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4,107 results for “pointing”
Topological engineering of terahertz light using electrically tuneable exceptional point singularities
<p>Dataset and codes for the manuscript "Topological engineering of terahertz light using electrically tuneable exceptional point singularities".</p>
Understanding complex spatial dynamics from mechanistic models through spatio-temporal point processes
<p>Landscape heterogeneity affects population dynamics, which determine species persistence, diversity and interactions. These relationships can be accurately represented by advanced spatially-explicit models (SEMs) allowing for high levels of detail and precision. However, such approaches are characterised by high computational complexity, high amount of data and memory requirements, and spatio-temporal outputs may be difficult to analyse. A possibility to deal with this complexity is to aggregate outputs over time or space, but then interesting information may be masked and lost, such as local spatio-temporal relationships or patterns. An alternative solution is given by meta-models and meta-analysis, where simplified mathematical relationships are used to structure and summarise the complex transformations from inputs to outputs. Here, we propose an original approach to analyse SEM outputs. By developing a meta-modelling approach based on spatio-temporal point processes (STPPs), we characterise spatio-temporal population dynamics and landscape heterogeneity relationships in agricultural contexts. A landscape generator and a spatially-explicit population model simulate hierarchically the pest-predator dynamics of codling moth and ground beetles in apple orchards over heterogeneous agricultural landscapes. Spatio-temporally explicit outputs are simplified to marked point patterns of key events, such as local proliferation or introduction events. Then, we construct and estimate regression equations for multi-type STPPs composed of event occurrence intensity and magnitudes. Results provide local insights into spatio-temporal dynamics of pest-predator systems. We are able to differentiate the contributions of different driver categories ( i.e., spatio-temporal, spatial, population dynamics). We highlight changes in the effects on occurrence intensity and magnitude when considering drivers at global or local scale. This approach leads to novel findings in agroecology where, for example, we show that the organisation of cultivated patches and semi-natural elements play different roles for pest regulation depending on the scale considered. It aids to formulate guidelines for biological control strategies at global and local scale.</p>
Submitted Completed pointings to the Gravitational Wave Treasure Map for event TEST_EVENT
Attached in a .json file is the completed pointing information for 1 observation(s) for the EM counterpart search associated with the gravitational wave event TEST_EVENT. These observations were taken on the DLT40 instrument.
Submitted Completed pointings to the Gravitational Wave Treasure Map for event TEST_EVENT
Attached in a .json file is the completed pointing information for 1 observation(s) for the EM counterpart search associated with the gravitational wave event TEST_EVENT. These observations were taken on the DLT40 instrument.
Submitted Completed pointings to the Gravitational Wave Treasure Map for event TEST_EVENT
Attached in a .json file is the completed pointing information for 2 observation(s) for the EM counterpart search associated with the gravitational wave event TEST_EVENT. These observations were taken on the DLT40 instrument.
Host identity matters – up to a point: the community context of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis transmission
<p>The level of detail on host communities needed to understand multi-host parasite invasions is an unresolved issue in disease ecology. Coarse community metrics that ignore functional differences between hosts, like host species richness, can be good predictors of invasion outcomes. Yet, if host species vary in the extent to which they maintain and transmit infections, then explicitly accounting for those differences may be important. Through controlled mesocosm experiments and modelling, we show that interspecific differences between host species are important for community-wide infection dynamics of the multi-host fungal parasite of amphibians, <em>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd)</em>, but only up to a point. The most abundant host species in our system, fire salamander larvae (<em>Salamandra salamandra</em>), did not maintain or transmit infections. Rather, two less abundant 'auxiliary' host species, Iberian tree frog (<em>Hyla molleri</em>) and spiny toad (<em>Bufo spinosus</em>)<em> </em>larvae, maintained and transmitted <em>Bd</em>. Frogs had the highest mean rates of <em>Bd</em> shedding, giving