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799 results for “island endemism”
Projected climate change threatens significant range contraction of Cochemiea halei (Cactaceae), an island endemic, serpentine adapted plant species at risk of extinction
<p>Threats faced by narrowly distributed endemic plant species in the face of the Earth's sixth mass extinction and climate change exposure are especially severe for taxa on islands. We investigated the current and projected distribution and range changes of Cochemiea halei, an island endemic cactus. This taxon is of conservation concern, currently listed as vulnerable on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List and as a species of special concern under Mexican federal law.</p> <p>The goals of this study are to 1). identify the correlations between climate variables and current suitable habitat for C. halei; 2). determine if the species is a serpentine endemic or has a facultative relationship with ultramafic soils; 3). predict range changes of the species based on climate change scenarios.</p> <p>Location: The island archipelago in Bahía Magdalena on the Pacific coast, Baja California Sur, Mexico.</p> <p>Main conclusions: The occurrence of the species is found to be strongly correlated with ultramafic soils. The most important climate predictor for habitat suitability is annual temperature range. The species is predicted to undergo range contractions from 21% to 53%, depending on the severity and duration of exposure to climate change. The broader implications for a wide range of narrowly adapted, threatened and endemic plant species indicate an urgent need for threat assessment based on habitat suitability and climate change modeling.</p>
Fig. 5 in Taxonomy of the Cape Verde endemic weevil genus Dinas (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae). Part I: Description of a new subgenus, and two new species from São Nicolau Island
Fig. 5. The map of Cape Verde Islands: A – distribution of Dinas in the Cape Verde Islands: white square – Dinas (s. str.); black circle – northern linage of Dinas (Microspina); and black square – southern lineage of Dinas (Microspina). B – distribution of Dinas in São Nicolau: white square – Dinas (s. str.) strakai sp. nov.; white circle – Dinas (Microspina) afonsoi sp. nov.; black and white circle – Dinas (Microspina) angusticeps Roudier, 1957; and black circle – Dinas (Microspina) sitonaeformis Wollaston, 1867.
Fig. 1 in Taxonomy of the Cape Verde endemic weevil genus Dinas (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae). Part I: Description of a new subgenus, and two new species from São Nicolau Island
Fig. 1. Tergit VIII in males of Entiminae:A – Dinas (Microspina) afonsoi sp. nov. and B – Dinas (s.str.) strakai sp. nov. with tongue-like process; C – Barypeithes interpositus Roubal, 1920 without tongue-like process. Scale: 1 mm.
Fig. 6 in Taxonomy of the Cape Verde endemic weevil genus Dinas (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae). Part I: Description of a new subgenus, and two new species from São Nicolau Island
Fig. 6. Habitat of Dinas species: Summit of Tope de Chuva, São Nicolau – the type locality of Dinas (s. str.) strakai sp. nov. and Dinas (Microspina) afonsoi sp. nov.
Fig. 7 in Taxonomy of the Cape Verde endemic weevil genus Dinas (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae). Part I: Description of a new subgenus, and two new species from São Nicolau Island
Fig. 7. Habitats and biology of Dinas species: A–C – Dinas (Microspina) afonsoi sp. nov. on flowers of Euphorbia tuckeyana; D – Dinas sitonaeformis Wollaston, 1867 on twig of Periploca laevigata chevalieri in Chã de Caldeira; E – grassy slopes of Chã de Caldeira, São Nicolau with scattered Periploca laevigata chevalieri – locality of Dinas sitonaeformis. (Photos by Jakub Straka).
FIGURE 1. Glomeremus orchidophilus n in Glomeremus species from the Mascarene islands (Orthoptera, Gryllacrididae) with the description of the pollinator of an endemic orchid from the island of Réunion
FIGURE 1. Glomeremus orchidophilus n. sp. Male paratype. Right side view. Bar: 10 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Begonia benitotanii (section Petermannia, Begoniaceae) a new species endemic to the Philippine island of Bucas Grande
FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Begonia benitotanii (star) in Bucas Grande Island.
