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3,538 results for “Lizard”
Figure S4 in Unusual morphology in the mid-Cretaceous lizard Oculudentavis
Figure S4. Segmented skull elements. Related to Figures 1, 2. A–C, Oculudentavis naga; D–F, O. khaungraae. Ventral view of the palatal bones (A, D); left quadrate (B); right quadrate (E); left scleral ossicle series (C, F). Related to Figures 1, 2.
Figure S3 in Unusual morphology in the mid-Cretaceous lizard Oculudentavis
Figure S3. Segmented skull elements. Related to Figures 1, 2. A–D, Oculudentavis naga; E–H, O. khaungraae. Dorsal view of the frontal and nasal (A, E); dorsal view of the parietal (B, F); lateral view of the left (C), and right (G) postorbitals, and lateral views of the left squamosal (D, H).
Figure 7 in Unusual morphology in the mid-Cretaceous lizard Oculudentavis
Figure 7. Oculudentavis naga prior to being trapped in tree resin Scientific illustration by Stephanie Abramowicz.
Figure S1 in Unusual morphology in the mid-Cretaceous lizard Oculudentavis
Figure S1. Articulated skulls of Oculudentavis species with bone interpretation based on the digital segmentation. Related to Figures 1, 2. A–C, O. naga, D–K, O. khaungraae. Scale bar equals 2 mm.
Figure S2 in Unusual morphology in the mid-Cretaceous lizard Oculudentavis
Figure S2. Segmented skull elements. Related to Figures 1, 2. A–H, Oculudentavis naga; I–P, O. khaungraae. Lateral view of the premaxilla (A, I); dorsal view of the premaxilla (B, J). Left maxilla in lateral (C, K), occlusal (D, L), and medial (E, M) views. Nasals in dorsal view (F, N), and right jugal bones in lateral (G, O) and dorsal views (H, P).
Figure 4 in Unusual morphology in the mid-Cretaceous lizard Oculudentavis
Figure 4. Cranial disparity of typical lepidosaurs to demonstrate the atypical skulls of Oculudentavis (A) Sphenodon punctatus, Rhynchocephalia UF11978; (B) Anelytropsis papillosus UF-H-86708, Dibamidae; (C) Sphaerodactylus caicosensis UF95971, Gekkota; (D) Smaug swazicus NMB-R9201, Cordyliformes; (E) Eugongylus albofasciolatus CAS159825, Scincidae; (F) Varanus sp. UF71411, Varanidae; (G) Rieppeleon brevicaudatus CAS168891, Iguania; (H) Boaedon fuliginosus CAS85747, Serpentes; (I) Oculudentavis naga GRS-Ref-28627; (J) O. khaungraae HPG-15-3. Scale bar represents 10 mm.
Figure 5 in Unusual morphology in the mid-Cretaceous lizard Oculudentavis
Figure 5. Phylogenetic trees showing the position of Oculudentavis (A) Phylogenetic tree showing the position of Oculudentavis usingan amniote dataset;6 (B) photograph of the holotypeof O. naga; (C) simplified phylogenetic tree showing the position of Oculudentavis using a squamate dataset7 combined with a molecular dataset15 treating some morphological characters as ordered; (D) simplified phylogenetic tree showing the position of Oculudentavis using the same dataset as in (C) but with all characters unordered; (E) simplified phylogenetic tree showing the position of Oculudentavis using the same dataset as (C) but removing molecular data. In (C)–(E), crown groups were collapsed and are represented by silhouettes. Sphenodon punctatus, Anelytropsis papillosus (Dibamidae), Sphaerodactylus klauberi (Gekkota), Smaug giganteus (Cordylidae), Xantusia vigilis (Xantusiidae), Tribolonotus gracilis (Scincidae), Bachia flavescens (Lacertoidea), Lacerta bilineata (Lacertoidea), Blanus cinereous (Amphisbaenia), Varanus komodoensis (Anguimorpha), Physignathus cocincinus (Iguania), and Ophiophagus hannah (Serpentes) are shown. Node values indicate Bremer support; nodes with no support were recovered in the implied weights analyses. See also Data S1.
