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3,673 results for “practices”
Discordant Clostridioides difficile diagnostic assay and treatment practice: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
<p><b><span>Objectives:</span></b><span> </span><span><span>To determine the proportion of patients who received a treatment for </span><i><span>Clostridioides difficile</span></i><span> infection (CDI) among those presenting a discordant </span><i><span>Clostridioides difficile</span></i><span> diagnostic assay and to identify patient characteristics associated with the decision to treat CDI.</span></span></p> <p><b><span><span>Design: </span></span></b><span><span>Cross-sectional study.</span></span></p> <p><b><span><span>Setting: </span></span></b><span><span>Monocentric study in a tertiary care hospital, Geneva, Switzerland</span></span></p> <p><b><span>Participants: </span></b><span>Among 4562 adult patients tested for </span><i><span>C. difficile</span></i><span> between March 2017 and March 2019</span><span><span>, 208 patients with discordant tests' results</span></span><span> (positive nucleic acid amplification test [NAAT+]/negative enzyme immunoassay [EIA-]) were included.</span></p> <p><b><span>Main outcome measures:</span></b><span> </span><span><span>Treatment for CDI</span></span><span>.</span></p> <p><b><span>Results: </span></b><span><span>CDI treatment was administered in 147 (71%) cases</span></span><span>. In multivariate analysis, </span><span><span>an abdominal computed tomography scan</span></span><span> with signs of colitis (</span><span><span>OR 14.7; 95% CI 1.96-110.8) was the only factor associated with CDI treatment</span></span><span>.</span></p> <p><b><span>Conclusions:</span></b><span> The proportion of NAAT+/EIA- patients who received treatment questions the contribution of the EIA for the detection of toxin A/B after NAAT to limit </span><span><span>overtreatment</span></span><span>. Additional studies are needed to investigate if other factors are associated with the decision to treat.</span></p>
poojaruhal/RP-commenting-practices-social-media: RP-commenting-practices-social-media: RP_TOSEM_2020 v.1.0.1 Second release of of the replication Package for the paper "What do Developers Discuss about Code Comment Conventions on Social Media"
<p>RP-commenting-practices-social-media</p> <p>Replication Package for the paper "What do Developers Discuss about Code Comment Conventions on Social Media?"</p> <p>Structure</p> <pre><code>Paper-presenation.pdf Makar_tool/ Data/ stackoverfow_questions_with_answers_by_tags.csv stackoverfow_tags_metrics.csv apache_mailing_list.csv mailing_lists_ASF_@dev_@users_1.csv mailing_lists_ASF_@dev_@users_2.csv quora.csv sample_stackoverfow_questions_with_answers_by_tags.csv Schemas/ apache_mailing_lists.json quora.json stackoverfow_questions_answers_by_tag.json stackoverfow_tag_count.json stackoverfow_tag_metrics.json RQ1/ LDA_input/ stackoverfow_raw_dataset.csv LDA_output/ Mallet/ output_csv/ docs-in-topics.csv topic-words.csv topics-in-docs.csv topics-metadata.csv output_html/ all_topics.html Docs/ Topics/ RQ2/ datasource_rawdata/ mailing_lists_selection_criteria.csv quora.csv stackoverflow.csv manual_analysis_output/ stackoverflow_quora_taxonomy.xlsx </code></pre> <p>Contents of the Replication Package</p> <p><strong>Paper-presenation.pdf</strong> presents the highlights of the work in a presenation.</p> <p><strong>Makar_tool/</strong> contains the data processed using the tool for the study</p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Data/</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>stackoverfow_questions_with_answers_by_tags.csv</code> - all stackoverflow questions used in the study as stored in Makar <ul> <li><code>stackoverfow_tags_metrics.csv</code> - all data containing the calculations done for stackoverflow tag selection</li> <li><code>apache_mailing_list.csv</code> - statistically significant sample of <code>mailing_lists_ASF_@dev_@users_1.csv</code> and <code>mailing_lists_ASF_@dev_@users_2.csv</code> used in the study</li> <li><code>mailing_lists_ASF_@dev_@users_1.csv</code> - mailing list data used in the study as stored in Makar (part 1)</li> <li><code>mailing_lists_ASF_@dev_@users_2.csv</code> - mailing list data used in the study as stored in Makar (part 2)</li> <li><code>quora.csv</code> - all quora questions used in the study as stored in Makar</li> <li><code>sample_stackoverfow_questions_with_answers_by_tags</code> - statistically significant sample of <code>stackoverfow_questions_with_answers_by_tags.csv</code> used in the study</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>Schemas/</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>apache_mailing_lists.json</code> - data schema used in Makar to store mailing list data</li> <li><code>quora.json</code> - data schema used in Makar to store quora