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Fig. 10 in Vanewrightia gen. nov.-A Highly Variable Taxon of Neotropical Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) Revealed by Behavioral Traits

Fig. 10. (A‒C) Male specimens of Vanewrightia gen. nov., collected at pyrrolizidine alkaloid baits in the daytime in French Guiana (courtesy of Robert Vande Merghel); left upperside, right underside. (D) Male genitalia of FG02; dorsal, ventral, phallus from left to right. Details on specimen codes in Table 2. Scale bars = (A‒C) 1 cm, (D) 1 mm.

Fig. 9 in Vanewrightia gen. nov.-A Highly Variable Taxon of Neotropical Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) Revealed by Behavioral Traits

Fig. 9. (A‒M) Male specimens of Vanewrightia gen. nov., collected at pyrrolizidine alkaloid baits in the daytime in Peru but in habitats other than Panguana (see Fig. 2); left upperside, right underside. (N‒R) Male genitalia of selected specimens; dorsal, ventral, phallus from left to right. Details on specimen codes in Table 2. Scale bars = (A‒M) 1 cm, (N‒R) 1 mm.

Fig. 8 in Vanewrightia gen. nov.-A Highly Variable Taxon of Neotropical Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) Revealed by Behavioral Traits

Fig. 8. Holotypes of (A) Napata subflavescens Kaye, 1911 and (B) Loxozona patawaensis Cerda, 2017, both here transferred to Vanewrightia gen. nov.; left upperside, right underside. (C) Genitalia (dorsal, ventral, phallus) of V. patawaensis. Courtesy of B. Hermier (A) and J.-A. Cerda (B); (B, C) from Cerda (2017). Scale bars = (A, B) 1 cm, (C) 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in Vanewrightia gen. nov.-A Highly Variable Taxon of Neotropical Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) Revealed by Behavioral Traits

Fig. 5. Genitalia of the male holotype of Vanewrightia kiesela sp. nov. (PH23). (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) lateral, (D) phallus, (E) peculiar process on tegumen near junction with valvae (encircled in A‒C; arrows in E) enlarged. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 6 in Vanewrightia gen. nov.-A Highly Variable Taxon of Neotropical Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) Revealed by Behavioral Traits

Fig. 6. (A‒K) Male genitalia (dorsal, ventral, phallus) of a selection of specimens of Vanewrightia kiesela sp. nov. (see Figs. 2 and 3 for habitus). Details on specimen codes inTable 2. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Vanewrightia gen. nov.-A Highly Variable Taxon of Neotropical Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) Revealed by Behavioral Traits

Fig. 3. Extreme variants of Vanewrightia kiesela sp. nov., arrows pointing to shared diagnostic characters; see text; left upperside, right underside. Details on specimen codes inTable 2. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Fig. 1 in Vanewrightia gen. nov.-A Highly Variable Taxon of Neotropical Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) Revealed by Behavioral Traits

Fig. 1. Male Vanewrightia kiesela sp. nov. gathering pyrrolizidine alkaloids from dry Heliotropium indicum plant material put out as bait. Arrow points to uncoiled proboscis.

Fig. 2 in Vanewrightia gen. nov.-A Highly Variable Taxon of Neotropical Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) Revealed by Behavioral Traits

Fig. 2. Examples of variants of male specimens of Vanewrightia kiesela sp. nov., collected at pyrrolizidine alkaloid baits during the day in Panguana/Peru (PH), showing the surprisingly large range of variation within a single population, sorted according to the amount of yellow on the upperside wings; left upperside, right underside. Details on specimen codes inTable 2. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Fig. 15 in Vanewrightia gen. nov.-A Highly Variable Taxon of Neotropical Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) Revealed by Behavioral Traits

Fig. 15. Small selection of moths from Panguana with an oblique forewing band (see Fig. 4), photographed in resting position; sizes not adjusted. (A) Ordishia rutilus. (B) Loxozona lanceolata. (C) Epidesma crameri. (D) Euchlaenidia ockendeni Rothschild, 1910. (E) E. aurimacula. (F) Proutiella esoterica.

Fig. 14 in Vanewrightia gen. nov.-A Highly Variable Taxon of Neotropical Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) Revealed by Behavioral Traits

Fig. 14. Variants of Chamaelimnas briola Bates, 1868 (Riodinidae: Riodininae: Riodinini) from Sangay National Park, Ecuador, sorted according to the amount of yellow on the upperside wings (reproduced with permission from Petit 2019; re-arranged). Compare the variation in pattern elements of this butterfly with those of Vanewrightia (Figs. 2, 9, 10, and 11). Natural size 29‒33 mm.

