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FIGURE 26 in New species and a new record of the mite family Scutacaridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from alpine New Zealand

FIGURE 26. DIC micrographs of Scutacarus spinisetus sp. nov., female: A—posterior half of the body in dorsal view, Banterior half of the body in ventral view.

FIGURE 35 in New species and a new record of the mite family Scutacaridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from alpine New Zealand

FIGURE 35. Scutacarus novaezealandicus sp. nov., female: A—right leg III in dorsal view, B—right leg IV in ventral view.

FIGURE 7 in New species and a new record of the mite family Scutacaridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from alpine New Zealand

FIGURE 7. Diversipes laticaudatus sp. nov., female: A—dorsum of the body, B—venter of the body. Legs omitted.

FIGURE 25 in New species and a new record of the mite family Scutacaridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from alpine New Zealand

FIGURE 25. Scutacarus spinisetus sp. nov., female: A—right leg III in dorsal view, B—left leg IV in ventral view.

FIGURE 24 in New species and a new record of the mite family Scutacaridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from alpine New Zealand

FIGURE 24. Scutacarus spinisetus sp. nov., female: A—left leg I in dorsal view, B—left leg II in dorsal view.

FIGURE 10 in New species and a new record of the mite family Scutacaridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from alpine New Zealand

FIGURE 10. DIC micrographs of Diversipes laticaudatus sp. nov., female: A—dorsal view, B—ventral view.

FIGURE 3. Imparipes woodi Mahunka, 1974 in New species and a new record of the mite family Scutacaridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from alpine New Zealand

FIGURE 3. Imparipes woodi Mahunka, 1974, female: A—right leg I in dorsal view, B—right leg II in dorsal view.

FIGURE 39 in New species and a new record of the mite family Scutacaridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from alpine New Zealand

FIGURE 39. Scutacarus crassus sp. nov., female: A—right leg I in dorsal view, B—right leg II in dorsal view.

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FIGURE 2. A in Two new day-flying species of Agrotis Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from the alpine summit of the Maunakea Volcano

FIGURE 2. A: Wing venation of A. helela (from slide LB81 "wings"). B: Wing venation of A. kuamauna (from slide LB82 "wings"). C: A. kuamauna larva, length = 20mm. D: A. kuamauna pupa, length = 15mm.

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FIGURE 1. A in Two new day-flying species of Agrotis Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from the alpine summit of the Maunakea Volcano

FIGURE 1. A: A. helela, paratype voucher AP117, wing expanse 28.5mm. B: A. kuamauna, holotype voucher AP114, wing expanse 46.6mm. C. A. kuamauna, paratype (voucher AP114; UHIM), wing expanse 40.5mm. D: A. epicremna (voucher AP327; UHIM), wing expanse 48mm. E: A. helela, paratype (voucher AP117; UHIM), wing expanse 24mm. F: A. microreas (BPBM), wing expanse 26mm.

FIGURES 152‒153 in The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

FIGURES 152‒153. Reconstruction of ancestral states by parsimony in Mesquite for two colour-pattern characters each with two states among species based on the estimate of phylogeny in Fig. 138, several of which are polymorphic and show both states for both characters (re-drawn from Williams et al. 2015): (152) banding colour pattern, with yellow spots showing yellow-banded (B) populations (minimally with yellow hair clearly visible anteriorly on the thoracic dorsum), black spots showing unbanded (U) populations, mixed yellow/black spots showing polymorphic populations, mixed yellow/grey spots showing uncertain polymorphic/monomorphic populations (*for B. alpinus, males from the Alps often have a yellow-banded pattern although this is rare among females); (153) tail colour pattern, with orange spots showing populations with pale (P: orange or white) hair on the tail (minimally with orange, yellow, or while hair clearly visible on metasomal tergum 5), black spots showing populations with dark (D: black) hair on the tail, mixed orange/black spots showing polymorphic populations.

FIGURES 148‒149 in The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

FIGURES 148‒149. Anterior / left lateral aspect of the lower part of the clypeus, the labrum, and the mandibles of males of: (148) B. neoboreus (#4867), showing the small orange hair patches at the base of the mandibles and the long dense posterior fringing black beard; (149) B. kluanensis (#4876), showing the large dense orange hair pads on the mandibles and the sparse orange hairs in the posterior fringing beard.

