>) during growth results in shorter telomeres in female, but not male, great tit (<i>Parus major</i>) nestlings. Females had significantly longer telomeres than males when growing up in experimentally deparasitized nests but because of the sex-specific effects of parasitism on telomere length, this sexual dimorphism was absent in birds growing up in experimentally infested nests. Our results provide the first experimental evidence for a role of ectoparasitism in telomere dynamics in a natural vertebrate population, and suggest that the costs of infection manifest in sex-specific ways.</p>
CusVarDB: A tool for building customized sample-specific variant protein database from Next-generation sequencing datasets
<p>CusVarDB is a windows based tool for creating a variant protein database from Next-generation sequencing datasets. The program supports variant calling for Genome, RNA-Seq and exome datasets.</p> <p>This repository will provide the resultant variant peptides identified in our study and its corresponding information. The detailed information of the table is given below.</p> <p>Supplementary Table 1. This table contains the resultant variant peptides along with its wild-type peptides from BT474, MDMAB157, MFM223, and HCC38 datasets. Along with mutant peptides, this section also provides additional information such as peptide-spectrum match (PSM), Protein accession, cross-correlation value from the search (Xcorr), and retention time (RT).</p> <p>Supplementary Table 2. This table provides the complete details of the resultant peptides. Here the mutant and corresponding wild-type peptides are mentioned in different sheets. For a given mutant peptide its wild-type peptide and corresponding information can be mapped using the VLOOKUP function in Excel by keeping column A (Sl.No) as lookup parameter.</p> <p>Supplementary Table 3. This table briefs about the variants which are already reported in other cancers.</p>
Sex-specific patterns of senescence in artificial insect populations varying in sex-ratio to manipulate reproductive effort
<p><strong>Background:</strong> The disposable soma theory of ageing assumes that organisms optimally trade-off limited resources between reproduction and longevity to maximize fitness. Early reproduction should especially trade-off against late reproduction and longevity because of reduced investment into somatic protection, including immunity. Moreover, as optimal reproductive strategies of males and females differ, sexually dimorphic patterns of senescence may evolve. In particular, as males gain fitness through mating success, sexual competition should be a major factor accelerating male senescence. In a single experiment, we examined these possibilities by establishing artificial populations of the mealworm beetle, <em>Tenebrio molitor</em>, in which we manipulated the sex-ratio to generate variable levels of investment into reproductive effort and sexual competition in males and females.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> As predicted, variation in sex-ratio affected male and female reproductive efforts, with contrasted sex-specific trade-offs between lifetime reproduction, survival and immunity. High effort of reproduction accelerated mortality in females, without affecting immunity, but high early reproductive success was observed only in balanced sex-ratio condition. Male reproduction was costly on longevity and immunity, mainly because of their investment into copulations rather than in sexual competition.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our results suggest that <em>T. molitor</em> males, like females, maximize fitness through enhanced longevity, partly explaining their comparable longevity. </p>
Human 5'-Aminolevulinate Synthase, Erythroid-Specific (ALAS2); A Target Enabling Package
<p>Erythorid specific 5’-Aminolevulinate synthase (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/212">ALAS2</a>) catalyses the first and rate-determining step in haem biosynthesis during erythroid development. This TEP provides the structural biology tools to facilitate two aspects of ALAS2 research: (i) understanding how mutations in the ALAS2 C-terminus, a region unique to higher eukaryotes, lead to over-activity of the enzyme associated with a gain-of-function disorder; and (ii) providing chemical starting points to explore metabolic intervention of ALAS2, as substrate reduction therapy for the group of porphyria disorders that are associated with haem biosynthetic steps downstream of ALAS2.</p>
Mixed-stock analysis using Rapture genotyping to evaluate stock-specific exploitation of a walleye population despite weak genetic structure
<p>Mixed-stock analyses using genetic markers have informed fisheries management in cases where strong genetic differentiation occurs among local spawning populations, yet many fisheries are supported by multiple spawning stocks that are weakly differentiated. Freshwater fisheries exemplify this problem, with many harvested populations supported by multiple stocks of young evolutionary age and that are isolated across small spatial scales. As a result, attempts to conduct genetic mixed-stock analyses of inland fisheries have often been unsuccessful. Advances in genomic sequencing now offer the ability to discriminate among populations with weak population structure, by providing the necessary resolution to conduct mixed-stock assignment among previously indistinguishable stocks. We demonstrate the use of genomic data to conduct a mixed-stock analysis of Lake Erie's commercial and recreational walleye (<em>Sander vitreus</em>) fisheries and estimate the relative harvest of weakly differentiated stocks. We used RAD-capture (Rapture) to sequence and genotype individuals at 12,081 loci that had been previously determined to be capable of discriminating between western and eastern basin stocks (mean pairwise F<sub>ST</sub> = 0.001) with 95% reassignment accuracy. An outcome not possible in the past with microsatellite markers. Genetic assignment of 1,075 fish harvested from recreational and commercial fisheries in the eastern basin indicated that western basin stocks supported the majority of the harvest during peak harvest (July – September). Composition of harvest changed seasonally, with eastern basin fish comprising much of the early season harvest (May – June). Clear spatial structure in stock-specific harvest existed; more easterly sites contained more individuals of east basin origin than did westerly sites. Our study provides important stock contribution estimates for Lake Erie fishery management and demonstrates the power of genomic data to facilitate mixed-stock analysis in exploited fish populations with weak population structure or limited existing genetic resources.</p>
Data from: Multidimensional plasticity in the Glanville fritillary butterfly: larval performance is temperature, host and family specific
