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opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Data from: Evaluating temporal turnover in avian species richness in a Mediterranean semiarid region: different responses to elevation and forest cover

Aim. When studying the effects of global change on biodiversity, it is far more common for the effects of climate change and land-use changes to be assessed separately rather than jointly. However, the effects of land-use changes in recent decades on species richness in areas affected by climate change have been less studied. We assess the temporal turnover in species richness of an avian community between a historical period and a modern one as a consequence of global change. Location. Semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem (Southeastern Spain). Method. We fitted a hierarchical multi-species occupancy model for each period (1991-1992, and 2012-2017), obtaining avian species-specific estimates of occupancy probability in relation to environmental covariates (elevation and forest cover). We analyze the relationships between changes in the bird community and environmental variables, analysing the temporal turnover of the species richness and the richness-based species-exchange ratio. Results. The estimated species richness accounting for detectability was higher than observed species richness, and decreased in the more recent period. Following our hypotheses, we observed a dual pattern of species richness increase associated with different elevations, showing different species turnover rates due to the joint effects of climate change and land-use change. There is a trend toward greater species richness with higher elevations that is associated with climate change, where the species turnover rate is low. Also, species richness increased towards lower elevations, but with a high turnover rate. The latter can be due to species expansions throughout new habitat configurations in bordering forest systems associated with anthropic land-use changes. Conclusions. Our study is of great interest to understand the temporal turnover of avian species richness associated with areas experiencing both climate and land-use change.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Spatial and temporal niche overlap of aardwolves and aardvarks in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania

Species interactions can influence species distributions, but mechanisms mitigating competition or facilitating positive interactions between ecologically similar species are often poorly understood. Aardwolves (Proteles cristata) and aardvarks (Orycteropus afer) are nocturnal, insectivorous mammals that co-occur in eastern and southern Africa, and knowledge of these species is largely limited to their nutritional biology. We used aardwolf and aardvark detections from 106 remote cameras during 2016–2018 to assess their spatial and temporal niche overlap in the grasslands of Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Using a multispecies occupancy model, we identified a positive interaction between occupancy probabilities for aardwolves and aardvarks. Slope, proportion of grassland, and termite mound density did not affect occupancy probabilities of either species. Probability of aardwolf, but not aardvark, occupancy increased with distance to permanent water sources, which may relate to predation risk avoidance. Diel activity overlap between aardwolves and aardvarks was high during wet and dry seasons, with both species being largely nocturnal. Aardwolves and aardvarks have an important ecological role as termite consumers, and aardvarks are suggested to be ecosystem engineers. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the spatial and temporal niche of insectivores like aardwolves and aardvarks, suggesting high spatial and temporal niche overlap in which commensalism occur, whereby aardwolves benefit from aardvark presence through increased food accessibility.

opencc-by-nc-nd-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Record of the temporal evolution of the price of Decathlon sports footwear by gender and brand

This dataset includes simulated data for a potential project of analysis of data for prices of sports shoes classified by brand and gender collected from a website at different dates.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Figura 1 in Estrutura e caracterização temporal do sinal acústico emitido por Fidicinoides vinula (Stål, 1854) (Cicadidae: Fidicinini): Resultados preliminares

Figura 1. Oscilograma do sinal acústico emitido por Fidicinoides vinula.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Dataset to manuscript Excitation's lifetime extracted from electron-photon (EELS-CL) nanosecond-scale temporal coincidences

The datasets provided are raw data after the initial electron-photon temporal lists have been analyzed to determine the electron-photon pairs and their temporal delay. These lists are too long and not very meaningful to be provided in full.The datasets were analyzed with the following Python libraries: Numpy 1.23.5, Matplotlib 3.6.2, Scipy 1.10.0, Hyperspy 1.7.3.The provided jupyter notebooks were used to generate the figures in the manuscript.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Temporal variations of the multifaceted biodiversity and assembly mechanisms in lake fish assemblages

