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FIGURE 3 in Morphology and SSU rDNA sequences of four cyrtophorian ciliates from China, with description of a new species (Protista, Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea)

FIGURE 3. Photomicrographs of Chlamydodon pararoseus sp. n. from life (A, D, and E by differential interference contrast, B, C, and F in bright field), after fluorescent staining (G), and after protargol staining (H–L). A, B. Ventral views of slightly compressed individuals, arrow in (A) marks the cytostome, and arrowheads indicate contractile vacuoles, and arrows in (B) refer to the sub-equatorial fossa. C, E. Dorsal views, arrow marks the cytostome, and arrowheads mark the pigment spot. D, F. Ventral views of individuals showing variations in body shape. G. Macronucleus. H. Ventral ciliature. I. Oral structure. J. Barren kinetosomes in oral area. K. Terminal fragment. L. Sub-equatorial fossa after protargol staining. Abbreviations: Co—circumoral kineties; Ks—barren kinetosomes; Ma—macronucleus; Pr—preoral kinety; TF—terminal fragment. Scale bars: 40 μm.

FIGURE 1 in Morphology and SSU rDNA sequences of four cyrtophorian ciliates from China, with description of a new species (Protista, Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea)

FIGURE 1. Locations of the sample sites. A. Overview of locations. B. A mangrove wetland in Zhanjiang. C. A small puddle of the Dongpo Lake, Haikou. D, E. Intertidal zone in Qingdao, arrow indicates the sampling pool. E. The same tidal pool as shown by arrow in D.

FIGURE 6 in Morphology and SSU rDNA sequences of four cyrtophorian ciliates from China, with description of a new species (Protista, Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea)

FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic tree of Maximum-likelihood (ML) based on small SSU rRNA gene sequences with Bayesian inference (BI) tapped on it. The four new sequences in the present paper are highlighted in bold. Numbers at nodes show ML bootstrap values and the BI posterior probabilities (ML/BI). Values with full support (ML/BI, 100/1.00) are marked with solid circle. The scale bar corresponds to 5 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. * Guangdong population of Chlamydodon bourlandi, ** misidentification, should be Chlamydodon bourlandi.

FIGURE 2 in Morphology and SSU rDNA sequences of four cyrtophorian ciliates from China, with description of a new species (Protista, Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea)

FIGURE 2. Drawings of Chlamydodon pararoseus sp. n. from life (A–D) and after protargol staining (E–G). A. Ventral side of a representative individual. Dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views of a compressed individual, arrows denote the cross-striated band (CSB) and the arrowheads mark pigment spots. D. Cyrtos. E, F. Ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views of the same holotype specimen, arrow indicates the sub-equatorial fossa. G. Ventral view of anterior cell, arrow marks the suture, arrowheads denote barren kinetosomes. Abbreviations: Co—circumoral kineties; CSB—cross-striated band; LK—left kineties; Ma—macronucleus; NR—nematodesmal rods; PoK—postoral kineties; Pr—preoral kinety; RK—right kineties; TF—terminal fragments. Scale bars: 40 μm.

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FIGURE 2. Lecanophryella paraleptastaci Dovgal, 1985. A in Note on the genus Lecanophryella (Ciliophora: Suctorea) with description of a new species from west coast of India

FIGURE 2. Lecanophryella paraleptastaci Dovgal, 1985. A. Trophont and two swarmers on host body (orig.); B. Trophont with two actinophores; C—trophont with three actinophores. B–C after Dovgal. 1985, Scale bar—10 μm.

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FIGURE 4 in Note on the genus Lecanophryella (Ciliophora: Suctorea) with description of a new species from west coast of India

FIGURE 4. Trophont of Lecanophryella indica sp. nov. A. position of L. indica trophonts on host body; B–E magnified view of trophonts; F. Budding individual marked by arrow.

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FIGURE 3 in Note on the genus Lecanophryella (Ciliophora: Suctorea) with description of a new species from west coast of India

FIGURE 3. Trophonts of Lecanophryella satyanandani (Santhakumari, 1986). A. trophonts on host body; B–D. magnified view of trophonts (orig).

Fig. 38 in New Paramecium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) congeners shape our view on its biodiversity

Fig. 38 Schematical images of major Parameciom morphospecies made according to its morphometric data (reprint of Fig. 1 from Fokin 2010/11). a P. moltimicronocleatom, b P. caodatom, c P. jenningsi, d P. schewiakoffi, e P. boetschlii sp. nov., f P. woodroffi, g P. aorelia, h

Fig. 35 in New Paramecium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) congeners shape our view on its biodiversity

Fig. 35 Dendrogram (a) for hierarchical clustering (UPGMA) and topogram (b) for non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) of morphometric and morphobiological characteristics of 16 Parameciom species. AU P. aorelia, BU P. borsaria, CA P. caodatom, CL P. calkinsi, DU P. doboscqoi, JE P. jenningsi, MU P. moltimicronocleatom, NR P. nephridiatom, PB BEocandidatos P. brazilianum^, PG BEocandidatos P. germanicum^, PH BEocandidatos P. hungarianum^, PN P. boetschlii sp. nov., PO P. polycaryom, PU P. potrinom, SH P. schewiakoffi, WO P. woodroffi

Fig. 27–29 in New Paramecium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) congeners shape our view on its biodiversity