data</li> <li><code>stackoverfow_questions_answers_by_tag.json</code> - data schema used in Makar to store stackoverflow questions data</li> <li><code>stackoverfow_tag_count.json</code> - data schema used in Makar to lookup number of questions per tag available in stackoverflow</li> <li><code>stackoverfow_tag_metrics.json</code> - data schema used in Makar to stackoverflow tag metrics data</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>RQ1/</strong> - contains the data used to answer RQ1</p> <ul> <li><strong>LDA_input/</strong> - input data used for LDA analysis <ul> <li><code>stackoverfow_raw_dataset.csv</code> - stackoverflow questions used to perform LDA analysis</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>LDA_output/</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Mallet/</strong> - contains the LDA output generated by MALLET tool <ul> <li><strong>output_csv/</strong> <ul> <li><code>docs-in-topics.csv</code> - documents per topic</li> <li><code>topic-words.csv</code> - most relevant topic words</li> <li><code>topics-in-docs.csv</code> - topic probability per document</li> <li><code>topics-metadata.csv</code> - metadata per document and topic probability <ul> <li><strong>output_html/</strong> - Browsable results of mallet output</li> </ul> </li> <li><code>all_topics.html</code></li> <li><code>Docs/</code></li> <li><code>Topics/</code></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>RQ2/</strong> - contains the data used to answer RQ2</p> <ul> <li><strong>datasource_rawdata/</strong> - contains the raw data for each source <ul> <li><code>mailing_lists_selection_criteria.csv</code> - criteria used to select mailing_lists.</li> <li><code>quora.csv</code> - contains the processed dataset (like removing HTML tags). To know more about the preprocessing steps, please refer to the reproducibility section in the paper. The data is preprocessed using Makar tool.</li> <li><code>stackoverflow.csv</code> - contains the processed stackoverflow dataset. To know more about the preprocessing steps, please refer to the reproducibility section in the paper. The data is preprocessed using Makar tool.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>manual_analysis_output/</strong> <ul> <li><code>stackoverflow_quora_taxonomy.xlsx</code> - contains the classified dataset of stackoverflow and quora and description of taxonomy. <ul> <li><code>Taxonomy</code> - contains the description of the first dimension and second dimension categories. Second dimension categories are further divided into levels, separated by <code>|</code> symbol.</li> <li><code>stackoverflow-posts</code> - the questions are labelled relevant or irrelevant and categorized into the first dimension and second dimension categories. <ul> <li><code>quota-posts</code> - the questions are labelled relevant or irrelevant and categorized into the first dimension and second dimension categories.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Metadata standards and tools practice at EPFL School of Life Sciences 2020 Survey
<p>In 2020, EPFL Library conducted a study about Tools and Metadata Standards practice in EPFL School of Life Sciences.</p> <p>By standard, we mean:<br> - terminological resources (vocabularies, terminologies, classifications, thesauri),<br> - formats and data models / schemas,<br> - structured knowledge bases (databases, reference databases, ontologies).<br> And by tools, we mean:<br> - bioinformatics software (i.e. for sequence or molecular structure analysis of proteins and genes)<br> - databases from the Life Sciences field (i.e. genome databases).</p> <p>Our goal was twofold: on the one hand, to gain new knowledge and insights, and on the other hand, to develop a reproducible survey methodology resolutely based on liaison librarian-data librarian collaboration.</p> <p>This dataset reflects the results collected during the second phase of the study: "Survey in EPFL Life Sciences Community".</p> <p> </p>
Building on challenges hindering practical use of smell concept: a systematic review (80 primary studies from 2002-2019)
<p>Data set of the research: Extending a systematic review on code smell effect: outlining catalogues, investigated smells and building on tool-related bias (80 primary studies from 2002-2019)</p>
Analysis of laboratory reporting practices using a quality assessment of a 'virtual patient'. (data)
<p>Dataset for paper Analysis of laboratory reporting practices using a quality assessment of a ‘virtual patient', published in Genetics in Medicine.</p> <p>This dataset consists of the FASTQ, BAM, and VCF for the virtual patients as described in the paper.<br> </p>
Data from: Physician champions' perspectives and practices on electronic health records implementation: challenges and strategies