<p>Variation in environmental conditions during development can lead to changes in life-history traits with long-lasting effects. Here, we study how variation in temperature and host plant, i.e. the consequences of potential maternal oviposition choices, affects a suite of life-history traits in pre-diapause larvae of the Glanville fritillary butterfly. We focus on offspring survival, larval growth rates and relative fat reserves, and pay specific attention to intraspecific variation in the responses (GxExE). Globally, thermal performance and survival curves varied between diets of two host plants, suggesting that host modifies the temperature impact, or <i>vice versa</i>. Additionally, we show that the relative fat content has a host-dependent, discontinuous response to developmental temperature. This implies that a potential switch in resource allocation, from more investment in growth at lower temperatures to storage at higher temperatures, is dependent on the larval diet. Interestingly, a large proportion of the variance in larval performance is explained by differences among families, or interactions with this variable. Finally, we demonstrate that these family-specific responses to the host plant remain largely consistent across thermal environments. Altogether, the results of our study underscore the importance of paying attention to intraspecific trait variation in the field of evolutionary ecology.</p>
Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi
<p class="Corps"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Sporocarps (fruit bodies) are the sexual reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi. They are highly nutritious and consequently vulnerable to grazing by birds and small mammals, and invertebrates, and can be infected by microbial and fungal parasites and pathogens. The complexity of communities thriving inside sporocarps is largely unknown. In this study, we revealed the diversity, taxonomic composition and host-preference of fungicolous fungi (i.e fungi that feed on other fungi) in sporocarps. We carried out DNA metabarcoding of the ITS2 region from 176 sporocarps of 11 wood-decay fungal host species, all collected within a forest in northeast Finland. We assessed the influence of sporocarp traits, such as lifespan, morphology and size, on the fungicolous fungal community. The level of colonisation by fungicolous fungi, measured as the proportion of non-host ITS2 reads, varied between 2.8-39.8% across the 11 host species and was largely dominated by Ascomycota. Host species was the major determinant of the community composition and diversity of fungicolous fungi, suggesting that host adaptation is important for many fungicolous fungi. Furthermore, the alpha-diversity was consistently higher in short-lived and resupinate sporocarps compared to long-lived and pileate ones, perhaps due to a more hostile environment for fungal growth in the latter too. The fungicolous fungi represented numerous lineages in the fungal tree of life, among which a significant portion was poorly represented with reference sequences in databases. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Populations of arable weed species show intra-specific variability in germination base temperature but not in early growth rate
<p>Key plant traits affecting growth performance can differ among and within species, influencing competitive plant community dynamics. We determined the intra-specific variability of germination base temperature among 13 arable weed species and the seedlings' early post-emergence relative growth rate among 21 species in climate chamber and green house experiments. Intra-specific variability was quantified with two seed populations (originating from contrasting climate in Germany & France) for the germination base temperature of 6 species and for the early growth rate of 16 species. Inter-specific variability for both traits was always higher than intra-specific variability. Within a given species, we found that germination base temperatures were higher in seeds stemming from colder climate populations. Seedling relative growth rates did not differ between seed populations. Models simulating weed growth should reflect these differences in germination traits among populations, especially when they are used for weed community assembly studies in a local to regional extent.</p>
A putative telomerase activator has tissue-specific effects on telomere length in a developing songbird
<p>There is good evidence that telomeres predict variation in health and longevity, yet it is unclear whether these patterns are causally derived from telomeres <i>per se</i>, in part because relatively little research directly manipulates telomere length during early life, when telomere shortening is most dynamic. Here, we test how the telomerase activator TA-65 (i.e., cycloastrogenol) affects telomere length in five tissues during the peak of growth in the wild tree swallow (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i>). Following 8 days of oral TA-65 administration, chicks experienced telomere lengthening in the blood and accelerated feather growth, but no changes to mass over time. TA-65 did not affect telomere length in the brain or spleen and led to shorter telomeres in the liver and adrenals. This whole-organism experimental manipulation of telomere dynamics therefore reveals limitations to telomere protection and biological senescence. In doing so, this work advances our understanding of early-life telomere dynamics and their potential role in generating future variation in health and lifespan.</p>
Data from: Sexual selection maintains a female-specific character in a species with dynamic sex roles
The effects of sexual selection are more conspicuous among male animals, and as a result the majority of sexual selection research focuses on males. However, burgeoning evidence suggests that sexual selection also acts on females, and there have been calls for an increased focus on females. Here, we used a multivariate approach to analyze sexual selection in Kawanaphila nartee, a spermatophore gift-giving bushcricket with dynamic sex roles. Early in the breeding season females compete for males, and later, when environmental food resources are more abundant, sex roles revert to Darwinian convention. Ear size, which is much greater in females than in males, has been suggested to affect female fitness, as females with larger ears are more likely to reach calling males first under sex role reversed conditions. We tested this suggestion and found evidence of positive linear and nonlinear correlational selection acting on female ear size early in the breeding season (under reversed sex roles), but not later in the breeding season (under Darwinian sex roles). Interestingly, there was no correlation between mating success and reproductive success (Bateman gradient) at any time during the season. Together, our results indicate that even brief and circumscribed periods of intrasexual competition among females can lead to sexual selection on morphological characters, and that this selection may not depend on multiple mating. Considering the wealth of reports in the literature of brief episodes of intrasexual competition among female animals, we recommend increased study of sexual selection acting on females.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.