Fig. 27–29 Morphology of BEocandidatos P. brazilianum^. 27 Ventral view of silver nitrate-impregnated cell. 28 General view of the Feulgenstained cell with macronucleus (MA) fragmentation and two surrounding micronuclei (indicated by arrows). 29 Nuclear apparatus of the cell with fragmented MA and surrounding micronuclei (arrows) in higher magnification. Bars 30 μm (27, 28), 15 μm (29)

Fig. 30–34 in New Paramecium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) congeners shape our view on its biodiversity

Fig. 30–34 Morphology of BEocandidatos P. hungarianum^. 30 Living ciliate with visible contractile vacuoles (CV) and macronucleus (MA). DIC contrast. 31–32 Ventral (31) and dorsal (32) views with indications for cytoproct (C) and pores of the contractile vacuoles (PCV). Silver nitrate impregnation. 33 Nuclear apparatus of the ciliate with MA and surrounding micronuclei (indicated by arrows). Feulgen-stained cell. 34 Nuclear apparatus with MA and MI (arrows). Large magnification. Bars 15 μm (30), 13 μm (31, 32), 20 μm (33), 10 μm (34)

Fig. 17–22 in New Paramecium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) congeners shape our view on its biodiversity

Fig. 17–22 Nuclear reorganization in P. boetschlii sp. nov. during conjugation. 17 Early micronuclear migration. 18 Prophase of the first meiotic division of the micronucleus. 19 The third synkaryon division in exconjugant. Four spindles of synkaryon derivates are marked by wedgetailed arrows; three of the four products indicated by large arrows (micronuclear anlagen) and by arrowheads (macronuclear anlagen). 20–21 Exconjugant cell with eight products of synkaryon division and fragments of the old macronucleus (bold arrow) under different magnification. 22 Exconjugant cell with more developed macronuclear anlagen. Bars 15 μm (17), 10 μm (18, 19), 30 μm (20), 15 μm (21, 22)

Fig. 13 in A holistic approach to inventory the diversity of mobilid ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora: Peritrichia)

Fig. 13 SIMMAP reconstruction of two extrinsic traits of mobilids based on 20,000 stochastic character maps simulated under the ER model. Relative proportions of characters states were mapped onto

Fig. 14 in A holistic approach to inventory the diversity of mobilid ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora: Peritrichia)

Fig. 14 Chronogram of the order Mobilida based on nuclear 18S rRNA gene sequences. The 95% credibility intervals of divergence time estimates are shown as blue bars at nodes. Divergence times were estimated with the RelTime algorithm, maximum likelihood method, GTR + I + Γ5 evolutionary model, local clock, and four calibration points. Note that the last common ancestor of the order Mobilida very likely emerged about 631‒415 Ma when most of today's landmass was included in the supercontinent Gondwana. Diversification of mobilids into urceolariids and trichodinids as well as the early radiation of both groups was completed before ca. 180

Fig. 10 in A holistic approach to inventory the diversity of mobilid ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora: Peritrichia)

Fig. 10 Secondary structure of the 18S rRNA molecule of Trichodina unionis. The helix number system follows Lee and Gutell (2012) and Petrov et al. (2014). Most species-specific mutations are situated in

Fig. 8 in A holistic approach to inventory the diversity of mobilid ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora: Peritrichia)

Fig. 8 Trichodina baltica after dry silver nitrate (A, B) and protargol (C–I) impregnation. A Overview of the adhesive disc. B, D, E, H Adoral ciliary spiral. C Adoral view, showing the structure of the ciliary wreath and peripheral pins. F, G Lateral overviews, showing the fine structure of the adoral ciliary spiral, infundibular peniculi, and

Fig. 1 in A holistic approach to inventory the diversity of mobilid ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora: Peritrichia)

Fig. 1 Origin of mobilids with molecular data available in GenBank. The color of points refers to the higher taxonomic group of host organisms from which mobilids were isolated (for color code, see the

Fig. 4 in A holistic approach to inventory the diversity of mobilid ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora: Peritrichia)

Fig. 4 Trichodina unionis in vivo. A Detached Trichodina in a search for host tissues. B–D Lateral overviews, showing the very broadly cylindrical to campanulate body with bulged epistomial disc. E, G, I, J Overviews of the aboral side, showing the denticle ring, central granules, and radial pins. Note the posterior projection of the denticle

Fig. 7 in A holistic approach to inventory the diversity of mobilid ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora: Peritrichia)

Fig. 7 Trichodina baltica in vivo. A–C Trichodinids (arrows) attached to the ctenidia of Theodoxus fluviatilis. D–F Overviews of the aboral side, showing the denticle ring and radial pins. G Macronucleus and micronucleus located close to one of the macronuclear

Fig. 6 in A holistic approach to inventory the diversity of mobilid ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora: Peritrichia)

Fig. 6 Trichodina baltica after dry silver nitrate (A) and protargol impregnation (B–E). A, B Overviews of the aboral side, showing the structure of the adhesive disc and aboral ciliary wreath. C Detail of the fine structure of the aboral ciliary wreath. D Overview of the adoral side, showing the oral ciliary pattern and macronucleus. E Detail of the oral ciliary pattern. BM, border membrane; F, oral fibers; GK, germinative kinety; HK, haplokinety; IR, inner ring; MA, macronucleus; MR, middle ring; OR, outer ring; P1–3, peniculus 1–3; PK, polykinety; PP peripheral pins; RP, ridial pins. Scale bars = 5 μm (C), 10 μm (E), 20 μm (A, B, D)