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5,371 results for “Flow”
Solutions of the mass continuity equation in hollow fibers for fully developed flow with some notes on the Lévêque correlation
<p><strong>Solutions of the mass continuity equation in hollow fibers for fully developed flow with some notes on the </strong><strong>Lévêque</strong><strong> correlation</strong></p> <p>The file includes:</p> <p>Appendix A. Code in SageMath and Maple</p> <p>Appendix B. Semi-analytical method of lines for solving the linear-BC case</p> <p>The complete scientific article that can be found at https://zenodo.org/record/5675723#.YhNn8JPMIeY</p>
River bed sediment and debris flow deposit lithology and Schmidt Hammer Rock Strength dataset, Suiattle River, Washington State, USA
<p>This dataset includes measurements of river bed sediment lithology and Schmidt Hammer Rock Strength (SHRS), as well as debris flow deposit lithology, grain size, and SHRS, at sites along the Suiattle River, North Cascades, Washington State, USA. See Pfeiffer et al. (2022, JGR-ES) for further description of the collection methodology and site description.</p>
InSAR data for "Transcrustal compressible fluid flow explains the Altiplano-Puna deformation anomaly"
<p>InSAR data presented in the paper "Transcrustal compressible fluid flow explains the Altiplano-Puna deformation anomaly". See file "README" for detailed descriptions of each item.</p>
Data and code for "High-speed 3D imaging flow cytometry with optofluidic spatial transformation"
<p>Data and codes used in Ugawa & Ota, "High-speed 3D imaging flow cytometry with optofluidic spatial transformation".</p>
Genomic and phenotypic divergence‐with‐gene‐flow across an ecological and elevational gradient in a neotropical bird
<p>Aim: Along with environmental gradients, some species show significant differences in morphological, ecological-related traits. Those differences are commonly related to past events of allopatry but, alternatively, could be caused by natural selection in the presence of gene flow. We aimed to explore the prevalence of the divergence-with-gene-flow model across the Chaco-Andes dry forest belt, testing competing models of evolution in a Neotropical bird.</p> <p>Location: Central Andes Mountain range and Chaco region of Argentina and Bolivia. </p> <p>Taxon: Phytotoma rutila (Aves, Cotingidae).</p> <p>Methods: We studied ddRADseq loci (4,893 SNPs) of 21 tissue samples and body size variation of 146 specimens. We evaluated population genetic structure and tested the effects of altitude and distance on genomic divergence. To evaluate allopatry and divergence-with-gene-flow, we compared the divergence on phenotypic traits (bill, tarsus, and wing measurements) versus neutral genomic variation, conducted coalescent analyses to estimate gene flow and divergence time among populations, and calculated relative (FST) versus absolute (DXY) genomic divergence.</p> <p>Results: a) there is a genomic and phenotypic differentiation in P. rutila matched the highland-lowland axis, where the altitude variation explains genomic variation; b) A larger phenotypic than neutral genomic variation was found. c) there is an asymmetric gene flow between populations; d) a pattern of relative and absolute genomic differentiation compatible with divergence-with-gene-flow.</p> <p>Main conclusions: The mechanism behind the morphological and genomic diversification along the Chaco-Andes dry forest belt in P. rutila is divergence‐with‐gene‐flow. Far more complex than we traditionally thought, diversification in South America implicates gene flow between populations and also natural selection along with the environmental gradients, as well as vicariance, contrasting with the idea of tropical speciation primarily based on allopatric models.</p> <p> </p>
Oscillatory Flow Testing Data Collected at Field Site for Research in Fractured Sedimentary Rock (FSR)^2
<p>This dataset contains raw and processed pressure data collected in 2019 during oscillatory flow testing experiments at the Field Site for Research in Fractured Sedimentary Rock (FSR)^2 near Madison, WI. The included ReadMe file describes the data and code used in data processing. The companion processing and analysis code is included as a separate upload (doi:10.5281/zenodo.6584777)</p>
Understanding Cultural Information Flow: A Qualitative study of a small social group