<p><span><span><span><b>Objective: </b>Physician champions are "boots on the ground" physician leaders who facilitate the implementation of, and transition to, new health information technology (HIT) systems within an organization. They are commonly cited as key personnel in HIT implementations, yet little research has focused on their practices and perspectives. </span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b>Methods: </b>We addressed this research gap through a qualitative study of physician champions that aimed to capture their challenges and strategies during a large-scale HIT implementation. Email interviews were conducted with 45 physician champions from diverse clinical areas five months after a new electronic health record (EHR) system went live in a large academic medical center. We adopted a grounded theory approach to analyze the data.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b>Results: </b>Our physician champion participants reported multiple challenges, including insufficient training, limited at-the-elbow support, unreliable communication with leadership and the EHR vendor, as well as flawed system design. To overcome these challenges, physician champions developed their own personalized training programs in a simulated context or in the live environment, sought and obtained more at-the-elbow support both internally and externally, and adapted their departmental sociotechnical context to make the system work better.</span></span></span></p> <p><b>Discussion and Conclusion: </b>This study identified the challenges physician champions faced and the strategies they developed to overcome these challenges. Our findings suggest<b> </b>factors that are crucial to the successful involvement of physician champions in HIT implementations, including the availability of instrumental (e.g., reward for efforts), emotional (e.g., mechanisms for expressing frustrations), and peer support; ongoing engagement with the champions; and appropriate training and customization planning.</p>
Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey of canine rabies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab Province of Pakistan
<div> <div class="sec sec-first"> Background <p class="p p-first-last">This study aimed to assess the extent of knowledge and understanding of rabies disease in rural and urban communities of Pakistan. It also identified malpractices after suspected dog bite that might pose a risk for humans contracting rabies.</p> </div> <div class="sec"> Methods <p class="p p-first-last">A cross-sectional study was conducted (<em>n</em> = 1466) on people having different age groups and educational levels in four different geographic regions of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces in Pakistan. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of people were assessed using a structured questionnaire. We used a bivariate and multivariate analysis to study the association between rabies related mortalities in near or extended family members and different risk behaviors.</p> </div> <div class="sec"> Results <p class="p p-first">Our results demonstrate that the majority of the juvenile population (less than 18 years of age) were not aware of the clinical signs of rabies in animals. 75% of the total respondents were not vaccinated against rabies, 60% did not seek a doctor's advice after a suspected animal bite, and 55% had inadequate health care facilities for rabies patients in local hospitals.</p> <p class="p p-last">Respondents that had pets at home had not vaccinated (38%; <em>p</em> < 0.05; odds ratio 1.58) themselves against rabies due to lack of knowledge and awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies (51%; <em>p</em> < 0.05; odds ratio 1.25). They also tend to not visit doctor after suspected bite (52%; <em>p <</em> 0.05; odds ratio 1.97), which may had resulted in more deaths (65%; <em>p <</em> 0.05; odds ratio 1.73) of someone in their near or extended family due to rabies.</p> </div> <div class="sec sec-last"> Conclusions <p class="p p-first-last">Lack of knowledge about the nature of rabies disease and prophylaxis has contributed to increase of rabies related deaths. Inadequate health care facilities and poor attitude of not seeking medical attention after suspected dog bite are the major reasons of rabies related deaths. These findings could help in devising a targeted management strategy and awareness program to control and reduce the incidence of human rabies related deaths in Pakistan.</p> </div> </div>
Bridging research integrity and global health epidemiology (BRIDGE) statement: guidelines for good epidemiological practice