Figure 3 in Unusual morphology in the mid-Cretaceous lizard Oculudentavis
Figure 3. Comparison of the two specimens of Oculudentavis, details of the lacrimal and dentary Right side view of the orbit showing the ring-like lacrimal bone (salmon color) in situ in (A) O. naga and (B) O. khaungraae (orbit view here is posterolateral to show the orbital elements more clearly). Dorsolingual view of the dentary in (C) O. naga and (D) O. khaungraae is shown. Scale bar represents 1 mm.
Figure 6 in Unusual morphology in the mid-Cretaceous lizard Oculudentavis
Figure 6. Heatmaps displaying the possible degree of deformation in Oculudentavis species O. khaungraae HPG-15-3 (Aand B) and O. naga GRS-Ref-28627 (C and D). The shape variation (degree of deformation) between the original and retrodeformed 3D surface is color coded, with yellow and dark blue representing no deformation and high deformation, respectively. Heatmaps indicating the amount of retrodeformation provide a good visual aid to display the regions where a specimen would have been deformed and what its overall shape would have looked like prior to deformation. All changes are based on observed distortions in the specimens themselves. See also Data S1.
Figure 1 in Unusual morphology in the mid-Cretaceous lizard Oculudentavis
Figure 1. Oculudentavis naga (GRS-Ref- 286278) displaying the superb preservation of bone and soft tissue (A) Dorsal; (B) lateral; (C) ventral views. Scale bar represents 10 mm. Diptera associated with the lizard skeleton were identified as Phoridae, Platypezidae, Ceratopogonidae, or Brachycera (Empidoidea). See also Figures S1–S7 and Data S1.
Phylogenetic signal and evolutionary correlates of urban tolerance in a widespread neotropical lizard clade
<p>Urbanization is intensifying worldwide, and while some species tolerate and even exploit urban environments, many others are excluded entirely from this new habitat. Understanding the factors that underlie tolerance of urbanization is thus of rapidly growing importance. Here we examine urban tolerance across a diverse group of lizards: Caribbean members of the neotropical genus Anolis. Our analyses reveal that urban tolerance has strong phylogenetic signal, suggesting that closely related species tend to respond similarly to urban environments. We propose that this characteristic of urban tolerance in anoles may be used to forecast the possible responses of species to increasing urbanization. In addition, we identified several key ecological and morphological traits that tend to be associated with tolerance in Anolis. Specifically, species experiencing hot and dry conditions in their natural environment and those that maintain higher body temperatures tend to have greater tolerance of urban habitats. We also found that tolerance of urbanization is positively associated with toepad lamella number, and negatively associated with ventral scale density and relative hindlimb length. The identification of factors that predispose a species to be more or less urban tolerant can provide a starting point for conservation and sustainable development in our increasingly urbanized world.</p>
Lizard (Uromastyx acanthinura)
**Ejemplar:** *Uromastyx acanthinura* **Nombre común**: Lagarto de cola espinosa del Norte de África **Taxonomía**: orden=Squamata, suborden=Lacertilia, familia=Agamidae, subfamilia: Leiolepidinae **Localidad:** Desierto del Sáhara (Marruecos) **Descripción:** ejemplar histórico de la colección "Padre Ignacio Sala S.J." del colegio Jesuitas (Valencia). Ejemplar taxidermizado hace unos 50 años. **Sigla museo, colección y entidad:** MUVHNZJ0163, Colección CCNN Padre Ignacio Sala S.J. (Jesuitas) del Museo de la Universitat de Valencia de Historia Natural **Técnica digitalización / modelo**: escaneado superficial, escáner 3D Einscan Pro (luz estructurada) **Software empleado**: einscan Pro v3.1.0.2 **Parámetros software:** modo manual sin plataforma giratoria, calidad alta **Archivo 3D:** Obj 89 Mb , textura JPG 5 Mb **Autor digitalización:** Jose A. Villena y Guillermo Rodero **Cita ejemplar:** modelo 3D colección "Padre Ignacio Sala S.J." del Museo de la Universitat de Valencia de Historia Natural Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from: Gene flow and isolation in the arid Nearctic revealed by genomic analyses of desert spiny lizards
<p>The opposing forces of gene flow and isolation are two major processes shaping genetic diversity. Understanding how these vary across space and time is necessary to identify the environmental features that promote diversification. The detection of considerable geographic structure