<p>This study uses qualitative data to explore closely adoption and onward transmission. Interview data were collected in relation to housework regarding the perceived behaviour of participants’ parents, of themselves, and of their (grand)children (N=14). Observational data was also collected from the members of one of the families for triangulation purposes. Following the six-phase process of thematic analysis, we extracted three main themes: individual learning, horizontal transmission, and vertical transmission. While only few instances were categorised as ‘individual learning’, the instances of horizontal and vertical transmission were numerous, and included the transmission of dichotomous traits. Thus, we explored why some cultural variants outcompete others and how certain learning and teaching mechanisms lead to increased stability and longevity. Vertical congruence was observed during the transmission of a dichotomous cultural trait: transmitters who acquired two variants of the same trait (one horizontally and one vertically) chose to vertically transmit onward to learners – i.e., their (grand)children – the variant which they had previously acquired vertically (i.e., from their own parents or grandparents), even if they exhibited both variants themselves. Horizontal congruence was observed even in sibling-to-sibling transmission, as the transmitter (older sibling) transmitted onward to the learner (younger sibling) the cultural variants which he/she had previously acquired from a peer (even if these were in competition with vertically acquired alternatives). Finally, we discuss the effects of the mother/wife-transmitter, who can weaken the effects of the vertical-congruence effect in the case of her spouse and enhance them in the case of their children.</p>
Early stages of speciation with gene flow in the Amazilia Hummingbird (Amazilis amazilia) subspecies complex of Western South America
<p>Disentangling the factors underlying the diversification of geographically variable species with a wide geographical range is essential to understanding the initial stages and drivers of the speciation process. The Amazilia Hummingbird, <em>Amazilis amazilia</em>, is found along the Pacific coast from northern Ecuador down to the Nazca Valley of Peru, and is currently classified as six phenotypically differentiated subspecies. Our aims were to resolve the evolutionary relationships of the six subspecies, to assess the geographical pattern and extent of evolutionary divergence, and to test for introgression using both a mtDNA marker and a genome-by-sequencing dataset from 86 individuals from across the species range. The consensus phylogenetic tree separated the six subspecies into three distinct clades, corresponding with the Ecuador lowlands (<em>A. amazilia dumerilii</em>), the Ecuador highlands (<em>A. amazilia alticola</em> and <em>A. amazilia azuay</em>), and the Peruvian coast (<em>A. amazilia leucophoea</em>, <em>A. amazilia amazilia</em>, and <em>A. amazilia caeruleigularis</em>). However, an unresolved mtDNA network suggests that the diversification of the subspecies was recent and rapid. We found evidence of gene flow among the subspecies <em>A. amazilia dumerilii</em>, <em>A. amazilia alticola</em>, and <em>A. amazilia leucophoea</em>, with strong genetic isolation of the subspecies <em>A. amazilia azuay</em> in the isolated Yunguilla Valley of Ecuador. Finally, environmental data from each subspecies' capture locations were concordant with the three distinct clades. Overall, our results suggest that both expansion into new habitats and geographic isolation shaped the present-day phylogeny and range of the <em>A. amazilia</em> subspecies, and that <em>A. amazilia azuay </em>may be genetically divergent enough to be considered a separate species.</p>
The dataset of dump recordings of power DLS spectra annotated with the actual flow of intralipid for every moment of time
<p>Raw data in this dataset was measured in a biotissue phantom with a capillary channel where the intralipid was pumped with the flow (in ul/min) monitored by a precise flowmeter. The dataset presents dump recordings of power spectra from the photodetector annotated with the actual flow of intralipid for every moment of time for different depths of the capillary. The data was used to build the regression model which has been used to solve the inverse problem of the RBC velocity distribution assessment and for instant calculation of blood flow components from different depths. </p>
Distribution of blood flow oscillation across the Doppler shift evaluated by the proposed approach with local pressure test.