<p>Research integrity and research fairness have gained considerable momentum in the past decade and have direct implications for global health epidemiology. Research integrity and research fairness principles should be equally nurtured to produce high quality impactful research – but bridging the two can lead to practical and ethical dilemmas. In order to provide practical guidance to researchers and epidemiologist, we set out to develop good epidemiological practice guidelines specifically for global health epidemiology, targeted at stakeholders involved in the commissioning, conduct, appraisal and publication of global health research.</p> <p>We developed preliminary guidelines based on targeted online searches on existing best practices for epidemiological studies and sought to align these with key elements of global health research and research fairness. We validated these guidelines through a Delphi consultation study, to reach a consensus among a wide representation of stakeholders. </p> <p>A total of 45 experts provided input on the first round of GEP e-Delphi consultation, and 40 in the second. Respondents covered a range of organisations (including for example academia, ministries, NGOs, research funders, technical agencies) involved in epidemiological studies from countries around the world. A selection of eight experts were invited for a face-to-face meeting. The final guidelines consists of a set of six standards and 42 accompanying criteria including study preparation, study protocol and ethical review, data collection, data management, analysis, reporting and dissemination.</p> <p>This database only includes anonymised responses of participants who agreed to their data being shared in this depository , i.e.19 out of the 45 (Round 1) and 40 (Round 2) participants. </p>
The search for sexually antagonistic genes: practical insights from studies of local adaptation and statistical genomics
<p>Sexually antagonistic (SA) genetic variation—in which alleles favored in one sex are disfavored in the other—is predicted to be common and has been documented in several animal and plant populations, yet we currently know little about its pervasiveness among species or its population genetic basis. Recent applications of genomics in studies of SA genetic variation have highlighted considerable methodological challenges to the identification and characterization of SA genes, raising questions about the feasibility of genomic approaches for inferring SA selection. The related fields of local adaptation and statistical genomics have previously dealt with similar challenges, and lessons from these disciplines can therefore help overcome current difficulties in applying genomics to study SA genetic variation. Here, we integrate theoretical and analytical concepts from local adaptation and statistical genomics research—including <em>F</em><sub>ST</sub> and <em>F</em><sub>IS</sub> statistics, genome‐wide association studies, pedigree analyses, reciprocal transplant studies, and evolve‐and‐resequence experiments—to evaluate methods for identifying SA genes and genome‐wide signals of SA genetic variation. We begin by developing theoretical models for between‐sex <em>F</em><sub>ST</sub> and <em>F</em><sub>IS</sub>, including explicit null distributions for each statistic, and using them to critically evaluate putative multilocus signals of sex‐specific selection in previously published datasets. We then highlight new statistics that address some of the limitations of <em>F</em><sub>ST</sub>and <em>F</em><sub>IS</sub>, along with applications of more direct approaches for characterizing SA genetic variation, which incorporate explicit fitness measurements. We finish by presenting practical guidelines for the validation and evolutionary analysis of candidate SA genes and discussing promising empirical systems for future work.</p>
Sample Dataset for the UN Open GIS Initiative - WG2 and WG3 QGIS 3.10-GeoAnalysis Practice
<p>Sample Dataset for the UN Open GIS Initiative - WG2 and WG3 QGIS 3.10-GeoAnalysis Practice including 26 geoanalytic functions for PKO.</p> <p><strong>vector:</strong> OpenStreetMap vector dataset (8 shapefiles) for the city of Seoul (version date 2018-07-22T20:00:02, CRS: WGS84) licensed under the Open Database 1.0 License.</p> <p><strong>raster:</strong> (a)Landsat8 image (code: LC08_L1TP_115034_20180721_20180731_01_T1, CRS: WGS84/UTM zone 52N), 11 bands. (b) Aster Digital Elevation map (20 m, CRS: WGS84) for the city of Seoul</p> <p>See: <a href="https://qgis3-10-geoanalysis-un.readthedocs.io">UN Open GIS Initiative - WG2 and WG3 QGIS 3.10-GeoAnalysis Practice</a></p>
Data for bioinformatics practical course (TP) 1 - Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS)
<p>This data are fastq (.fq) files for the Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) TP1 (09/12/2020) of the Master Infectiologie-Vaccinologie (University of Tours)</p>
Conference Proceedings of The First International Scientific-Practical Conference- "Modern Tendencies of Dialogue in Multidenominational Society: philosophical, religious, legal view"
<p>Scientific conference</p>
