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2,395 results for “Contrast”
Home range sizes of red deer in contrasting landscapes and implications for management
<p><span>Knowledge about deer spatial use is essential for damage mitigation and management coordination. Here we assess annual and seasonal home range sizes for </span><span>red deer in Sweden, based on data from GPS-marked deer in two regions with different management systems and contrasting landscapes</span><span>. We compare our findings with reviewed data on European red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>) home range sizes in Europe. We found that female annual</span><span> home ranges (95% kernels) were 2.7 times larger in a mixed agricultural-forest landscape compared to a forest-dominated landscape. Core areas (50% kernels) were approximately 1/5 of the full annual home ranges (90% kernels) regardless of region. Home range size in the forest landscape showed little inter-seasonal variation whereas in the agricultural-forest landscape, home ranges were significantly larger during calving, hunt, and winter-spring compared to summer and rut. In the forest landscape, females had home range sizes that enables single red deer management areas to manage their own females. Whereas, within the agricultural-forest landscape, female spatial use cover several license units. Here, the coordinated license system is needed to reach trade-offs between goals of conservation, game management, and damage mitigation. Males had in general larger home ranges than females. The majority of the males made a seasonal migration to and from the rutting areas. The license system in the agricultural-forest landscape is large enough to manage migrating males, but in the forest landscape a coordination of several deer management areas is needed in order to encompass male spatial use. </span></p>
Data for: Dark matters – contrasting responses of stream biofilm to browning and loss of riparian shading
<p><span>Concentrations of terrestrial-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in freshwater ecosystems have increased consistently, causing freshwater browning. The mechanisms behind browning are complex, but in forestry-intensive regions browning is accelerated by land drainage. Forestry actions in streamside riparian forests alter canopy shading, which together with browning is expected to exert a complex and largely unpredictable control over key ecosystem functions. We conducted a stream mesocosm experiment with three levels of browning (ambient vs. moderate vs. high, with 2.7 and 5.5-fold increase, respectively, in absorbance) crossed with two levels of riparian shading (70% light reduction vs. open canopy) to explore the individual and combined effects of browning and loss of shading on the quantity (algal biomass) and nutritional quality (polyunsaturated fatty acid and sterol content) of the periphytic biofilm. We also conducted a field survey of differently colored (4.7 to 26.2 mg DOC L<sup>-1</sup>) streams to provide a 'reality check' for our experimental findings. Browning reduced greatly the algal biomass, suppressed the availability of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and sterols, but increased the availability of terrestrial-derived long-chain saturated fatty acids (LSAFA). In contrast, loss of shading increased primary productivity, which resulted in elevated sterol and EPA content of the biofilm. The field survey largely repeated the same pattern: biofilm nutritional quality decreased significantly with increasing DOC, as indicated particularly by a decrease of the </span><span><em><span><span>w</span></span></em>-3:</span><span><em><span><span>w</span></span></em>-6 ratio and increase in LSAFA content. Algal biomass, in contrast, was mainly controlled by dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration, while DOC concentration was of minor importance. The ongoing browning process is inducing a dramatic reduction in the nutritional quality of the stream biofilm. Such degradation of the major high-quality food source available for stream consumers may reduce the trophic transfer efficiency in stream ecosystems, potentially extending across the stream-forest ecotone. </span></p>
Microbiome composition and autochthonous probiotics from contrasting probiosis/dysbiosis states in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fish epitheliocystis
<p>Bacterial isolates from cobia tissues, feeding sources and aquaria waters: identity and relevant activities.</p> <p>Source raw sequence data in Supplementary Online Material Data 1</p>
Data from: Latitudinal divergence in a wide-spread amphibian: contrasting patterns of neutral and adaptive genomic variation
Stochastic effects from demographic processes and selection are expected to shape the distribution of genetic variation in spatially heterogeneous environments. As the amount of genetic variation is central for long-term persistence of populations, understanding how these processes affect variation over large-scale geographic gradients is pivotal. We investigated the distribution of neutral and putatively adaptive genetic variation, and reconstructed demographic history in the moor frog (Rana arvalis) using 136 individuals from 15 populations along a 1700 km latitudinal gradient from northern Germany to northern Sweden. Using ddRAD-seq we obtained 27590 SNPs, and identified differentiation outliers and SNPs associated with growing season length. Populations grouped into a southern and a northern cluster, representing two phylogeographical lineages from different post-glacial colonization routes. Hybrid index estimation and demographic model selection showed strong support for a southern and northern lineage and evidence of gene flow between regions located on each side of a contact zone. However, patterns of past gene flow over the contact zone differed between neutral and putatively adaptive SNPs. While neutral nucleotide diversity was higher along the southern than the northern part of the gradient, nucleotide diversity in differentiation outliers showed the opposite pattern suggesting differences in the relative strength of selection and drift along the gradient. Variation associated with growing season length decreased with latitude along the southern part of the gradient, but not along the northern part where variation was lower, suggesting stronger climate-mediated selection in the north. Outlier SNPs included loci involved in immunity and developmental processes.