them the highest contributions to R<sub>0</sub>. Toad contributions to R<sub>0</sub> were substantial however, and when examining community-level patterns of infection and transmission, the effects of frogs and toads were similar. Specifying more than just host species richness to distinguish salamanders from auxiliary host species was critical for predicting community-level <em>Bd</em> prevalence and transmission. Distinguishing frogs from toads, however, did not improve predictions. These findings demonstrate limitations to the importance of host species identities in multi-host infection dynamics. Host species that exhibit different functional traits, like susceptibility and infectiousness, may play similar epidemiological roles in the broader community.</p>
Bifurcation points for tropical cyclone genesis in sheared and dry environments - simulation data
<p>Key information to reproduce the idealized WRF ensemble simulations used for tropical cyclone genesis </p>
Vantage-point search (vpsearch) dataset and index
<p>This is a dataset for use with the <a href="https://github.com/enthought/vpsearch">vpsearch</a> tool.</p> <p>This dataset contains the following files:</p> <ol> <li>A compressed sequence file, bac120_ssu_reps_r207-sliced-dedup.fa.gz, which was obtained from the <a href="https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/">GTDB</a> dataset of bacterial sequences (v207) by extracting the v3-v4 hypervariable region and removing duplicate sequences.</li> <li>A vantage-point tree, built with version 0.1.2 of the vpsearch software. Note: the vantage-point tree needs to be decompressed (tar xzvf bac120_ssu_reps_r207-sliced-dedup.db.tar.gz) before it can be used for querying.</li> <li>A sample query file, query.fa, containing the sequence NR_126253.1 from RefSeq.</li> </ol> <p>The scripts used to prepare the dataset can be found in the <a href="https://github.com/enthought/vpsearch">vpsearch</a> GitHub repository. Also included in the repository is a description of how the primary data was obtained.</p>
Fine intervals are required when using point intercept transects to assess coral reef status
The Point Intercept Transect (PIT) method has commonly been used in recent decades for estimating the status of coral reef benthic communities. It is a simple method that is efficiently performed underwater, as benthic components are recorded only as presence or absence at specific interval points along transects. Therefore, PIT is also popular in citizen science activities such as Reef Check programs. Longer intervals are commonly associated with longer transects, yet sampling interval length can significantly influence benthic coverage calculations. Despite this, the relative accuracy of longer or shorter intervals related to transect length has not been tested for PIT. In this study, we tested the optimum intervals of PIT for several commonly used transect lengths using the bootstrap method on empirical data collected on tropical coral reefs and non-reefal coral communities. Our results recommend fine intervals of 10 cm or shorter, depending on the length of the transect, to increase the accuracy of estimating benthic community status on coral reefs. Permanent transects should also be considered in long-term monitoring programs to improve data quality.
Combining point counts and autonomous recording units improves avian survey efficacy across elevational gradients on two continents
<p>Accurate biodiversity and population monitoring is a requirement for effective conservation decision-making. Survey method bias is therefore a concern, particularly when research programs face logistical and cost limitations.</p> <p>We employed point counts (PCs) and autonomous recording units (ARUs) to survey avian biodiversity within comparable, high elevation, temperate mountain habitats at opposite ends of the Americas: 9 mountains in British Columbia (BC), Canada and 10 in southern Chile. We compared detected species richness against multi-year species inventories and examined method-specific detection probability by family. By incorporating time costs, we assessed the performance and efficiency of single vs. combined methods.</p> <p>Species accumulation curves indicate ARUs can capture ~93% of species present in BC but only ~58% in Chile, despite Chilean mountain communities being less diverse. The avian community, rather than landscape composition, appears to drive this dramatic difference. Chilean communities contain less-vocal species, which ARUs missed. Further, 6/13 families in BC were better detected by ARUs while 11/11 families in Chile were better detected by PCs. Where survey conditions differentially impacted method performance, PCs mostly varied over the morning and with canopy cover in BC, while ARUs mostly varied seasonally in Chile. Within a single year of monitoring, neither method alone was predicted to capture the full avian community, with the exception of ARUs in the alpine and subalpine of BC. PCs contributed little to detected diversity in BC, but including this method resulted in negligible increases in total time costs. Combining PCs with ARUs in Chile significantly increased species detections, again, for little cost.</p> <p>Combined methods were among the most efficient and accurate approaches to capturing diversity. We recommend conducting point counts while ARUs are being deployed and retrieved in order to capture additional diversity with minimal additional effort and to flag methodological biases using a comparative framework.</p>