Fig. 4 in Vanewrightia gen. nov.-A Highly Variable Taxon of Neotropical Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) Revealed by Behavioral Traits

Fig. 4. Examples of arctiine and dioptine (*) species with a forewing oblique band co-occuring with Vanewrightia kiesela sp. nov. in Panguana/Peru, collected at PA-baits at night or at light, respectively (see also Fig. 12). They are potentially mistakable for V. kiesela but compare with Figs. 2 and 3 for differences in hindwing shape and position of forewing oblique band, missing yellow on hindwing undersides, etc.; left upperside, right underside. (A) Loxozona lanceolata (Walker, 1854). (B) L. nitens Rothschild, 1912. (C*) Lyces flavissima Walker, 1854. (D) Oridishia klagesi (Rothschild, 1909). (E*) Erbessa ursula (Hering, 1925). (F*) Proutiella esoterica Prout, 1918. (G) O. rutilus (Stoll, 1782). (H*) Erbessa sp. (I) Antona sp. (K*) P. tegyra Druce, 1899. (L) Aclytia sp. Note that all arctiines lack the angled hindwing margin. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Fig. 11 in Vanewrightia gen. nov.-A Highly Variable Taxon of Neotropical Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) Revealed by Behavioral Traits

Fig. 11. Examples of unnamed moths housed in the NHMUK and showing characters typical for Vanewrightia gen. nov.; see text; left upperside, right underside. (A‒E) Group A (D is mirrored because the specimen misses the left forewing). (F‒K) Group B. (L) Group C. Details on specimen codes inTable 2. Photographs by Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 5 in Pseudoaliinostoc sejongens gen. & sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) from floodplain soil of the Geum River in Korea based on polyphasic approach

FIGURE 5. Nucleotide divergences of the cyanobacteria 16S rRNA gene sequences (datasets used in Table 2) based on corrected pairwise genetic distance (p-distance), including Pseudoaliinostoc. Genetic distances between each paired sequence were calculated by Kimura 2-parameter model, where a total of 30 cyanobacteria species (30 sequences) were compared. Bar heights indicate % p-distance measured for intra-genera [e.g., Pseudoaliinostoc (Ps), Aliinostoc (Al), 5 genera of Aliinostoc relatives, including Anabaenopsis (An), Cyanospira (Cy), Halotia (Ha), Kryptousia (Kr), and Nodularia (No)] and inter-genera [e.g., PA vs. Al and between sister genera, including Kr vs. Tolypothrix (To), Ha vs. To, Kr vs. Ha, Cy vs. No, Cy vs. No, No vs. An, and Cy vs. An]. The values are shown as mean ±SD (Standard Deviation). Statistical analysis showed that the 16S rRNA gene divergence were significantly higher in Ps vs. Al than that calculated between tested sister genera (t-test, ** P <0.01, N = 26).

FIGURE 4. Secondary structures for the D1–D1 in Pseudoaliinostoc sejongens gen. & sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) from floodplain soil of the Geum River in Korea based on polyphasic approach

FIGURE 4. Secondary structures for the D1–D1ʹ and Box-B in conserved regions of the 16S–23S ITS. (A, H) Aliinostoc morphoplasticum; (B, I) A. magnakinetifex; (C, J) A. catenatum; (D) Pseudoaliinostoc soli; (E) P. tiwarii; (F, K) P. constrictum; (G, L) P. sejongens.

FIGURE 3 in Pseudoaliinostoc sejongens gen. & sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) from floodplain soil of the Geum River in Korea based on polyphasic approach

FIGURE 3. Alignment of the 16S–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from Nostoc sp., Aliinostoc morphoplasticum, and Pseudoaliinostoc sejongens. Different conserved domains (D1–D5), tRNA genes, major variable stems V2 and V3, and antiterminator (Box- B and Box-A) are indicated by boxes and names. Nostoc and P. sejongens contain both tRNAIle and tRNAAla, whereas A. morphoplasticum does not have tRNAIle. All compared sequences contain important structural elements of the ITS as described by Boyer et al. (2001).

FIGURE 1 in Pseudoaliinostoc sejongens gen. & sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) from floodplain soil of the Geum River in Korea based on polyphasic approach

FIGURE 1. Microscopic photographs of Pseudoaliinostoc sejongens. (A) Amorphous mucilage (am) at the colony edge; (B, C) Arrangement of trichomes in the colony; (D, E) Hormogonia; (F, G) Barrel-shaped of vegetative cells and rounded apical cell; (H, I) Rounded conical apical cell; (J) Firm trichome with partially visible firm sheath (sh); (K) Hyaline sheaths (Chinese ink); (L) Thin and hyaline sheaths (Chinese ink); (M–O) Variable size of intercalary heterocytes (ih); (P, Q) Akinetes (ak); (R) Spherical intercalary heterocyte and subelliptical terminal heterocyte (th); (S) Akinete and heterocyte in trichomes. Scale bars, 50 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (C–S).

FIGURE 19 in Carinozetes Nov. Gen. (Acari: Oribatida) From Bermuda And Remarks On The Present Status Of The Family Selenoribatidae

FIGURE 19: Carinozetes bermudensis protonymph, lateral view.

FIGURE 12 in Carinozetes Nov. Gen. (Acari: Oribatida) From Bermuda And Remarks On The Present Status Of The Family Selenoribatidae

FIGURE 12: Carinozetes bermudensis adult: A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – lateral view.

FIGURE 8 in Carinozetes Nov. Gen. (Acari: Oribatida) From Bermuda And Remarks On The Present Status Of The Family Selenoribatidae

FIGURE 8: Carinozetes trifoveatus tritonymph: A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – lateral view.

FIGURE 1 in Carinozetes Nov. Gen. (Acari: Oribatida) From Bermuda And Remarks On The Present Status Of The Family Selenoribatidae

FIGURE 1: Carinozetes trifoveatus adult: A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – lateral view.