in taxa from the arid Nearctic has prompted research into the drivers of isolation in the region. Several geographic features have been proposed as barriers to gene flow, including the Colorado River, Western Continental Divide, and a hypothetical Mid-Peninsular Seaway in Baja California. However, recent studies suggest that the role of barriers in genetic differentiation may have been overestimated when compared to other mechanisms of divergence. In this study, we infer historical and spatial patterns of connectivity and isolation in Desert Spiny Lizards (<em>Sceloporus magister</em>) and Baja Spiny Lizards (<em>S. zosteromus</em>), which together form a species complex composed of parapatric lineages with wide distributions in arid western North America. Our analyses incorporate mitochondrial sequences, genomic-scale data, and past and present climatic data to evaluate the nature and strength of barriers to gene flow in the region. Our approach relies on estimates of migration under the multispecies coalescent to understand the history of lineage divergence in the face of gene flow. Results show that the <em>S. magister</em> complex is geographically structured, but we also detect instances of gene flow. The Continental Divide is a strong barrier to gene flow, while the Colorado River is more permeable. Analyses yield conflicting results for the catalyst of differentiation of peninsular lineages in <em>S. zosteromus</em>. Our study shows how large-scale genomic data for thoroughly sampled species can shed new light on biogeography. Furthermore, our approach highlights the need for the combined analysis of multiple sources of evidence to adequately characterize the drivers of divergence.</p>
Data from: Genetic depletion does not prevent rapid evolution in island-introduced lizards
<p>Experimental introductions of species have provided some of the most tractable examples of rapid phenotypic changes, which may reflect plasticity, the impact of stochastic processes, or the action of natural selection. Yet to date, very few studies have investigated the neutral and potentially adaptive genetic impacts of experimental introductions. We dissect the role of these processes in shaping the population differentiation of wall lizards in three Croatian islands (Sušac, Pod Kopište, Pod Mrčaru), including the islet of Pod Mrčaru where experimentally introduced lizards underwent rapid (~30 generations) phenotypic changes associated to a shift from an insectivorous to a plant-based diet. Using a genomic approach (~82,000 ddRAD loci), we confirmed a founder effect during introduction, and very low neutral genetic differentiation between the introduced population and its source. However, genetic depletion did not prevent rapid population growth, as the introduced lizards exhibited population genetic signals of expansion and are known to have reached a high density. Our genome-scan analysis identified just a handful of loci showing large allelic shifts between ecologically divergent populations. This low overall signal of selection suggests that the extreme phenotypic differences observed among populations are determined by a small number of large-effect loci, and/or that phenotypic plasticity plays a major role in phenotypic changes. Nonetheless, functional annotation of the outlier loci revealed some candidate genes relevant to diet-induced adaptation, in agreement with the hypothesis of directional selection. Our study provides important insights on the evolutionary potential of bottlenecked populations in response to new selective pressures on short ecological timescales.</p>
Data from: Predator-driven behavioral shifts in a common lizard shape resource-flow from marine to terrestrial ecosystems
<p>We conducted a field experiment to assess foraging niche dynamics of semiarboreal brown anole lizards in the presence/absence of predatory ground-dwelling curly tailed lizards in a replicated set of island ecosystems. Data used in this study includes ecological infomration for the replicated islands of study (i.e. relative arthropod and seaweedabundances) together with phenotypic data of the lizards studied (body mass, size, body condition, as well as behavioral traits describing risk-taking behavior) as well as habitat use data and marine component of diet as a surrogate of the diet of these lizards. One year after experimental translocation, brown anoles exposed to these predators increased perch height and reduced consumption of marine-derived food resources. We also use this dataset to investigate if this foraging niche shift altered marine-to-terrestrial resource-flow dynamics and persisted in the diets of the first-generation offspring. Finally, we also assessed if lizards that displayed more risk-taking behaviors consumed more marine prey on islands with predators present.</p>