Complete set of raw and processed datasets, as well as associated Jupyter notebooks for analysis, associated with manuscript entitled: "The MOUSE project: a practical approach for obtaining traceable, wide-range X-ray scattering information"
<p>This dataset is a complete set of raw, processed and analyzed data, complete with Jupiter notebooks, associated with the manuscript mentioned in the title. </p> <p>In the manuscript, we provide a ``systems architecture''-like overview and detailed discussions of the methodological and instrumental components that, together, comprise the "MOUSE" project (<strong>M</strong>ethodology <strong>O</strong>ptimization for <strong>U</strong>ltrafine <strong>S</strong>tructure <strong>E</strong>xploration). Through this project, we aim to provide a comprehensive methodology for obtaining the highest quality X-ray scattering information (at small and wide angles) from measurements on materials science samples. </p>
Data from: Female genital cosmetic surgery: a cross-sectional survey exploring knowledge, attitude and practice of general practitioners
Objective To explore general practitioner's (GP) knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) in Australia. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Australia. Sample GPs who attended a women's health seminar and GPs who subscribed to a non-governmental, national health professional organisation database that provides education to primary care professionals. Method A national online survey of GPs was conducted for the 10-week period, starting 1 week prior and 2 months after a Women's Health seminar was held in Perth on 8 August 2015. 31 questions prompted GPs' knowledge, attitudes and practice in managing patients asking about FGCS. Results The survey was fully completed by 443 GPs; 54% had seen patients requesting FGCS. Overall, 75% (95% CI 71% to 79%) of GPs rated their knowledge of FGCS as inadequate and 97% (95% CI 94% to 99%) had been asked by women of all ages about genital normality. Of those who had seen patients requesting FGCS, nearly half (44%, 95% CI 38% to 51%) reported they had insufficient knowledge of risks of FGCS procedures and 35% (95% CI 29% to 41%) reported seeing females younger than 18 years of age requesting FGCS. Just over half (56%, 95% CI 51% to 60%) of the GPs felt that women should be counselled before making a referral for FGCS. More than half the GPs suspected psychological disturbances in their patients requesting FGCS such as depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties and body dysmorphic disorder. Conclusions GPs see women of all ages presenting with genital anatomy concerns and in those who request FGCS, GPs often suspected a range of mental health difficulties. GPs require greater education to support their patients who request FGCS.
Data from: Nutrient limitation in tropical secondary forests following different management practices
Secondary forests now make up more than half of all tropical forests, and constraints on their biomass accumulation will influence the strength of the terrestrial carbon (C) sink in the coming decades. However the variance in secondary tropical forest biomass for a given stand age and climate is high and our understanding of why is limited. We constructed a model of terrestrial C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling to examine the influence of disturbance and management practices on nutrient limitation and biomass recovery in secondary tropical forests. The model predicted that N limited the rate of forest recovery in the first few decades following harvest, but that this limitation switched to P approximately 30-40 years after abandonment, consistent with field data on N and P cycling from secondary tropical forest chronosequences. Simulated biomass recovery agreed well with field data of biomass accumulation following harvest (R2=0.80). Model results showed that if all biomass remained on site following a severe disturbance such as blowdown, regrowth approached pre-disturbance biomass in 80-90 years, and recovery was faster following smaller disturbances such as selective logging. Field data from regrowth on abandoned pastures were consistent with simulated losses of nutrients in soil organic matter, particularly P. Following any forest disturbance that involved the removal of nutrients (i.e., except blowdown), forest regrowth produced reduced biomass relative to the initial state as a result of nutrient loss through harvest, leaching and/or sequestration by secondary minerals. Differences in nutrient availability accounted for 49-94% of the variance in secondary forest biomass C at a given stand age. Management lessons from this study are the importance of strategies that help retain nutrients on site, recognizing the role of coarse woody debris in immobilization and subsequent release of nutrients, and the potential for nutrient additions to enhance biomass growth and recovery in secondary tropical forests.