<p>A step-wise increase in local pressure is known to cause a gradual change in the parameters of capillary blood flow in the<br> upper layers of the skin, and can also affect the measurement results of various optical methods. The impact of the procedure has several subsequent effects, such as mechanical compression of vessels, and neurological and metabolic compensating mechanisms like pressure-induced vasodilation, which maintain the homeostasis of the skin during moderate levels of external pressure and tissue hypoxia. To examine how those effects are translated to the blood flow registering in different ranges of the Doppler spectra, we have developed a 3D-printed pressure distribution tool compatible with the developed sensor which was used, and equipped with a set of weights. </p> <p>During the main series of measurements, the weights were placed into the PDT in a step-wise manner to achieve the<br> following values of pressure applied: 10 mmHg, 30 mmHg, 90 mmHg, 150 mmHg, 210 mmHg. At the end of the procedure, the load was reduced back to 30 mmHg. Experiments were conducted with the participation of 7 healthy volunteers with 10 min LDF recording for each step. To estimate the prominence of the observed effects and substantiate the measuring routing, several preliminary experiments were also conducted where the set of values of pressure was applied with a step-wise increase and then decrease with about 2 min of LDF recordings for each step.</p> <p>Published in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering "Diagnosis of skin vascular complications revealed by time-frequency analysis and laser Doppler spectrum decomposition", Zherebtsov et al.</p>
Dynamic light scattering differentiate parameters of blood flow
<p>This dataset demonstrates blood perfusion recordings measurements on the 3rd fingers and wrists simultaneously (sitting position) in volunteers of three groups: healthy volunteers younger group (20 years old), healthy volunteers younger group (~55 years old), patients with Diabetes Type 2 (~55 years old).</p>
Dataset - Generalization of deep recurrent optical flow estimation for particle-image velocimetry data
<p>This is the official test datasets of "Generalization of deep recurrent optical flow estimation for particle-image velocimetry data" published in Measurement Science and Technology. Particle-Image Velocimetry (PIV) is one of the key techniques in modern experimental fluid mechanics to determine the velocity components of flow fields in a wide range of complex engineering problems. Current PIV processing tools are mainly handcrafted models based on cross-correlations computed across interrogation windows. Although widely used, these existing tools have a number of well-known shortcomings, including limited spatial output resolution and peak-locking biases. Recently, new approaches for PIV processing leveraging a novel neural network architecture for optical flow estimation called Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms (RAFT) have been developed. These have matched or exceeded the performance of classical, handcrafted models. While the RAFT-PIV method is a promising approach, it is important for the broader fluids community to more completely understand its empirical behavior and performance. To this end, in this study, we thoroughly investigate the performance of RAFT-PIV under varying image and lighting conditions. IWe consider applications spanning synthetic and experimental data, with a breadth and depth going far beyond currently available empirical results. The results for the wide variation of experiments included in this dataset shed new light on the capabilities of deep learning for PIV processing. This dataset is given as binary TFRECORD format.</p>
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF FLOW STRUCTURE AND HEAT TRANSFER IN BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BEDS
<p>The videos show the movements of selected particles in different geometries of fluidized bed heat exchangers. Two geometries without auxiliary measures and one with air cushion technology are shown.</p>
Variation in reproduction and gene flow between cytotypes in a polyploid complex: one size does not fit all