Sex- and state-dependent covariation of risk-averse and escape behavior in a widespread lizard
<p>Mounting evidence has show<span>n</span> that personality and behavioral syndromes have a substantial influence on <span>interspecific interactions</span> and <span>individual </span>fitness. However, the stability of <span>covariation among multiple behavioral traits involved in antipredator responses</span> <span>has seldom been tested</span>. Here, we <span>investigate whether </span>sex, <span>gravidity</span>, and parasit<span>e infestations influence</span> <span>the covariation</span> <span>between</span> <span>risk-aversion</span> <span>(hiding time within a refuge) </span>and <span>escape</span> <span>response (immobility, escape distance)</span> using a viviparous lizard<span>,</span> <em>Zootoca vivipara</em><span> as a model system. Our results</span> <span>demonstrated a correlation between risk-averse and escape behavior at the among-individual level, but </span>only <span>in</span> <span>gravid</span> females<span>. We found no significant correlations in either males or neonates</span>. <span>A striking result was the loss of the association in post-parturition females. </span>Th<span>is</span> <span>suggests</span> that the <span>'risk-averse</span> – <span>e</span>scape<span>'</span> syndrome <span>is ephemeral and only emerges in response to constraints on locomotion driven by reproductive burden.</span> <span>Moreover</span>, parasites have the potential to disassociate the<span> correlations between</span> <span>risk-aversion and </span>escape <span>response</span> in <span>gravid</span> females, <span>yet the causal chain requires further examination</span>. <span>Overall, o</span>ur findings provide evidence of differences in the association <span>between</span> <span>behaviors within the life-time of an individual</span> and <span>indicate</span> that <span>individual states, sex and life stages can together</span> influence the stability of behavioral syndromes.</p>
SNP data for Northern Alligator Lizards
<p>Understanding the processes that shape genetic diversity by either promoting or preventing population divergence can help identify geographic areas that either facilitate or limit gene flow. Furthermore, broadly distributed species allow us to understand how biogeographic and ecogeographic transitions affect gene flow. We investigated these processes using genomic data in the Northern Alligator Lizard (<em>Elgaria coerulea</em>), which is widely distributed in Western North America across diverse ecoregions (California Floristic Province and Pacific Northwest) and mountain ranges (Sierra Nevada, Coastal Ranges, and Cascades). We collected single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 120 samples of <em>E. coerulea</em>. Biogeographic analyses of squamate reptiles with similar distributions have identified several shared diversification patterns that provide testable predictions for <em>E. coerulea</em>, including deep genetic divisions in the Sierra Nevada, demographic stability of southern populations, and recent post-Pleistocene expansion into the Pacific Northwest. We use genomic data to test these predictions by estimating the structure, connectivity, and phylogenetic history of populations. At least ten distinct populations are supported, with mixed-ancestry individuals situated at most population boundaries. A species tree analysis provides strong support for the early divergence of populations in the Sierra Nevada Mountains and recent diversification into the Pacific Northwest. Admixture and migration analyses detect gene flow among populations in the Lower Cascades and Northern California, and a spatial analysis of gene flow identified significant barriers to gene flow across both the Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges. The distribution of genetic diversity in <em>E. coerulea</em> is uneven, patchy, and interconnected at population boundaries. The biogeographic patterns seen in <em>E. coerulea</em> are consistent with predictions from co-distributed species.</p>
Data and analysis scripts: Evidence supporting an evolutionary trade-off between material properties and architectural design in Anolis lizard long bones