Understanding long-term changes of fish diversity and community assembly rules is crucial for freshwater conservation. Growing evidence indicates that studying functional and phylogenetic diversity beyond purely taxonomic considerations can provide different but complementary information on community assembly. Here, the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic β-diversity of fish communities, as well as the community assembly mechanisms were explored in five impounded lakes of the China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) from the 1980s to the 2010s. We found that: 1) there was an obvious trend of species homogenization in the five impounded lakes, but the long-term transformations of different dimensional β-diversities were divergent; 2) water quality and land use variables have greater impacts in multi-dimensional β-diversity; and, 3) community assembly process in taxonomic and functional dimensions were dominated by random process in both periods, while shifted from limiting similarity to habitat filtering in the phylogenetic dimension. These results highlight that functional and phylogenetic diversity are important additional ecological indices for assessing patterns of fish diversity in lakes.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Temporal mismatches in flight activity patterns between Pipistrellus kuhlii and Prays oleae in Mediterranean olive farms: Implications for biocontrol services potential

<ol> <li>Biocontrol services are widely recognized as providing key incentives for bat conservation. However, we have virtually no information on whether and how disruptions in bat-mediated biocontrol services are driven by mismatches between the temporal activity patterns of insectivorous bats and insect pests.</li> <li>2. We investigated the temporal relationship between the nightly activity patterns of the common pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus kuhlii) and the olive fruit moth (Prays oleae). Temporal mismatches between species pairs were estimated as the time difference (expressed as a percentage of the night) at which P. kuhlii and P. oleae reached 50% of their abundance.</li> <li>The study was carried out during spring, summer, and fall between 2017 and 2019 in 60 olive farms representing increasing levels of structural simplification (as a surrogate of agricultural intensification). Olive farms were classified as exhibiting high (i.e., HIGH olive farms; n = 27), intermediate (MID; n = 18), and low (LOW; n = 15) structural complexity. </li> <li>Temporal mismatches between the activity levels of P. kuhlii and P. oleae varied between seasons and types of olive farms, being comparatively lower in summer than in spring and fall. Furthermore, summer was the only season in which temporal mismatches between species pairs differed between types of olive farms, with higher temporal mismatches found in LOW than in HIGH and MID olive farms.</li> <li>Overall, our work demonstrates the existence of temporal mismatches between the nightly activity patterns of P. kuhlii and P. oleae. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the structural simplification of olive farms increases temporal mismatches between species pairs, particularly in summer when bat-mediated biocontrol services are most needed.</li> <li> Synthesis and applications. Future research should consider mismatches between the temporal activity patterns of insectivorous bats and insect pests. Otherwise, the actual impact of agricultural intensification on bat-mediated biocontrol services as well as the economic impact of their loss on the agriculture industry might be underestimated. To enhance biocontrol services, we propose increasing the availability of suitable roosting and foraging sites as well as conserving areas of remnant native woodland and scattered hollow-bearing trees.</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Data from: Temporal dynamics in psychological assessments: a novel dataset with scales and response times

This dataset is collected from February 27 to March 17, 2021, it includes responses from 24,292 students to four recognized psychological scales: PHQ-9, GAD-7, ISI, and PSS. A unique aspect of this dataset is the inclusion of response time data, which reflects the duration students took to answer each question. This temporal information offers a new dimension in understanding respondent behavior and enhances the reliability of these scales.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Dataset to 'Altered correlation of concurrently recorded EEG-fMRI connectomes in temporal lobe epilepsy '