Specimen alignment with limited point-based homology: 3D morphometrics of disparate bivalve shells (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
<p>Supplemental data and code for Edie, Collins, and Jablonski, Specimen alignment with limited point-based homology: 3D morphometrics of disparate bivalve shells (Mollusca: Bivalvia).</p>
Locations of GPS-collared moose and geographic correlates, as well as for random points within study area
<p>Moose are among the many species that are vulnerable to both direcdt and indirect effects of climate change. Habitat selection is one framework to assist investigators in disentangling the various factors (including weather) that ultimately dictate how animals respond to their environment. We investigated patterns of winter habitat selecdtion by adult female moose in southerwestern MOntana, USA, during 2007-2010, and how that selection was affected by snow (quantified by snow water equivalent) and winter temperatures. We used data from GPS colalrs and a suite of environmental covariates to quantify winter habitat selection at both study area (2nd order) and home range (3rd order) spatial scales using resource selection functions. Moose strongly select for the willow (<em>Salix</em> spp.) cover type, and against grassland cover. Moose use of conifer cover at the home range scale increased when either amount of snow or ambient temperature was higher, altough the latter only during periods of the day when conifer pathces were likely to have been cooler than cover types lacking a canopy. Wildlife conservatoin and management naturally focuses on preferred habitats, particularly those that fulfill essentially all forgaing requirements. However, habitats used preferentially under stresful weather conditions, even if used rarely overall, can also form a critical part of a species' overall needs.,</p>
Digital Twin Technologies Towards Understanding the Interactions between Transportation and other Civil Infrastructure Systems: LIDAR Point Cloud of a Portion of UTEP Campus
<p>This Autodesk ReCap file is a combination of numerous individual LiDAR scans captured using a Leica Terrestial LiDAR system. The scan includes some black and white and some color scans. The area of campus generally focuses on the southwestern portion of campus including the Interdisciplinary Research Building, the Mining Minds roundabout, the Sun Bowl 2 Parking Lot, the University Bookstore, and the Sun Bowl Parking Garage, and roads including University Ave. and Sun Bowl Drive.</p>
Active season body mass patterns of Little Brown Bats and Northern Myotis: Raw and fitted mass values, environmental conditions and inflection point estimates
<p><span>Animals are expected to adjust their behavioural patterns to improve fitness outcomes, such as fecundity or offspring survival. For long-lived hibernators, decisions made in each annual cycle may reflect considerations not just for concurrent survival and reproduction, but also the pressure to maximize overwinter survival and future reproductive success. We examined how these elements manifest themselves in the body mass variation patterns of North American northern latitude temperate bats, whose size and roosting habits present considerable monitoring challenges. We characterized and compared the summer and fall mass variation patterns of little brown myotis (<em>Myotis lucifugus</em>) and northern myotis (<em>M. septentrionalis</em></span><span>) from a historic dataset. In summer, the estimated date of parturition was strongly associated with spring foraging conditions (low wind, low precipitation, warm temperatures), and mass gain associated with female reproduction conferred considerable differentiation between the mass variation patterns of females and males. In fall, differences were most apparent among species, although adults exhibited a greater capacity for rapid mass gain than juveniles. These results demonstrate how reproductive constraints and interannual survival have important influences on the behaviour of temperate bats. Future work should seek to quantify the fitness benefits of patterns identified in this study, such as the rate of prehibernation mass gain.</span></p>
Correlated k coefficients for H2-He atmospheres; 622 spectral windows and 1460 pressure-temperature points