Time-Resolved X-ray Phase-Contrast Video Imaging of Continuous Anti-Solvent Crystallisation
<p>X-ray phase-contrast video showing early crystal growth in a continuous anti-solvent crystalliser. Data was collected on the Diamond Light source I13-2 beamline. For further information see the paper:</p> <p>@article{das_pallipurath_leng_wanelik_mcginty_miller_kathyola_chang_al-madhagi_marathae_et<br> al._2020,<br> place={Cambridge},<br> title={Time-Resolved X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging (XPCI) of Nucleation and Crystal Growth in the Anti-Solvent Crystallization of Lovastatin},<br> DOI={10.26434/chemrxiv.12911168.v1},<br> journal={ChemRxiv},<br> publisher={Cambridge Open Engage},<br> author={Das, Gunjan and Pallipurath, Anuradha and Leng, Joanna and Wanelik, Kazimir<br> and McGinty, John and Miller, Russell and Kathyola, Thokozile and Chang,<br> Sin-Yuen and Al-Madhagi, Laila H. and Marathae, Shashidhara and et<br> al.},<br> year={2020},<br> note={This content is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed.}<br> }</p>
Distribution. Known only from type locality on S coast of Seram I, Indonesia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 123 mm, tail 128 mm, ear 14-6 mm, hindfoot 26-2 mm; weight 65 g (all mensural data are from holotype). Pavel's Seram Mosaic-tailed Rat is very small-bodied, with dorsal pelage soft and brightly colored rufescent reddish brown, hairs with graybases, and venter contrastingly pure white; tail is slightly longer than head-body length, all black in color, tail scales raised, one hair per scale, scale hairs very short. Upper surfaces of feet are dark gray; hindfeet broad, with first digit long. Cranium is relatively narrow, with nasal profile flat; teeth very small. Single known specimen (the holotype), a pregnant female, has four mammae. in Muridae
Distribution. Known only from type locality on S coast of Seram I, Indonesia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 123 mm, tail 128 mm, ear 14-6 mm, hindfoot 26-2 mm; weight 65 g (all mensural data are from holotype). Pavel's Seram Mosaic-tailed Rat is very small-bodied, with dorsal pelage soft and brightly colored rufescent reddish brown, hairs with graybases, and venter contrastingly pure white; tail is slightly longer than head-body length, all black in color, tail scales raised, one hair per scale, scale hairs very short. Upper surfaces of feet are dark gray; hindfeet broad, with first digit long. Cranium is relatively narrow, with nasal profile flat; teeth very small. Single known specimen (the holotype), a pregnant female, has four mammae.
The impact from the contrast of the generated images
<p>The contrast of the generated images was dull for the S2IGAN code, as given. By enhancing brightness and contrast, this problem could be solved. However, we found this is only needed for human evaluation: On 20 selected images, the IS score for S2IGAN was the same for the raw (greyish) output and the enhanced output samples. </p>
Contrasting population genomic differentiation in two sympatric Triplophysa loaches on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
<p><span>Under global climate change, the Qinghai-Tibet</span><span> Plateau</span> <span>(QTP) has experienced dramatic environmental changes, including salinity changes of water bodies, which may threaten the biodiversity of aquatic organisms on the 'roof of the world'. The Tibetan loaches (the genus <em>Triplophysa</em>) are the largest component of the QTP ichthyofauna. Here we compared the population structure and adaptive mechanisms to salinity of two sympatric Tibetan loach species, <em>T. stewarti</em> and <em>T. stenura</em>, using population genomics methods. Using both the 'common' and 'individual' SNP datasets of seven populations from five localities of the two species, we found out that the two species showed entirely different patterns of population differentiation, with <em>T. stewarti</em> populations deeply diverged and <em>T. stenura</em> populations mixed. We identified a catalogue of candidate genes possibly involved in salinity acclimatation of the two species using both unsupervised and supervised population differentiation methods. In this section, a new approach - linkage disequilibrium (LD) graph learning - was developed and utilized to identify clusters of loci showing similar genetic differentiation patterns. However, we found limited parallel adaptive signals to salinity of the two species using these methods. Our findings broaden our understandings of the population characteristics and adaptive mechanisms of these previously underexplored Tibetan loach species, and will play a role in the biodiversity protection of <em>Triplophysa</em> species on the QTP.</span></p>
Scientific dataset for the manuscript "Implication of contrasting surface conditions on monsoonal heavy rainfall events over India"
<p>The observational and model simulated data for the Manuscript "Implication of contrasting surface conditions on monsoonal heavy rainfall events over India", submitted to the Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology are shared here. The details of the dataset provided are as follows: </p> <p>i) IMD daily gridded rainfall (mm) for each heavy rainfall case. <br> ii) WRF simulated daily average values from Noah and SLAB experiments. <br> iii) 3-hourly time series of air temperature (K) and specific humidity (kg/kg) at 2m from AWS stations and from model simulations at respective observation locations. These datasets are provided for Case 1 and Case 2 only. <br> iv) Volumetric soil moisture (m3/m3) daily climatology (2001-2013) averaged over central India from ESA CCI, GLDAS, and LDAS. <br> v) The 3-hourly time series of Volumetric soil moisture (m3/m3) average and standard deviations over central India for the period May 15-18, 2013, June 22-25, 2013, and August 15-18, 2013. The average values from GLDAS soil moisture are provided. </p>
Supporting Information: DATA and CODE. Contrasted impacts of weather conditions in species sensitive to both survival and fecundity: a montane bird case study.