<p>Whole-genome duplication is considered an important speciation mechanism in plants. However, its effect on reproductive isolation between higher cytotypes is not well understood. We used backcrosses between different ploidy levels and surveys of mixed-ploidy contact zones to determine how reproductive barriers differed with cytotype across a polyploid complex. We backcrossed F1 hybrids derived from 2X-4X and 4X-6X crosses in the Campanula rotundifolia autopolyploid complex, measured backcross fitness, and estimated backcross DNA cytotype. We then sampled four natural mixed-ploidy contact zones (two 2X-4X and two 4X-6X), estimated ploidy, and genotyped individuals across each contact zone. Reproductive success and capacity for gene flow was markedly lower for 2X-4X than 4X-6X hybrids. In fact, 3X hybrids could not backcross; all 2X-4X backcross progeny resulted from neotetraploid F1 hybrids. Further, no 3X individuals were found in 2X-4X contact zones, and 2X and 4X individuals were genetically distinct. By contrast, backcrosses of 5X hybrids were relatively successful, particularly when crossed to 6X individuals. In 4X-6X contact zones, 5X individuals and aneuploids were common and all cytotypes were largely genetically similar and spatially intermixed. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that reproduction is low between 2X and 4X cytotypes, primarily occurring via unreduced gamete production, but that reproduction and gene flow are ongoing between 4X and 6X cytotypes. Further, it suggests whole genome duplication can result in speciation between diploids and polyploids, but is less likely to create reproductive barriers between different polyploid cytotypes, resulting in two fundamentally different potentials for speciation across polyploid complexes.</p>
Multilocus evidence provides insight into the demographic history and asymmetrical gene flow between Ostrinia furnacalis and Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in the Yili area, Xinjiang, China
<p><span>Tianshan Mountain provides a model for studying biological evolution and speciation. Here we assess the evolutionary history of the <em>Ostrinia furnacalis</em> and <em>Ostrinia nubilalis</em>, which are sympatric in the Yili River Valley in Xinjiang, China. </span></p> <p><span>Our study is based on the historical gene flow analyses of two species by using three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, <em>COI</em> & <em>COII</em> & <em>Cytb</em>) and four nuclear DNA (nuDNA, <em>EF-1α</em> &<em> Wingless</em> & <em>RPS5</em> &<em> CAD</em>) markers obtained from representatives of HC (Huocheng), YN (Yining), XY (Xinyuan) and MNS (Manasi). </span></p> <p><span>Our results reveal that there is a strong asymmetrical gene flow pattern between the four populations. The population migratory pathways between these different populations show inflow into HC and YN, outflow from XY, and that MNS maintained a flow balance. Bayesian divergence time dating based on the <em>COI</em> gene suggest the genetic divergence between the two species in this area may have occurred in the late-Pleistocene (0.003</span><span>–0.0127</span><span> Mya). Neutrality tests (Tajima's <em>D</em>, Fu's <em>Fs</em>) and mismatch distribution test results suggest that population expansion events may not have occurred in the recent past, which may follow the 'mountain isolation' hypothesis. The ML and BI trees of the mtDNA haplotype dataset show that ECB haplotypes are clustered together in a distinct clade and are clearly separate from ACB haplotypes. However, the geographical pattern of haplotype distribution is less clear and there is no strong correspondence between haplotypes and their geographical pattern for both ACB and ECB, implying that there has been frequent gene flow among the geographic populations in the Tianshan Mountains.</span></p> <p><span>These findings confirm that geological factors play an important role in driving genetic patterns.</span></p>
Chiral flow in a binary mixture of two-dimensional active disks - Supplementary Data
<p>Supplementary data for the paper: "Chiral flow in a binary mixture of two-dimensional active disks"</p> <p> </p> <ol> <li>*_raw_trajectories.pkl.xz files contain tracking data for each experiment as a pickled Pandas DataFrame object (xz compression) in pixel units (particle diameter=77px)</li> <li>*_w.pkl.xz files contain self-rotation velocity for each experiment as a pickled Pandas DataFrame object (xz compression) in rad/s</li> <li>experiments_properties.dat is a summary table containing the average fields (including vorticity and kinetic energy) for all experiments. Also subdivided by species.</li> </ol>
Numerical simulation results of debris flow under different condition in Chutou gully
<p>We release four datasets that reflect the numerical simulation results of debris flow with a recurrence period of 100 years under different check dam conditions, including with and without check dams and the check dam breakage. The simulation parameters and topography were taken from the Chutou gully, Miansi Town, Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, Southwestern China. The first dataset indicates the final flow depth distribution under the check dam breakage. The second dataset indicates the final flow depth distribution with check dams. The third dataset indicates the final flow depth distribution without check dams. The fourth dataset indicates the flow velocity evolution at different locations, columns A, E, I and M refer to different times, the rest refer to the flow velocity at different locations at corresponding times. The datasets can be used to analyse the effect of the check dam on debris flows or deposit evolution. The first three datasets can be viewed or edited through the ArcGIS software; the last dataset be viewed or edited through the Excel software.</p>