FIGURE 3. A in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
FIGURE 3. A, Dorsal view and B, ventral views of the skull of the holotype of Synemporion keana (BPBM 159269) compared with C, dorsal and D, ventral views of the skull of Lasiurus cinereus semotus (BPBM 184506). Note that the rostrum of Synemporion is narrower than that of Lasiurus, and that Synemporion also lacks a sagittal crest.
FIGURE 2 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
FIGURE 2. Lateral views of the skull and left dentary of A, the holotype of Synemporion keana (BPBM 159269) compared with B, Lasiurus cinereus semotus (BPBM 184506). Note the difference in the rostral profile between the two species, including the more robust lower jaw dentition in Lasiurus compared with Synemporion.
FIG. 3. The tree resulting from a in Three New Species of Musseromys (Muridae, Rodentia), the Endemic Philippine Tree Mouse from Luzon Island
FIG. 3. The tree resulting from a maximum-likelihood analysis of the cytochrome b gene from Phloeomys Division species under the best-fitting model (GTR+I+Γ4). Numbers at nodes indicate maximum-likelihood (above the line) bootstrap support. Terminal taxa are identified by species name and a unique alphanumeric identifier (either FMNH catalog number or Genbank accession number). Trees are rooted with Rattus norvegicus (Genbank number X14848) and with three species of gerbil: Meriones unguiculatus (AF119264), Gerbillus nigeriae (AJ430555), and Gerbilliscus guineae (AJ430562) as outgroups (not shown). Black and gray branches indicate elevational range reconstructed using parsimony optimization (see Molecular Genetic Methods), where black and grey indicate lowland and montane distributions, respectively.
Breeding and feeding habitat selection by an island endemic bird may increase its vulnerability to climate change
<p>Characterising patterns of habitat use is an important first step for effective conservation planning. Species restricted to low-lying islands are at greatest risk from climate change-related sea level rise, and requirements for breeding and foraging habitat may determine their risk from tidal inundation. The endangered Micronesian Scrubfowl (<i>Megapodius laperouse senex</i>) is a model species for understanding these impacts. This species faces the cumulative challenges of tourist visitation, invasive species, and rising sea levels, yet little is understood about its habitat use in the Rock Islands Southern Lagoon Conservation Area (RISL) of Palau. We studied the habitat requirements of this mound-nesting scrubfowl as a representative of a group of birds considered highly vulnerable to climate change. Analysis of 15 habitat variables at 24 incubation mounds and 26 randomly chosen sites indicated that scrubfowl selected incubation sites that were close to shore, contained large trees, and exhibited greater canopy heights than the surrounding forest. Birds preferentially built mounds at the base of large ironwood trees (<i>Casuarina</i> <i>equisetifolia</i>) but selected sites with significantly more breadfruit trees (<i>Artocarpus mariannensis</i>) than random. Scrubfowl foraged in a non-preferential manner, making use of all littoral strand forest habitat. Direct anthropogenic habitat loss is not a major threat to scrubfowl in the RISL but their breeding habitat is highly vulnerable to climate change-driven sea level rise.</p>
Figure 2 from: Knapp S, Vorontsova M (2013) From introduced American weed to Cape Verde Islands endemic: the case of Solanum rigidum Lam. (Solanaceae, Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum). PhytoKeys 25: 35-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.25.4692
Figure 2 - Solanum rigidum. A habit with dense prickles and small deeply lobed leaves B habit with sparse prickles and larger more shallowly lobed leaves C inflorescence with a single lowermost hermaphroditic long-styled flower at the base D inflorescence with distal functionally male short-styled flowers E immature fruit and fruiting calyx with attenuate calyx lobe tips F seed G stellate trichome from the stem H, I stellate trichomes from the lower surface of the leaf. A, C, G–I drawn from Martins et al 468 B, F drawn from Barbosa & Silva 14072 D, E drawn from photographs of MC Duarte. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith.
Figure 4 from: Knapp S, Vorontsova M (2013) From introduced American weed to Cape Verde Islands endemic: the case of Solanum rigidum Lam. (Solanaceae, Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum). PhytoKeys 25: 35-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.25.4692
Figure 4 - Distribution map of Solanum rigidum. A global distribution in the Caribbean and the Cape Verdes B distribution on Antigua and Barbados C distribution on the Cape Verde Islands. Prepared by Paweł Ficinski.