<p>There are 10 correlated k-coefficients datasets, using the naming convention sonora_2020_fehxxxx_co_yyy.data.622.tar.gz (5 models) or sonora_2020_fehxxxx_co_yyy_noTiOVO.data.622.tar.gz (5 models), where xxxx is the metallicity in 10x dex relative to solar, and yyy is the 100x C/O ratio relative to solar, as a multiplication factor. For example a metallicity of +000 and a C/O ratio of 100 indicates solar abundances, feh+070 should be read as a metallicity of +0.7 dex, feh-100 as -1.0 dex, co_100 should be read as 1x C/O relative to solar. We use the Lodders et al. 2010 value for the solar C/O=0.458. The files with “noTiOVO” in the filename contain the correlated k-coefficients calculated without the opacity of TiO and VO. The rest of the molecular abundances and opacities are the same as the equilibrium chemistry values in the regular files. These files are useful for calculating models without any TiO- and VO-induced temperature inversion in the atmosphere.</p> <p>The correlated-k coefficients are calculated using pre-mixed opacities, with abundances given by equilibrium chemistry for each metallicity-C/O combination, as described in Marley et al. 2021. There are 5 Fe/H values: 0.0, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, and -0.3; and 1 C/O value: 1.0x solar. The k-coefficients are calculated for a grid of 1460 pressure-temperature points, from10^−6 to 3000 bar and from 75 to 4000 K, listed in the file 1460_layer_list, and can be read in using the IDL script read_k_coefficients.pro. The spectral windows are listed in the file 622_windows.txt (intervals defined as starting at lambda1 and ending at lambda2).</p> <p>The opacity sources included in the calculations are: C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, CH4, CO, CO2, CrH, Fe, FeH, H2, H3+, H2O, H2S, HCN, LiCl, LiF, LiH, MgH, N2, NH3, OCS, PH3, SiO, TiO, and VO, in addition to alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs). The corresponding high resolution opacities for these atoms and molecules can be found in the Zenodo repository 10.5281/zenodo.6600976. The references for the line lists used in these opacity calculations are listed in the file Opacity_references_2021.pdf. Please include these references, as well as the reference to this Zenodo repository when publishing your paper.</p> <p>Each dataset contains the following files:</p> <p>ascii_data: the correlated k coefficients file in ascii format. This can be read by the included IDL code.</p> <p>binary_data: the correlated k coefficients file in binary format</p> <p>full_abunds: the relative abundances for all the species from the chemistry files, on the 1460-point pressure-temperature grid</p> <p>sum_in_atoms: relative abundances for the alkali metals</p> <p>sum_in_layer: relative abundances for all molecules included in the correlated k-coefficients calculations</p> <p><em>Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center.</em></p>
Data from: Influence of different data cleaning solutions of point-occurrence records on downstream macroecological diversity models
<p><span>Digital point-occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and other data providers enable a wide range of research in macroecology and biogeography. However, data errors may hamper immediate use. Manual data cleaning is time-consuming and often unfeasible, given that the databases may contain thousands or millions of records. Automated data cleaning pipelines are therefore of high importance. This study examined the extent to which cleaned data from six pipelines using data cleaning tools (e.g., the GBIF web application, different R packages) affect downstream species distribution models. In addition, we assessed how the pipeline data differ from expert data. From 13,889 North American <i>Ephedra</i> observations in GBIF, the pipelines removed 31.7% to 62.7% false-positives, invalid coordinates, and duplicates, leading to data sets that included between 9,484 (GBIF application) and 5,196 records (manual-guided filtering). The expert data consisted of 703 thoroughly handpicked records, comparable to data from field studies. Although differences in the record numbers were relatively large, stacked species distribution models (sSDM) from the pipelines and the expert data were strongly related (mean Pearson's <i>r</i> across the pipelines: 0.9986, versus the expert data: 0.9173). The ever-stronger correlations resulted from occurrence information that became increasingly condensed in the course of the workflow (from individual occurrences to collectivized occurrences in grid cells to predicted probabilities in the sSDMs). In sum, our results suggest that the <i>R</i> package-based pipelines reliably identified invalid coordinates. In contrast, the GBIF-filtered data still contained both spatial and taxonomic errors. However, major drawbacks emerge from the fact that no pipeline fully discovered misidentified specimens without the assistance of expert taxonomic knowledge. We conclude that application-filtered GBIF data will still need additional review to achieve higher spatial data quality. Achieving high-quality taxonomic data will require extra effort, probably by thoroughly analyzing the data for misidentified taxa, supported by experts.</span></p>