Digital elevation model of differences of two debris flow event in Chutou gully
<p>We release two datasets that reflected the height alteration of channel deposits during the debris flow events, which occurred on 20 August 2019 and 17 August 2020 in Chutou gully, Miansi Town, Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, Southwestern China. The first dataset indicates the height alteration during the 2019 debris flow, whereas the second indicates the 2020 debris flow. The datasets can be used to analyse the deposit evolution during the debris flow events. The datasets can be viewed or edited through the ArcGIS software</p>
Influence of rotation speed on flow field and hydraulic noise in the conduit of a vertical axial-flow pump under low flow rate condition
<p>The complex flow inside the axial-flow pump device will cause the problem of hydraulic noise, in order to explore the influence law of rotation speed on the internal flow characteristics and hydraulic noise of the axial-flow pump conduit, the combination of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Acoustics (CA) is used to numerically solve the flow field and internal sound field in the pump device. The results show that the flow in the elbow inlet conduit is smooth at different rotation speeds, and there is no obvious unstable flow. The higher the rotation speed, the more disordered the flow pattern in the left half of the elbow, which intensifies the unstable flow in the straight outlet conduit. The impeller is the main sound source of the internal hydrodynamic noise of the vertical axial-flow pump device, when the sound source propagates upstream and downstream along the conduit, the Total Sound Source Intensity (TSSI) will gradually decay with the increase of distance, the greater the rotation speed is, the faster the Total Sound Source Intensity (TSSI) will decay. When the rotation speed is increased from 1450 r/min to 2200 r/min, the TSSI in the straight outlet conduit is attenuated by 8.9 dB, 13.9 dB and 16.0 dB respectively, and the TSSI in the elbow inlet conduit is attenuated by 11.0 dB, 13.5 dB and 25.9 dB respectively. The vortex structure in the conduit will induce flow noise and delay the attenuation of TSSI in the propagation process, with the increase of rotation speed, this delay will be more obvious.</p>
Data from: Forest connectivity boosts pollen flow among populations of the oil-producing Nierembergia linariifolia
<p>Context</p> <p>The process of forest fragmentation determines landscapes with isolated forest patches immersed in a distinct matrix. This process may hinder pollinator movement throughout the landscape, which may negatively impact on pollen flow among native plant populations.</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>We evaluated the effect of the loss of forest connectivity on pollen dispersal by specialized native bees in the oil-producing and self-incompatible <em>Nierembergia linariifolia</em>.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We estimated pollen flow between plants of <em>N. linariifolia</em> at an agroecosystem with remnant forest of central Argentina. Six plant populations (source populations) were treated with fluorescent dyes as pollen analogues, and stigmata of recipient plants were collected to seek for dye particles. Dye deposition rate was assessed for plants that were connected through remnant forest to a source population or unconnected by a crop matrix, and at increasing distances to a source population.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Deposition rate per plant was higher in connected than in unconnected plants, and decreased with increasing distances to a source population in an exponential fashion. Most of the dispersal events between connected plants occurred at the vicinity of a source population. Long dispersal events (up to 1259 m) were recorded between plants located at neighbouring forest patches separated by an agricultural matrix.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Landscape connectivity through forest remnants is key to enhance pollen flow between self-incompatible plants such as <em>N. linariifolia</em>. Besides, the evidence of pollen dispersal through the agricultural matrix pinpoints the essential role of native pollinators in maintaining pollen flow among unconnected plant populations in fragmented landscapes.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.