Dataset to 'Altered correlation of concurrently recorded EEG-fMRI connectomes in temporal lobe epilepsy ' <div> <div>For the linked publication see: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00362" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00362</a></div> <div> </div> </div> eeg-fmri_$dataset$_$group$_connectomes_desikan_scrubbed.mat datasets with filename truncTo5min hold static connectivities based on timeseries truncated to 5min. All other datasets are based on static connectivities derived from the total session timeseries. subj: subject subj.name: name of the subject subj.sess: session subj.sess.sess_name: name of the session subj.sess.fMRI: vector of upper triangular of fMRI connectivity subj.sess.EEG: EEG connectomes subj.sess.EEG.name: name of connectivity measure used (corrected imaginary part of the coherency: iCoh) subj.sess.EEG.bands: EEG frequency bands subj.sess.EEG.bands.name: name of frequency band (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma) subj.sess.EEG.bands.name.conn: vector of upper triangular of EEG connectivity subj.atlas: Atlas subj.atlas.name: name of atlas used (Desikan) subj.atlas.regions: number of regions $dataset$_$group$_particpants.tsv: Subject metadata $dataset$_$group$_spikes.mat: Interictal epileptoform discharges (IEDs) marked for each session of TLE patients aparc_aseg_yeoR7_68reg_eeg_nosubc_cmfg2dan.mat: mapping of Desikan regions to Yeo7-networks (Yeo et al. 2011, JNP) desi_coord_68.txt: MNI coordinates of region centers of the Desikan atlas For the related code to this dataset please clone: https://github.com/jwirsich/eeg-fmri-tle or use the code provided in 'eeg-fmri-tle-code.zip'

Data from: Seeking temporal refugia to heat stress: Increasing nocturnal activity despite predation risk

Flexibility in activity timing may enable organisms to quickly adapt to environmental changes. Under global warming, diurnally adapted endotherms may achieve a better energy balance by shifting their activity towards cooler nocturnal hours. However, this shift may expose animals to new or increased environmental challenges (e.g., increased predation risk, reduced foraging efficiency). We analysed a large dataset of activity data from 47 ibex (Capra ibex) in two protected areas, characterized by varying levels of predation risk (presence vs absence of the wolf – Canis lupus). We found that ibex increased nocturnal activity following warmer days and during brighter nights. Despite the considerable sexual dimorphism typical of this species and the consequent different predation-risk perception, males and females demonstrated consistent responses to heat in both predator-present and predator-absent areas. This supports the hypothesis that shifting activity towards nighttime may be a common strategy adopted by diurnal endotherms in response to global warming. As nowadays different pressures are pushing mammals towards nocturnality, our findings emphasize the urgent need to integrate knowledge of temporal behavioural modifications into management and conservation planning.

Data from: Distances and their visualization in studies of spatial-temporal genetic variation using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

Distance measures are widely used for examining genetic structure in datasets that comprise many individuals scored for a very large number of attributes. Genotype datasets composed of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) typically contain bi-allelic scores for tens of thousands if not hundreds of thousands of loci. We examine the application of distance measures to SNP genotypes and sequence tag presence-absences (SilicoDArT) and use real datasets and simulated data to illustrate pitfalls in the application of genetic distances and their visualization. The datasets used to illustrate points in the associated review are provided here together with the R script used to analyse the data. Data are either simulated internal to this script or are SNP data generated as part of other studies and included as compressed binary files readily accessable by reading into R using R base function readRDS(). Refer to the analysis script for examples.

Individual and temporal variation in movement patterns of wild alpine reindeer and implications for disease management