Some original, intermediate, and result data in the papar entited "Highway marking extraction and degradation analysis by using MLS point clouds"
<p>Some original, intermediate, and result data in the papar entited "Highway marking extraction and degradation analysis by using MLS point clouds"</p>
Data from "Projections of leaf turgor loss point shifts under future climate change scenarios" (Tordoni et al. 2022 Global Change Biology)
<p>The dataset includes four sheets representing the average turgor loss point (tlp) values at grid cell level (tlp_data) and the climatic variables and related climate change scenarios derived from the three models used in this study (HadGEM2-ES-RACMO22E, EC-EARTH_RACMO22E, EC-EARTH_CCLM4-8-17, respectively).</p> <p>The sheet "tlp_data" reports the cell ID (OGU) and the average tlp values for each taxonomic group considered in this study (gymnosperms, angiosperms, herbaceous and woody angiosperms). </p> <p>Each of the other three sheets reports the cell ID (OGU), coordinates of the cell centroid (Long, Lat) and a set of six climatic variables: 95<sup>th</sup> percentiles of average temperature (BIO1.95, °C), temperature seasonality (BIO4, °C), annual consecutive frost days where temperature was ≤ 0 °C (CFD.ann, n° days), annual consecutive dry days where precipitation was < 1 mm (CDD.ann, n° days), 5<sup>th</sup> percentiles of cumulate annual precipitation (BIO12.5, mm), and precipitation seasonality (BIO15, %). For each model, "hist" refers to historical data encompassing the period 1970-2005, whereas "RCP2.6" and "RCP8.5" reports the average value of future projections for the period 2080-2100 in two representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5).</p> <p> </p>
Data for "Estimation of Return Stroke Velocity by Time Reversal Reconstruction of Channel Feature Points"
<p>In the manuscript entitled “Estimation of Return Stroke Velocity by Time Reversal Reconstruction of Channel Feature Points”, station coordinates of the location system, simulation data, and experimental data can be obtained through the following attachment. These files can be opened by Matlab 2018(or later). The data supports the aforementioned manuscript and can be used freely for scientific purposes with appropriate citations.</p> <p> </p> <p>'IniationParameters_center.mat' is the coordinates of LFLLS stations and strike point (simulation).</p> <p>a) simulation_strike_point: coordinates of the return point (simulation).</p> <p>b) x0, y0, and z0: coordinates of LFLLS stations in x, y, and z directions.</p> <p> </p> <p>1. Simulation data (EE_zd: E-field waveforms (Unit V/m); Ee_zd: Electrostatic component of the E-field waveforms (Unit V/m); Ei_zd: Induction component of the E-field waveforms (Unit V/m); Er_zd: Radiation component of the E-field waveforms (Unit V/m); T: times corresponding to the E-field waveforms; vv: RS velocity condition; tort_x, tort_y, and tort_z: Coordinates of segmented channels).</p> <p>'Simulation_Vertical_channel_Ez_V1.mat' is the vertical channel E-field waveforms calculated under the RS velocity condition V1.</p> <p>'Simulation_Vertical_channel_Ez_V2.mat' is the vertical channel E-field waveforms calculated under the RS velocity condition V2.</p> <p>'Simulation_Vertical_channel_Ez_V3.mat' is the vertical channel E-field waveforms calculated under the RS velocity condition V3.</p> <p>'Simulation_Inclined_channel_Ez.mat' is the inclined channel E-field waveforms calculated under the RS velocity condition V1.</p> <p>'Simulation_Tortuous(randomly)_channel_Ez.mat' is the tortuous channel (randomly) E-field waveforms calculated under the condition of RS velocity constant.</p> <p>'Simulation_Tortuous_channel_Ez.mat' is the tortuous channel E-field waveforms calculated under the RS velocity condition V1.</p> <p> </p> <p>2. Experimental data</p> <p>'2020-08-09-002418-905.5ms(0.4)-siteidx(12346).mat' is the E-field original waveforms of -CG002418.RS2.</p> <p>a) wave: E-field original waveforms of -CG002418.RS2 (D.U.).</p> <p>b) time: times corresponding to the E-field waveforms.</p> <p> </p> <p>3. Figure data</p> <p>This folder contains the .fig format files of Figure 3 ~ 10 in the paper.</p>
CEDS Gridded SO2 Emissions v_2021_4_21 with Point Sources 0.5 Degrees
<p>Preliminary release of gridded SO2 emissions from 2000-2019 based on the 2021_04_21 CEDS release with direct inclusion of point sources as time series. This release contains global grids at 0.5 degree resolution.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.