<p>This folder contains the R code (file “Rock_partridge_IPM.r “) of the integrated population model (IPM) used to study the population dynamics of the rock partridge in the French Alps, along with associated data (file “jags.data”). The integrated population model allowed us to model survival and breeding success (split in several steps) simultaneously. Data were collected by the French Office for Biodiversity (OFB) and the Observatory of mountain galliformes (OGM: <a href="https://www.observatoire-galliformes-montagne.com/">https://www.observatoire-galliformes-montagne.com/</a>). The “Read.me” file provides a detailed description of the different datasets. We also included values of the covariates used to study the influence of weather variation on survival and breeding success (files “covariates_survival”, “covariates_brood_size” and “covariates_brood_size_per_site”).</p>
Contrasting fast and slow ITCZ migration linked to delayed Southern Ocean warming
<p>Codes and data for the figures in the paper: Contrasting fast and slow ITCZ migration linked to delayed Southern Ocean warming</p>
Transthoracic contrast echocardiography data of a patient for super-resolution ultrasound localisation microscopy
<p>We provide sample contrast echocardiography datasets used for generation of super-resolution ultrasound localisation microscopy (ULM) images as reported in the following paper:</p> <div> <div>Jipeng Yan, Biao Huang, Johanna Tonko, Matthieu Toulemonde, Joseph Hansen-Shearer, Qingyuan Tan, Kai Riemer, Konstantinos Ntagiantas, Rasheda A Chowdhury, Pier D Lambiase, Roxy Senior, Meng-Xing Tang. Transthoracic Ultrasound Localization Microscopy of Myocardial Vasculature in Patients, Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2024. DOI: (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-024-01206-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1038/s41551-024-01206-6</a>).</div> <div> </div> <div>The sample datasets include:</div> <div> </div> <div>"LogCompressedCEUS.mp4' is a video of CEUS images gated within one cardiac cycle after motion correction and log compression (acquistion time: 0.36s).</div> <div> </div> <div>"LinearScaleCEUS.mat" is a Matlab data file containing CEUS images after motion correction.</div> <div> </div> <div>"LinearScaleCEUSAfterNoiseReduction.mat' is a Matlab data file containing above CEUS images with noise reduced, which can be processed with our SRUS software (<a href="https://github.com/JipengYan1995/SRUSSoftware">JipengYan1995/SRUSSoftware</a>) for localisation and tracking (A brief tutorial can be found in "Usage of sample data in SRUS Software.docx").</div> <div> </div> <div>"RcvDataSample.mat' is a Matlab data file containing RF data in channels;</div> <div> </div> <div>"BFInformation.mat' is a Matlab data file containing parameters for beamforming;</div> <div> </div> <div>"Data Description.txt" contains more detailed descriptions of above data.</div> <div> </div> </div> <p><strong>Data from all the 10 cardiac cycles of this patient will be available in the future.</strong></p> <p>If you have any questions, please contact Meng-Xing Tang (email: mengxing.tang@imperial.ac.uk).</p>
Iodine density and contrast enhanced attenuation value of neck nodes
<p>Dataset of iodine concentration and contrast enhanced attenuation value in neck node</p>
Spatial domains identification in spatial transcriptomics by domain knowledge-aware and subspace-enhanced graph contrastive learning
<p>We propose a graph contrastive learning framework, GRAS4T, which combines contrastive learning and subspace module to accurately distinguish different spatial domains by capturing tissue microenvironment through self-expressiveness of spots within the same domain. To uncover the pertinent features for spatial domain identification, GRAS4T employs a graph augmentation based on histological images prior, preserving information crucial for the clustering task. Experimental results on 8 ST datasets from 5 different platforms show that GRAS4T outperforms five state-of-the-art competing methods in spatial domain identification. Significantly, GRAS4T excels at separating distinct tissue structures and unveiling more detailed spatial domains. GRAS4T combines the advantages of subspace analysis and graph representation learning with extensibility, making it an ideal framework for ST domain identification.</p>
Data from Climate adaptability in hydrological models: variable storage capacity to improve performance under contrasting climates.