Animal behaviour is important for prevalence and outbreaks of infectious diseases, for instance by affecting individual interactions. Increasing the knowledge of individual movement patterns can provide better insight into disease prevalence and spread, helping to target efforts to minimise disease outbreaks. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal prion disease affecting cervids. CWD is transmitted by animal-to-animal contact and through the environment, thus individual variation in space use and social associations may influence disease transmission patterns and infection risk. CWD was detected in Norwegian alpine reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in 2016, and eradication of the infected population was implemented. A 3:1 infection rate between males and females suggests sex-specific behavioural drivers. We utilised an extensive individual-based dataset of 149 GPS-marked wild reindeer to investigate individual variation in movement patterns in terms of inter- and intra-annual home range size and site fidelity, and variation in home range overlap and distances between individuals. We aimed to identify patterns which could indicate higher potential disease risk. Females had larger annual and seasonal home ranges than males, except during calving and rut. Greater home range overlaps and shorter between-individual distances were found between same-sex individuals than different-sex individuals, except during the rut. Accordingly, the rut season stands out with greater male home ranges, greater home range overlap and shorter distances between males and between males and females, which could indicate that this season is critical for disease transmission. Measures to prevent disease spread should lower contact rates, e.g., by reducing the abundance of adult males before they mix with other groups during the rut. This can be achieved for instance by allowing earlier hunt on adult males when they are distributed in small male groups, to reduce the transmission risk and keep disturbance of other individuals low.

Diversifying in the mountains: spatio-temporal diversification of frogs in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot

Mountain ranges are hotspots of biodiversity. However, the mechanisms that generate biodiversity patterns in different mountainous regions and taxa are not apparent. The Western Ghats (WG) escarpment in India is a globally recognised biodiversity hotspot with high species richness and endemism. Most studies have either invoked paleoclimatic conditions or climatic stability in the southern WG refugium to explain this high diversity and endemism. However, the factors driving macroevolutionary change remain unexplored for most taxa. Here, we generated the most comprehensive dated phylogeny to date for ranoid frogs in the WG and tested the role of paleoclimatic events or climatic stability in influencing frog diversification. We found that the diversity of different ranoid frog clades in the WG either accumulated at a constant rate through time or underwent a decrease in speciation rates around 3–2.5 Ma during the Pleistocene glaciation cycles. We also find no significant difference in diversification rate estimates across elevational gradients and the three broad biogeographic zones in the WG (northern, central, and southern WG). However, time-for-speciation explained regional species richness within clades, wherein older lineages have more extant species diversity. Overall, we find that global paleoclimatic events have had little impact on WG frog diversification throughout most of its early history until the Quaternary and that the WG may have been climatically stable allowing lineages to accumulate and persist over evolutionary time.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Data from: environmental DNA reveals temporal variation in mesophotic reefs of the Humboldt upwelling ecosystems of central Chile: towards a baseline for biodiversity monitoring of unexplored marine habitats

Temperate mesophotic reef ecosystems (TMREs) are among the least known marine habitats. Information on their diversity and ecology is geographically and temporally scarce, especially in highly productive large upwelling ecosystems. Lack of information remains an obstacle to understanding the importance of TMREs as habitats, biodiversity reservoirs and their connections with better-studied shallow reefs. Here, we use environmental DNA (eDNA) from water samples to characterize the community composition of TMREs on the central Chilean coast generating the first baseline for monitoring the biodiversity of these habitats. We analyzed samples from two depths (30 and 60m) over four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) and at two locations approximately 16 km apart. We used a panel of three metabarcodes, two that target all eukaryotes (18S rRNA and mitochondrial COI) and one specifically targeting fishes (16S rRNA). All panels combined encompassed eDNA assigned to 42 phyla, 90 classes, 237 orders, and 402 families. The highest family richness was found for the phyla Arthropoda, Bacillariophyta and Chordata. Overall, family richness was similar between depths but decreased during summer, a pattern consistent at both locations. Our results indicate that the structure (composition) of the mesophotic communities varied predominantly with seasons. We analyzed further the better-resolved fish assemblage and compared eDNA with other visual methods at the same locations and depths. We recovered eDNA from nineteen genera of fish, six of these have also been observed on towed underwater videos, while thirteen were unique to eDNA. We discuss the potential drivers of seasonal differences in community composition and richness. Our results suggest that eDNA can provide valuable insights for monitoring TMRE communities but highlight the necessity of completing reference DNA databases available for this region.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Temporal increase in ticks and pathogen prevalence in the small mammal part of the Lyme disease cycle in northern Europe