FIGURES 150‒151 in The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

FIGURES 150‒151. Maps of (150) specimen richness and (151) species richness for the subgenus Alpinobombus among equalarea grid cells recorded from 4450 geo-referenced specimens in the database. The grid is based on longitudinal intervals of 10°, which are used to calculate graduated latitudinal intervals to provide equal-area cells (each cell of area approximately 611,000 km²). Grey scale (right) with equal-frequency richness classes, maximum value in a separate class. Cylindrical orthomorphic equal-area projection (excluding Antarctica) with north at the top of the map.

FIGURES 144‒147 in The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

FIGURES 144‒147. Morphology of males. Dorsal aspect of the penis valves of: 144, B. natvigi; 145, B. neoboreus (white lines indicate location of the subapical outer tooth of the left penis valve). Dorsal aspect of left gonostylus: 146 B. kirbiellus; 147, B. polaris (white lines indicate anterior, midpoint, and posterior median projections of left gonostylus).

FIGURES 140‒143 in The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

FIGURES 140‒143. Morphology of females (queens). Left lateral aspect of the oculo-malar area of: 140, B. polaris; 141, B. kirbiellus (white lines indicate length and breadth measurements). Left lateral aspect of the outer surface of the left hind tibia (corbicular area): 142, B. polaris; 143, B. neoboreus (white lines indicate highlights in the central area).

FIGURE 138 in The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

FIGURE 138. Dated estimate of the phylogenetic tree for the species of the subgenus Alpinobombus (Table 5) from a *BEAST analysis of four genes (COI, 16S, PEPCK, opsin) using species from the integrative assessment and with B. ignitus as the outgroup (not shown). Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support for groups. Values below the nodes are estimated dates of divergence in Ma (millions of years before the present) calibrated from a molecular estimate for the date of crown divergence within the subgenus Alpinobombus (Hines 2008). Grey bars show the 95% confidence limits on the estimated dates of divergence.

FIGURE 139 in The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

FIGURE 139. Most likely biogeographic reconstruction for species of the subgenus Alpinobombus from S-DIVA analysis using the short-distance dispersal (no jumps) model in Fig. 8 and the estimate of phylogeny in Fig. 138 with B. ignitus as the outgroup (not shown). Letters represent the areas listed in Table 6 and in Fig. 8: letter combinations in grey below terminals show species' current distributions; letter combinations above the nodes show the (joint) most likely optimised reconstructions of ancestral distributions, with the probabilities of these solutions for these nodes shown below the nodes (selected alternative reconstructions with lower probabilities are shown in parenthesis and the solutions with more widespread and undifferentiated distributions are shown in grey). Numbers in circles at nodes identify events discussed in the text.

FIGURE 7. Sample sites and climatic suitability for all Alpinobombus species combined estimated using Maxent from climate variables for the year 2000 in The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

FIGURE 7. Sample sites and climatic suitability for all Alpinobombus species combined estimated using Maxent from climate variables for the year 2000. Bright yellow and brown areas show where the logistic prediction of occurrence is p> 0.5 (the outlier records with exceptionally low probabilities of suitability were excluded in step-wise iterations); brown spots show all consistent Alpinobombus site records; '?' shows the five records that are in climatically outlying sites. Polar projection, North Pole (starred) at the centre of the map, international boundaries and the Arctic Circle shown as narrow grey lines.

FIGURE 10 in The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

FIGURE 10. Map of the entire global distribution of records of B. kluanensis s. l.. Grey crosses are records for any Alpinobombus species; black crosses are records of B. neoboreus; overlayed with small white spots for specimens of B. kluanensis s. l.; large green spots for sequenced samples with the kluanensis s. str. alleles (collected 2010‒2016); small red spots for sequenced samples with the 'unnamed2' allele (collected 2015‒2017). Relief map with hill shading, with a Polar projection, and with the Arctic Circle and the USA (Alaska) / Canada (Yukon) international boundary shown as grey lines. North pointer and scale bar below, with an inset that shows the location of the detailed area of the global map. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shad- ed_Relief basemap which is Copyright: © 2014 Esri.

FIGURES 77‒88. 77 in The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

FIGURES 77‒88. 77: Bombus kirbiellus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 78‒88 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 78 (#556) Canada-Nunavut; 79 (#294) Canada-Nunavut; 80 (#100) Canada-Nunavut; 81 (#3791) USA-Colorado; 82 (#3790) USA-Colorado; 83 (#3765) Canada-Nunavut; 84 (#3792) USA-Colorado; 85 (#3797) USA-Colorado; 86 (#4915) USA Alaska; 87 (#3768) Canada-Nunavut; 88 (#3812) USA-Colorado.