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Valentwin: Using Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning on Language Model for Schema Matching Datasets
<div>ValenTwin is a schema matching framework that uses self-supervised contrastive learning to train the model, uses the model to generate embeddings of table columns, then uses different similarity measures to match the column embeddings.</div> <div> </div> <div> <div>We provide two types of zip files for the datasets:<br>1. `data.zip` contains the raw data files, the ground truth files, the sampled data (n=[100, 200, 300, 400, 500] used in the experiments, as well as the contrastive data used to train the model.<br>2. `data-raw.zip` contains only the raw data files and the ground truth files. You can sample the data and generate the contrastive dataset yourself by following step 1 and 2 in the `How to Run` section. <br>Download and unzip one of the zip files to the `data` folder.</div> </div>
Contrastive Learning for Fine-Grained Ship Classification in Remote Sensing Images
<p>Dataset for Contrastive Learning for Fine-Grained Ship Classification in Remote Sensing Images from https://github.com/WindVChen/Push-and-Pull-Network?tab=readme-ov-file</p>
Contrasting disease progression, microglia reactivity, tolerance, and resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection in two mouse strains
<p><strong><span>Figure S1</span></strong><span>. Stereological Sampling: Low-power photomicrographs (A and B) displaying the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, the area of interest, alongside the sampling grid (C). Additionally, a high-power photomicrograph (D) showcases IBA-1 immunolabeled microglia (the object of interest). Scale bar: A - 250µm, and D: 25µm.</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><span>Figure S2</span></strong><span>. The recovery of BALB/c microglia in the molecular layer of dentate gyrus was observed 43 days after infection. At this point, only minor morphological changes were observed, and all the morphological changes induced by <em>T. gondii</em> infection at 22 dpi have disappeared. The analysis methods used included hierarchical cluster analysis (A), discriminant function analysis (C and E), morphological complexity (B), and convex hull volume (D).</span></p>
Data from: Growing at the arid edge: Leaf anatomy variations are more extensive than stems in five Mediterranean species across contrasting moisture regimes-all the raw data of the anatomic measurements
<p>Premise:</p> <p>The Mediterranean region is experiencing increasing aridity, affecting ecosystems and plant life. Plants exhibit various anatomical changes to cope with dry conditions, including anatomical changes. This study focused on five co-occurring Mediterranean plant species namely <em>Quercus calliprinos</em>, <em>Pistacia palaestina</em>, <em>Pistacia lentiscus</em>, <em>Rhamnus lycioides</em>, and <em>Phillyrea latifolia</em> in wet and dry sites, investigating anatomical differences in leaves and xylem.</p> <p>Methods:</p> <p>Leaf analysis involved stomatal density, stomatal length, Leaf Mass Area (LMA), lamina composition, quantification of leaf intercellular air spaces (IAS), and mesophyll cell area exposed to these spaces. Xylem anatomy was assessed through vessel length and area in branches.</p> <p>Results:</p> <p>In the dry site, three species showed increased stomatal density and decreased stomatal length. Four species exhibited increased palisade mesophyll (PM) and reduced air space volume. In contrast, the phenotypic change in the xylem was less pronounced, with vessel length remaining unaffected by the site conditions. Furthermore, vessel diameter decreased in two species. Intercellular air spaces (IAS) proved to be the most dynamic anatomical feature. <em>Quercus calliprinos</em> demonstrated the highest anatomical phenotypic changes, while <em>Rhamnus lycioides</em> exhibited minor changes.</p> <p>Conclusions:</p> <p>This study sheds light on the variation in anatomical responses among co-occurring Mediterranean plant species and identifies the most dynamic traits. Understanding these adaptations provides valuable insights into the ability of plants to thrive under changing climate conditions.</p>
Intravital microscopy contrasting agents for application - Database
<p>This is a set of databases containing published use of substances which can be applied to rodents in order to contrast specific structures for optical intravital microscopy.</p> <p>The first dataset contains applied final dosages, calculated for 25g-mice, as well as the orignally published amounts, concentrations and application routes of agents directly applied into the target organism.</p> <p>The second dataset contains dosages and cell numbers for the external contrastation and subsequent application of cells into the target organism.</p> <p>Filtering possible for organ system and contrasted structure/cell type in both datasets, substance class and fluorescent detection windows can be filtered in the dataset for direct agent application.</p> <p>Source publications are listed by DOI.</p> <p> </p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.