Data and Scripts for our research article "Temporal increase in ticks and pathogen prevalence in the small mammal part of the enzootic Lyme disease cycle in northern Europe"

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Data for: Body mass mediates spatio-temporal responses of mammals to human frequentation across Italian protected areas

Protected areas (PAs) networks are a pivotal tool to fight biodiversity loss, yet they often need to balance the mission of nature conservation with the socio-economic need of giving opportunity for outdoor recreation. Recreation in natural areas is important for human health in an urbanised society, but can prompt behavioural modifications in wild animals. Rarely, however, have these responses being studied across multiple PAs and using standardized methods. We deployed a systematic camera trapping protocol at over 200 sites to sample medium and large mammals in four PAs within the European Natura 2000 network to assess their spatio-temporal responses to human frequentation, proximity to towns, amount of open habitat, and topographical variables. By applying multi-species and single-species models on the number of diurnal, crepuscular, and nocturnal detections, and a multi-species model on nocturnality index, we estimated both species-specific and meta-community level effects, finding that increased nocturnality appeared the main strategy that the mammal meta-community used to cope with human disturbance. However, responses in the diurnal, crepuscular, and nocturnal site use were mediated by species' body mass, with larger species exhibiting avoidance of humans and smaller species more opportunistic behaviours. Our results show the effectiveness of standardised sampling and provide insights for planning the expansion of PA networks as foreseen by the Kunming-Montreal biodiversity agreement.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Prediction model of the temporal dynamics of severe pest cashew Anacampsis phytomiella using artificial neural networks

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Researcher interview Jennifer Veitch on Temporal Light Modulation, MetTLM 20NRM01

In this researcher interview on the effect called temporal light modulation or TLM with Jennifer Veitch, we delve into how it affects humans, how it arose in lighting, disappeared and then reappeared, the difficulties of researching a subject that involves experts from many fields and many other aspects. The video was produced by the EMPIR project MetTLM 20NRM01, for more information on the project see the webpage http://mettlm.eu/ MetTLM 20NRM01 has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. Disclaimer: Any opinions, findings, and conclusion or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the participants and do not necessarily reflect the views of the MetTLM consortium.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

A matter of scale: Identifying the best spatial and temporal scale of environmental variables to model the distribution of a small cetacean

The importance of scale when investigating ecological patterns and processes is recognised across many species. In marine ecosystems, the processes that drive species distribution have a hierarchical structure over multiple nested spatial and temporal scales. Hence, multi-scale approaches should be considered when developing accurate distribution models to identify key habitats, particularly for populations of conservation concern. Here, we propose a modelling procedure to identify the best spatial and temporal scale for each modelled and remotely sensed oceanographic variable to model harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) distribution. Harbour porpoise sightings were recorded during dedicated line-transect aerial surveys conducted in the summer of 2016, 2021 and 2022 in the Northeast Atlantic. Binary generalised additive models were used to assess the relationships between porpoise presence and oceanographic variables at different spatial (5, 20 and 40 km) and temporal (daily, monthly and across survey period) scales. Selected variables included sea surface temperature, thermal fronts, chlorophyll-a, sea surface height, mixed layer depth and salinity. A total of 30,514 km was covered on-effort with 216 harbour porpoise sightings recorded. Overall, the best spatial scale corresponded to the coarsest resolution considered in this study (40 km), while porpoise presence showed stronger association with oceanographic variables summarised at a longer temporal scale (monthly and averaged over survey period). Habitat models including covariates at coarse spatial and temporal scales may better reflect the processes driving availability and abundance of prey resources at the large scales covered during the surveys. These findings support the hypothesis that a multi-scale approach should be applied when investigating species distribution. Identifying suitable spatial and temporal scale would improve the functional interpretation of the underlying relationships, particularly when studying how a small marine predator interacts with its environment and responds to climate and ecosystem changes.