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Evidence for Elton's diversity-invasibility hypothesis from belowground
<p>Sixty year ago, Charles Elton posed that species-rich communities should be more resistant to biological invasion. However, still little is known about which processes could drive the diversity-invasibility relationship. Here we examined whether soil-microbes-mediated apparent competition on alien invaders is more negative when the soil originates from multiple native species. We trained soils with five individually grown native species, and used amplicon sequencing to analyze the resulting bacterial and fungal soil communities. We mixed the soils to create trained soils from one, two or four native species. We then grew four alien species separately on these differently trained soils. In the soil-conditioning phase, the five native species built species-specific bacterial and fungal communities in their rhizospheres. In the test phase, it did not matter for biomass of alien plants whether the soil had been trained by one or two native species. However, the alien species achieved 11.7% (95% CI: 3.7% ~ 20.1%) less aboveground biomass when grown on soils trained by four native species than on soils trained by two native species. Our results revealed soil-microbes-mediated apparent competition as a mechanism underlying the negative relationship between diversity and invasibility.</p>
Figure 25 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 25. Liljeborgia ossiani sp. nov., female, holotype, Tromsø, Skatøra, TSZCr 1188. (A) Pleon in lateral view; (B) right U1; (C) right U2; (D) peduncle of left U2; (E) right U3; (F) outer ramus of right U3.
Figure 24 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 24. Liljeborgia ossiani sp. nov., Tromsø, Skatøra, TSZCr 1188; A–F, I, female, holotype, G, female, paratype; H, sex unknown (detached appendage), paratype. (A) Left P5; (B) distal part of basis of left P5; (C) left P6; (D) distal part of basis of left P6; (E) left P7; (F) distal part of basis of left P7; (G) right P6; (H) articles 5–7 of left P7 (medial view); (I) telson.
Figure 23 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 23. Liljeborgia ossiani sp. nov., female, holotype, Tromsø, Skatøra, TSZCr 1188. (A) Left P3; (B) articles 5–7 of left P3; (C) left P4; (D) articles 5–7 of left P4.
Figure 26 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 26. Liljeborgia ossiani sp. nov., female, paratype, Finnmark, R/V Johan Ruud sta. 301–05, TSCZCr 13999. (A) Articles 5–7 of left P3; (B) left P5; (C) articles 6 and 7 of left P5; (D) left P6; (E) articles 6 and 7 of left P6; (F) left P7; (G) articles 6 and 7 of left P7.
Figure 20 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 20. Liljeborgia ossiani sp. nov., female, holotype, Tromsø, Skatøra, TSZCr 1188. (A) Head and antennae; (B) anterior part of head with epistome and mandible; (C) right Md; (D) distal part of right Md; (E) distal part of left Md; (F) left Mx1; (G) right Mx1.
Figure 17 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 17. Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858), female, Barents Sea, cruise Barentshavet 02, sta. 382, TSZCr 12392. (A) Left P3; (B) articles 5–7 of left P3; (C) left P4; (D) articles 5–7 of left P4.
Figure 22 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 22. Liljeborgia ossiani sp. nov., Tromsø, Skatøra, TSZCr 1188; A–D, female, holotype, E, F, male, paratype. (A) Left coxa 1; (B) left Gn1; (C) left coxa 2; (D) left Gn2; (E) left Gn1; (F) left Gn2.
Figure 19 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 19. Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858), females; A–F, Barents Sea, cruise Barentshavet 02, sta. 382, TSZCr 12392; (A) Pleonites 1–3; (B) urosome in lateral view; (C) pleon in dorsal view; (D) left U3.
Figure 16 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 16. Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858), A–E, female, Barents Sea, cruise Barentshavet 02, sta. 382, TSZCr 12392; F, G, male, BH425, TSZCr 12424. (A) Left Gn1; (B) margin of palm of left Gn1 (detail); (C) dactylus of left Gn1; (D) left Gn2; (E) dactylus of left Gn2; (F) chela of left Gn1; (G) chela of left Gn2.
Figure 21 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 21. Liljeborgia ossiani sp. nov., female, holotype, Tromsø, Skatøra, TSZCr 1188. (A) Mxp; (B) right outer plate of Mxp; (C) left inner plate of Mxp; (D) distal part of left inner plate (only insertion of setae indicated).
Figure 18 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 18. Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858), females; A–F, Barents Sea, cruise Barentshavet 02, sta. 382, TSZCr 12392; G, Svalbard, R/V Jan Mayen, st. 196, TSZCr 12536. (A) Left P5; (B) posterodistal corner of basis of left P5; (C) left P6; (D) posterodistal corner of basis of left P6; (E) left P7; (F) posterodistal corner of basis of left P7; (G) right pleopod 1; (H) coupling hooks of right pleopod 1; (I) telson.
Figure 15 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 15. Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858), female, Barents Sea, cruise Barentshavet 02, sta. 382, TSZCr 12392. (A) Mxp; (B) dorsal side of inner plates of Mxp (setae indicated by their surface of insertion); (C) ventral side of right inner plate of Mxp.
Figure 14 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 14. Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858), female, Barents Sea, cruise Barentshavet 02, sta. 382, TSZCr 12392. (A) Head and cephalic appendages in lateral view; (B) rostrum and cephalic appendages in dorsal view; (C) lower lip; (D) left Md; (E) right Md; (F) lacinia mobilis of left Md; (G) lacinia mobilis of right Md; (H) left Mx1; (I) left Mx2.
Figure 13 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 13. Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858), male, Barents Sea, cruise Barentshavet 02, sta. 425, TSZCr 12424, habitus.
Figure 12 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 12. Liljeborgia charybdis sp. nov., female, holotype, Norwegian Sea, R/V Ak. Mstislav Keldysh, cruise 33, sta. 3318, TSZCr 10180. (A) Pleon in lateral view; (B) left U1; (C) peduncle of right U1; (D) left U2; (E) right U3.
Figure 8 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 8. Liljeborgia charybdis sp. nov., female, holotype, Norwegian Sea, R/V Ak. Mstislav Keldysh, cruise 33, sta. 3318, TSZCr 10180. (A) Mxp; (B) right outer plate of Mxp; (C) inner plate.
Figure 11 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 11. Liljeborgia charybdis sp. nov., female, holotype, Norwegian Sea, R/V Ak. Mstislav Keldysh, cruise 33, sta. 3318, TSZCr 10180. (A) Left P5; (B) distal part of basis of left P5; (C) articles 6 and 7 of left P5; (D) left P6; (E) distal part of basis of left P6; (F) articles 6 and 7 of left P6; (G) right P7; (H) distal part of basis of right P7; (I) articles 5–7 of left P7; (J) telson.
Figure 7 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 7. Liljeborgia charybdis sp. nov., female, holotype, Norwegian Sea, R/V Ak. Mstislav Keldysh, cruise 33, sta. 3318, TSZCr 10180. (A) Head, antennae and anterior part of thorax; (B) anterior part of head and epistome; (C) lower lip; (D) left Md; (E) tip of left Md; (F) tip of right Md; (G) left Mx1; (H) left Mx2.
Figure 5 in On Liljeborgia fissicornis (M. Sars, 1858) and three related new species from Scandinavia, with a hypothesis on the origin of the group fissicornis
Figure 5. Liljeborgia caliginis sp. nov., female, holotype, Svalbard, R/V Jan Mayen sta. 807–97, TSZCr 10408. (A) Left P5; (B) distal part of basis of left P5; (C) left P6; (D) distal part of basis of left P6; (E) left P7; (F) distal part of basis of left P7; (G) telson.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.