<p>In biology, 'many-to-one mapping' occurs when multiple morphological forms can meet a particular functional demand. Knowledge of this mapping is crucial for understanding how selection on performance shapes the evolution of morphological diversity. Past research has focused primarily on the potential for geometrically alternative morphological designs to produce equivalent performance outcomes. Here we ask whether the material properties of biological tissues hold similar potential. Through phylogenetic comparative study of <em>Anolis</em> lizards, we show that the architectural design and mineral density of the femur trade off in a many-to-one functional system, yielding a morphospace featuring parallel isolines in size-relative bending strength. Anole femur evolution has largely tracked a narrow band of strength isolines over phylogenetic timescales, suggesting that geometry and mineral content shape the course of macroevolution through compensatory effects on performance. Despite this conserved evolutionary relationship, insular and continental species evolve strong bones differently, likely reflecting underlying ecological differences. Mainland anoles, which exhibit fast-paced life histories, typically have femora with lower mineralization and thinner walls than island species, which exhibit the opposite strategy. Together, our results reveal an overlooked dimension in the relationship between form and function, expanding our understanding of how many-to-one mapping can shape patterns of phenotypic diversity.</p>
Coral Reef Soundscapes - Lizard Island, Australia
<p>Repository to support the publication: Unlocking the soundscapes of coral reefs with artificial intelligence. Williams et al (2024) https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.02.578582.</p> <p>If using this data please cite or acknowledge the paper.</p> <p>This repository contains all the raw data from the Australian coral reef soundscape dataset. Note, some site names were switched for the publication, so differ to the raw files in this repository. For conversions use:</p> <p>This repo -> The publication</p> <p>SiteA -> Site A<br>SiteB -> Site G<br>SiteC -> Site D<br>SiteD -> Site E<br>SiteE -> Site B<br>SiteF -> Site I<br>SiteG -> Site H<br>SiteH -> Site L<br>SiteI -> Site C<br>SiteJ -> Site F<br>SiteK -> Site J<br>SiteL -> Site K</p>
Data for: Climatic-niche breadth, niche position, and speciation in lizards and snakes
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The climatic niche is associated with diversification in many groups of animals and plants. However, the relationships between climatic-niche breadth evolution, climatic-niche position evolution, and speciation remain underexplored. It is particularly unclear whether changes in climatic-niche breadth are related to diversification. We tested two hypotheses relating niche breadth, niche position, and speciation using climatic data in Squamata (lizards and snakes), one of the largest radiations of tetrapods. These hypotheses were: (1) the oscillation hypothesis (niche breadth changes along with niche position and speciation); and (2) the musical chairs hypothesis (niche breadth remains relatively constant when niche position changes during speciation).</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Global.</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> Squamata (lizards and snakes).</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We estimated rates of speciation and evolutionary rates for both climatic-niche position and climatic-niche breadth for 5,320 squamate species. We tested relationships among these rates using Bayesian phylogenetic generalized linear-mixed models.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher speciation rates were associated with higher rates of evolution in niche position and in niche breadth. Faster rates of change in niche breadth were related to narrower niches and faster rates of change in niche position.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions: </strong>Our results support the oscillation hypothesis to explain the relationships between speciation and changes in climatic niche position and climatic niche breadth. We found that species that changed climatic-niche breadths more rapidly: (1) speciated faster; (2) evolved towards narrower niche breadths; and (3) changed climatic-niche positions more rapidly. These results suggest that the oscillation between wider and narrower niches is coupled with climatic-niche divergence and speciation. These conclusions may apply to many other groups of plants and animals in which speciation is often related to climatic-niche divergence.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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