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Fig. 1 in Behavioral Responses Of Salmonid Fingerlings To New Invasive Fish Predator Perccottus Glenii
Fig. 1. Scheme of the experimental basin and video recordering. Black fish – predator, white fishes – fingerlings, gray – pipe for releasing of predator.
Fig. 3 in Phytoplankton Responses To Climate Change In The Large Lakes Of The Baltic Sea Basin
Fig. 3. Phytoplankton biomass structure in the Lake Peipsi (Lake Peipsi - left and Lake Pihkva - right column) for August 2004-2014.
Fig. 5 in Phytoplankton Responses To Climate Change In The Large Lakes Of The Baltic Sea Basin
Fig. 5. Average monthly (a – July, b – August) summer air temperature over Lake Peipsi catchment area for 1989–2014.
Fig. 4 in Physiological Responses Of Rare Coastal Salt Marsh Plant Triglochin Maritima L. To Soil Chemical Heterogeneity
Fig. 4. Time-course of Peformance Index (A) and chlorophyll concentration (B) in leaves of T. maritima plants grown in different substrates.
Fig. 7 in Physiological Responses Of Rare Coastal Salt Marsh Plant Triglochin Maritima L. To Soil Chemical Heterogeneity
Fig. 7. Correlation between summary Na + K concentration and extract EC in leaves (A) and roots (B) of T. maritima plants.
Fig. 1 in Physiological Responses Of Rare Coastal Salt Marsh Plant Triglochin Maritima L. To Soil Chemical Heterogeneity
Fig. 1. Effect of treatment type on soil electrical conductivity (A) and pH (B) after 8 weeks of cultivation.
Fig. 5 in Physiological Responses Of Rare Coastal Salt Marsh Plant Triglochin Maritima L. To Soil Chemical Heterogeneity
Fig. 5. Time-course of Na+ (A), K+ (B) and Ca2+ concentration in leaves of T. maritima plants grown in different substrates.
Fig. 6 in Physiological Responses Of Rare Coastal Salt Marsh Plant Triglochin Maritima L. To Soil Chemical Heterogeneity
Fig. 6. Effect of treatment type on Na+ (A) and K+ (B) concentration in roots of T. maritima plants after 8 weeks of cultivation.
Figure 6 in Herbicide response and germination behavior of two goosegrass (Eleusine indica) populations in the Australian environment
Figure 6. Effect of burial depth on the seedling emergence of the two Australian populations (Gatton and Ingham) of Eleusine indica. The lines represent a gaussian model fit to the emergence data obtained at different seed burial depths.
Data from: Measuring leaf and root functional traits uncovers multidimensionality of plant responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
<p>Premise of the study While many studies have measured the aboveground responses of plants to mycorrhizal fungi at a single time point, little is known about how plants respond belowground or across time to mycorrhizal symbiosis. By measuring belowground responses as well as growth over time in many plant species, we create a more complete picture of how mycorrhizal fungi benefit their hosts. Methods We grew 26 prairie plant species with and without mycorrhizal fungi and measured fourteen functional traits measuring above and belowground tissue quality and quantity responses and changes in resource allocation. We used function-value trait (FVT) modeling to characterize changes in species growth rate when colonized. Key results While aboveground biomass responses were positive, the response of traits belowground were much more variable. Changes in aboveground biomass accounted for 60.8% of the variation in mycorrhizal responses, supporting the use of aboveground biomass response as the primary response trait. Responses belowground were not associated with aboveground responses and accounted for 18.3% of the variation. Growth responses over time were highly variable across species. Interestingly, none of the measured responses were phylogenetically conserved. Conclusions Mycorrhizal fungi increase plant growth in most scenarios, but the effects of these fungi belowground and across time are more complicated. This study highlights how differences in plant allocation priorities might affect how they utilize the benefits from mycorrhizal fungi. Identifying and characterizing these differences is a key step to understanding the effects of mycorrhizal mutualisms on whole plant physiology. </p>
Multiple stressors lead to complex responses in reproductive behaviors in an African cichlid
<p>Exposure to multiple environmental stressors is a common occurrence that can affect organisms in predictable or unpredictable ways. Hypoxia and turbidity in aquatic environments are two stressors that can affect reproductive behaviors by altering energy availability and the visual environment, respectively. Here we examine the relative effects of population and the rearing environment (oxygen concentration and turbidity) on reproductive behaviors. We reared cichlid fish (the Egyptian mouthbrooder, Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor) from two populations (a swamp and river) until sexual maturity, in a full factorial design (hypoxic/normoxic x clear/turbid) and then quantified male competitive and courtship behaviors and female preference under their respective rearing conditions. Overall, we found that the rearing environment was more important than population for determining behavior, indicating there were few heritable differences in reproductive behavior between the two populations. Unexpectedly, males in the hypoxic rearing treatment performed more competitive and courtship behaviors. Under turbid conditions males performed fewer competitive and courtship behaviors. We predicted that females would prefer males from their own population. However, under the hypoxic and turbid combination females from both populations preferred males from the other population. Our results suggest that reproductive behaviors are affected by interactions between male traits, female preference, and environmental conditions.</p>
Data from: Thermal response of freshwater ciliates: can they survive at elevated lake temperatures?