Figure 3 from: Knapp S, Vorontsova M (2013) From introduced American weed to Cape Verde Islands endemic: the case of Solanum rigidum Lam. (Solanaceae, Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum). PhytoKeys 25: 35-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.25.4692
Figure 3 - Solanum rigidum on the Cape Verde Islands. A immature fruit with upturned sepal lobes, B functionally staminate flower with copious interpetalar tissue. Photographs courtesy of MC Duarte.
Figure 6 from: Wagner W, Clark J, Lorence D (2014) Revision of endemic Marquesas Islands Bidens (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae). PhytoKeys 38: 37-67. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.7609
Figure 6 - Bidens woodii W.L. Wagner, J.R. Clark & Lorence A Habit B Head showing involucral bracts, pales and achene tips C Pale D Ray corolla E Disk floret (without ovary) F Disk corolla longitudinal section G Achene. Drawn from Wood & Perlman 10806 (holotype, US).
Figure 8 from: Wagner W, Clark J, Lorence D (2014) Revision of endemic Marquesas Islands Bidens (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae). PhytoKeys 38: 37-67. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.7609
Figure 8 - Bidens evapelliana W.L. Wagner, J.R. Clark & Lorence A Habit B Head post-flowering showing involucral bracts and apex of achenes C Young head showing immature rays and involucral bracts D Disk corolla E Disk corolla longitudinal section F Achene G Inset showing achene surface. Drawn from Perlman 10166 (PTBG) [A], Perlman 19665 (isotype, US) [B], and Florence & Perlman 9590 (US) [C–G].
Figure 5 from: Wagner W, Clark J, Lorence D (2014) Revision of endemic Marquesas Islands Bidens (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae). PhytoKeys 38: 37-67. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.7609
Figure 5 - Bidens microcephala W.L. Wagner, J.R. Clark & Lorence A Distal part of plant B Compound leaf C Head showing bracts and disk florets D Outer Involucral bracts and peduncle E Outer involucral bract showing basal gibosity F Pale G Inner involucral bract H Disk floret I Achene J Inset showing achene surface. Drawn from Perlman 18444 (PTBG) [A, C, D, G and H], Perlman 18416 (unmounted) [B], pickled material of PTBG cult. 950676 (from Perlman & Wood 14996) [E, I and J], and Wood 10103 [F].
Figure 4 from: Wagner W, Clark J, Lorence D (2014) Revision of endemic Marquesas Islands Bidens (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae). PhytoKeys 38: 37-67. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.7609
Figure 4 - Bidens uapensis (F. Brown) Sherff A Distal part of plant B Leaf surface (underside) C Head showing rays and disk florets D Head with ray florets removed to show involucral bracts E–F Ray florets, showing variation G–H Disk florets, showing variation. Drawn from Dunn 241 (US) [A–E, G], Perlman & Wood 19083 US [F, H].
Figure 3 from: Wagner W, Clark J, Lorence D (2014) Revision of endemic Marquesas Islands Bidens (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae). PhytoKeys 38: 37-67. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.7609
Figure 3 - Bidens beckiana (F. Br.) Sherff (A–B). A Distal part of plant B Head post-flowering showing involucral bracts and apex of achenes. Drawn from Florence 9368 (US) [A] and Perlman 10064 (US) [B]. Bidens cordifolia Sch. Bip. (C–D). C Distal part of plant D Head post-flowering showing involucral bracts. Drawn from Wood & Perlman 4600 (US). Bidens polycephala Sch. Bip. (E–F). E Distal part of plant F Head post-flowering showing involucral bracts and apex of achenes. Drawn from Perlman 15878 (US). Image from field shots used to augment illustration of Wood 10504.
Figure 7 from: Wagner W, Clark J, Lorence D (2014) Revision of endemic Marquesas Islands Bidens (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae). PhytoKeys 38: 37-67. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.7609
Figure 7 - Bidens evapelliana W.L. Wagner, J.R. Clark & Lorence A Habit B Young head showing pre-flowering florets C Head showing ray and disk florets D Ray corolla E Disk corolla F Achene. Drawn from Perlman 19665 (isotype, US) and field images of collection [A, B], and Florence & Perlman 9590 (US) [C–F].
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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