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Fig. 2 in Use of functional traits to assess changes in stream fish assemblages across a habitat gradient

Fig. 2. Average position of species occurrence along the gradient of habitat structure (dark circles). The horizontal bars indicate the standard deviation of the mean position of each species, and the vertical bars at the bottom of the graph represent the position of each stream along the habitat gradient (axis 1 of RLQ). Species codes are presented in Table 2.

Fig. 1 in Use of functional traits to assess changes in stream fish assemblages across a habitat gradient

Fig. 1. Location of the study area in the northwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil (black area on the country map), showing the 91 streams sampled.

Fig. 3 in Use of functional traits to assess changes in stream fish assemblages across a habitat gradient

Fig. 3. Pearson correlation between the stream scores of the first RLQ axis and the original values of the environmental variables. All correlations were significant (Pearson correlation, P <0.05), except for the proportion of bedrock in the substrate (triangle).

Fig. 4 in Use of functional traits to assess changes in stream fish assemblages across a habitat gradient

Fig. 4. Functional traits significantly correlated with the first RLQ axis (Pearson correlation, P <0.005). In each graph, the first RLQ axis represents streams with banks covered by grasses and sandy bottom (less complex) and streams with banks covered by trees/shrubs and bottom with rocks/woody debris (more complex).

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FIGURE 3 in Diversity of Loricariidae (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes) assemblages in two Conservation Areas of the Middle Xingu River, Brazilian Amazon, and their suitability for sustainable ornamental fisheries

FIGURE 3 | Principal component analysis (PCA) for composition of ornamental fish species based on the method of capture (Hellinger transformation), considering the two extractive reserves.

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FIGURE 4 in Diversity of Loricariidae (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes) assemblages in two Conservation Areas of the Middle Xingu River, Brazilian Amazon, and their suitability for sustainable ornamental fisheries

FIGURE 4 | Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of fish composition in the drainages of both the Xingu and Iriri River RESEXes (Hellinger transformation). Only species names that made greatest contributions to compositional differences are shown.

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FIGURE 2 in Diversity of Loricariidae (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes) assemblages in two Conservation Areas of the Middle Xingu River, Brazilian Amazon, and their suitability for sustainable ornamental fisheries

FIGURE 2 | Venn diagram showing the compositions of the Loricariidae species found in both extractive reserves.

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Fig. 1 in Environmental constraints structuring fish assemblages in riffles: evidences from a tropical stream

Fig. 1. Biplot of the Redundancy Analysis (RDA) of the reduced environmental model with species abundance (a) and trophic composition (b) as response variable. The first two axes of the RDA explained 92.4% of the speciesenvironment relationship and 98.1% of the trait-environment relationship. Species: Aspsp - Aspidoras sp.; Cetihe - Cetopsorhamdia cf. iheringi; Impsch - Imparfinis schubarti; Phesp - Phenacorhamdia sp.; Hypsp - Hypostomus sp.; Harpun - Harttia punctata; Apamac - Apareiodon machrisi; Chazeb - Characidium zebra; Crebri - Creagrutus britskii; Knocha - Knodus cf. chapadae.

FIGURE 4 in Fish assemblage structure related to habitat heterogeneity in rocky reefs in the Mexican Pacific coast

FIGURE 4 | Non-metric multidimensional scaling for fish assemblage data for the California Current (CC) and North Equatorial Current (NEC) in the sample sites: Caleta de chon (CH), Las Gatas (LG), Manzanillo (MZ), and Zacatoso (ZC). Horizontal and vertical scatter bars represent 95% confidence interval.

FIGURE 3 in Fish assemblage structure related to habitat heterogeneity in rocky reefs in the Mexican Pacific coast

FIGURE 3 | Rarefaction curves of species richness for the California Current (CC) and North Equatorial Current (NEC) in the sampled sites: Caleta de chon (CH), Las Gatas (LG), Manzanillo (MZ), and Zacatoso (ZC). Shaded area represents 95% confidence interval.

FIGURE 2 in Fish assemblage structure related to habitat heterogeneity in rocky reefs in the Mexican Pacific coast

FIGURE 2 | Principal component analysis of (A) sea water conditions and (B) heterogeneity components in sampling sites for the California Current (CC) and North Equatorial Current (NEC). Sampled sites: Caleta de chon (CH), Las Gatas (LG), Manzanillo (MZ), and Zacatoso (ZC). Horizontal and vertical scatter bars represent 95% of confidence interval.

FIGURE 1 in Fish assemblage structure related to habitat heterogeneity in rocky reefs in the Mexican Pacific coast

FIGURE 1 | Geographic location of the Ixtapa and Zihuatanejo bays in the Pacific Coast of Mexico and sampling sites.

FIGURE 1 in Larval fish assemblages in nearshore waters of southeast Gulf of California: vertical and temporal patterns

FIGURE 1 | A. Map of the study area, nearshore waters in front of the Huizache-Caimanero estuarine system, located in the southeast Gulf of California, Sinaloa, Mexico. Sampling sites are indicated by black circles. B. Detail of the study area and sampling sites located in front of the Presidio River inlet.

FIGURE 4 in Larval fish assemblages in nearshore waters of southeast Gulf of California: vertical and temporal patterns

FIGURE 4 | Boxplots for diversity and evenness for the sampled months from September 1994 to June 1995. A. Diversity, B. Evennes. Line: median; box: 25th to 75th percentiles; whiskers: minimum to maximum value range. Differences in GLM p-values are shown by lowercase letters, different letters mean significant differences for the indexes (p-value <0.05).

FIGURE 7 in Larval fish assemblages in nearshore waters of southeast Gulf of California: vertical and temporal patterns

FIGURE 7 | Vertical distribution of the abundance of the species found in the study. Bars indicate the mean value (individuals m-3) and error bars the Standard Error.

FIGURE 3 in Larval fish assemblages in nearshore waters of southeast Gulf of California: vertical and temporal patterns

FIGURE 3 | Water temperature and salinity profiles at each sampling site, for each sampled month from September 1994 to June 1995.

FIGURE 5 in Larval fish assemblages in nearshore waters of southeast Gulf of California: vertical and temporal patterns

FIGURE 5 | Correlation triplot of the db-RDA showing the relationship between explanatory (temperature and salinity) and response variables (species). Black labels indicate the position of species in the ordination; their size increase according to the abundance of the species to achieve a better visualization. Samples are coded by depths and months. The angles between species and explanatory variables reflect their correlations; a small angle implies a positive correlation, a large one suggests a negative correlation, and a 90° angle indicates no correlation between two variables.

FIGURE 2 in Larval fish assemblages in nearshore waters of southeast Gulf of California: vertical and temporal patterns

FIGURE 2 | A. Box plots showing temporal variations in temperature and salinity during the sampling period (1994–1995). Line: median; box: 25th to 75th percentiles; whiskers: minimum to maximum value range. Months with the same letters do not significantly differ using Dunn's test. B. Monthly variability of salinity from October 2011 to August 2014, dots indicate the mean value and error bars the Standard Deviation.

FIGURE 6 in Larval fish assemblages in nearshore waters of southeast Gulf of California: vertical and temporal patterns

FIGURE 6 | Temporal and vertical variations of the abundance of the most abundant species found in the study. Dots indicate the mean value and error bars the Standard Error. SEP: September, DEC: December, Apr: April, JUN: June.