<p>The response of the single-celled ciliates to increased temperature during global warming is critical for the structure and functioning of freshwater food webs. I conducted a meta-analysis of the literature from field studies and experimental evidence to assess the parameters characterising the thermal response of freshwater ciliates. The shape of the thermal performance curve predicts the ciliates' survival at supraoptimal temperatures (i.e., the width of the thermal safety margin, TSM). The ciliates' typical TSM is ~5°C. One-third of the freshwater ciliates dwelling permanently or occasionally in the pelagial cannot survive at temperatures exceeding 30°C. Likewise, cold-stenothermic species, which represent a significant fraction of euplanktonic ciliates, cannot survive by evolutionary adaptation to rapidly warming environments. The statistical analysis revealed that the ciliates' thermal performance is affected by their planktonic lifestyle (euplanktonic versus tychoplanktonic), ability to form cysts, and nutritional ecology. Bactivorous ciliates have the widest temperature niche, and algivorous ciliates have the narrowest temperature niche. Phenotypic plasticity and genetic variation, favouring the selection of pre-adapted species in a new environment, are widespread among freshwater ciliates. However, the lack of evidence for the temperature optima and imprecisely defined tolerance limits of most species hamper the present analysis. The extent of acclimation and adaptation requires further research with more ciliate species than the few chosen thus far. Recent eco-evolutionary experimental work and modelling approaches demonstrated that the ciliates' thermal responses follow general trends predicted by the metabolic theory of ecology and mechanistic functions inherent in enzyme kinetics. The present analysis identified current knowledge gaps and avenues for future research that may serve as a model study for other biota. Thermal adaptation may conflict with adaptation to other stressors (predators, food availability, pH), making general predictions on the future role of freshwater ciliates in a warmer environment difficult, if not impossible, at the moment.</p>
Figs. 2 A-H in Copper and zinc interactions: morphophysiological responses in sweet potato plants (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Figs. 2 A-H. Effects of Cu and Zn on the nutrient content, based on dry weight (DW), in sweet potato plants (Ipomoea batatas L.). A. Nitrogen (g kg-1 DW); B. Potassium (g kg-1 DW); C. Calcium (g kg-1 DW); D. Magnesium (g kg-1 DW); E. Copper (mg kg-1 DW); F. Zinc (mg kg-1 DW); G. Iron (mg kg-1 DW); H. Manganese (mg kg-1 DW).
FIGURE 1 in When roads cross streams: fish assemblage responses to fluvial fragmentation in lowland Amazonian streams
FIGURE 1 | Sampled streams location in northeastern Pará, Brazil. Circle: Igarapé Buiuna; Diamond: Igarapé Laranjal; Square: Igarapé São João; Star: Igarapé Pirapema; Triangle: Igarapé Timboteua.
FIGURE 2 in When roads cross streams: fish assemblage responses to fluvial fragmentation in lowland Amazonian streams
FIGURE 2 | ANOVA results for environmental significant differences among stream reach groups. A. Depth; B. Water flow. D: Downstream reaches from impoundments; I: Impounded reaches; U: Upstream reaches from impoundments.
FIGURE 3 in When roads cross streams: fish assemblage responses to fluvial fragmentation in lowland Amazonian streams
FIGURE 3 | NMDS results for fish assemblage composition in northeastern Amazonian streams. A. Taxonomic composition. Fitted variables: Dep: average depth; Mac: macrophytes; Sdiv: substrate diversity; Vis: visibility; WF: average water flow. B. Functional composition. Fitted variables: CoL: coarse litter; Dep: average depth; Mac: macrophytes; MaxT: maximum temperature; San: sand; WF: average water flow. Dot-dashed polygon: Upstream reaches (U); Dotted polygon: Downstream reaches (D); Dashed polygon: Impounded reaches (I). For species and functional groups codes, see Tab. S1.
FIGURE 3 in Fish biomarker responses to perturbation by drought in streams
FIGURE 3 | MDA and enzymatic activity in the liver of Astyanax elachylepis from intermittent and perennial streams during dry and rainy seasons. Different capital letters indicate a significant difference (Tukey post-hoc test at p <0.05) between seasons for a given stream, and different lower-case letters indicate a significant difference between intermittent and perennial streams within a given season. Differences are shown only between levels of the factors that had significant effect according to two-way ANOVA.
FIGURE 3 in Convergent responses of fish belonging to different feeding guilds to sewage pollution
FIGURE 3 | Distribution of the piscivorous species Hoplias intermedius (red points) and the detritivorous species Hypostomus francisci (blue points) in the bi-plot space by study regions: A. Upper RV, B. Middle RV, C. Lower RV and D. Control sites. Resources: GR = Grasses; RV= Riparian vegetation; PE = periphyton; SW = Sewage (before treatment); AL = filamentous algae and FS = Fish.
FIGURE 2 in Convergent responses of fish belonging to different feeding guilds to sewage pollution
FIGURE 2 | Variation in the isotopic composition of carbon (A. and C.) and nitrogen (C. and D.) in the piscivorous species Hoplias intermedius (A. and C.) and the detritivorous species Hypostomus francisci (B. and D.) among the studied regions.
FIGURE 1 in Convergent responses of fish belonging to different feeding guilds to sewage pollution
FIGURE 1 | Sampling network in the rio das Velhas basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sampling sites at rio das Velhas main stem (RV-01 to RV- 05), rio Taquaraçu (TQ); rio Jaboticatubas (JB); rio Cipó (CP1 and CP2); rio da Onça (ON); rio Bicudo (BI); rio Curimataí (CU); and Sewage Treatment Plants (STP's).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.