Data from: Research data sharing: practices and attitudes of geophysicists
Open data policies have been introduced by governments, funders, and publishers over the past decade. Previous research showed a growing recognition by scientists of the benefits of data-sharing and reuse, but actual practices lag and are not always compliant with new regulations. The goal of this study is to investigate motives, attitudes, and data practices of the community of earth and planetary geophysicists, a discipline believed to have accepting attitudes towards data sharing and reuse. A better understanding of the attitudes and current data-sharing practices of this scientific community could enable funders, publishers, data managers, and librarians to design systems and services that help scientists understand and adhere to mandates and to create practices, tools, and services that are scientist-focused. An online survey was distributed to the members of the American Geophysical Union (AGU), producing 1372 responses from 116 countries. The attitudes of researchers to data sharing and reuse were generally positive, but in practice scientists had concerns about sharing their own research data. These concerns include the possibility of potential data misuse and the need for assurance of proper citation and acknowledgement. Training and assistance in good data management practices are lacking in many scientific fields and might help to alleviate these doubts.
Data from: Empowering conservation practice with efficient and economical genotyping from poor quality samples
1. Moderate to high density genotyping (100+ SNPs) is widely used to determine and measure individual identity, relatedness, fitness, population structure and migration in wild populations. 2. However, these important tools are difficult to apply when high-quality genetic material is unavailable. Most genomic tools are developed for high quality DNA sources from lab or medical settings. As a result, most genetic data from market or field settings is limited to easily-amplified mitochondrial DNA or a few microsatellites. 3. To enable genotyping in conservation contexts, we used next-generation sequencing of multiplex PCR products from very low-quality DNA extracted from feces, hair, and cooked samples. We demonstrated utility and wide-ranging potential application in endangered wild tigers and tracking commercial trade in Caribbean queen conch. 4. We genotyped 100 SNPs from degraded tiger samples to identify individuals, discern close relatives, and detect population differentiation. Co-occurring carnivores do not amplify (e.g. Indian wild dog/Dhole) or are monomorphic (e.g. leopard). 62 SNPs from conch fritters and field-collected samples were used to test relatedness and detect population structure. 5. We provide proof-of-concept for a rapid, simple, cost-effective, and scalable method (for both samples and number of loci), a framework that can be applied to other conservation scenarios previously limited by low quality DNA samples. These approaches provide a critical advance for wildlife monitoring and forensics, open the door to field-ready testing, and will strengthen the use of science in policy decisions and wildlife trade.
Data from: Poor infant and young child feeding practices and sources of caregivers' feeding knowledge in rural Hebei Province, China: findings from a cross-sectional survey
Objectives: To obtain a general overview of infant and young child feeding practices in one rural county in China and identify current delivery channels and challenges. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: A rural county, Zhao County, in Hebei Province, China. Participants: 10 clusters were first selected within each township (16 townships in total) with proportional to population size sampling. In each cluster, a name list was used to select 13 children aged 0–23 months. We interviewed caregivers of all the selected children. Primary and secondary outcomes measures: Coverage of infant feeding practices, reasons for low coverage of infant feeding practices and current delivery channels of infant feeding practices. Results: Findings from our survey indicated that infant feeding practices were poor. Early initiation of breastfeeding was only 22.4%, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was less than 10% and continued breastfeeding up to the age of two was just 38.2%. Only 32.5% of children were given iron-rich or iron-fortified foods. The leading sources of infant feeding information were family members, neighbours, friends and popular media. Only around 20% of the information came from health facilities and nearly none came from communities. Household property data showed that 99.9% of households owned televisions and 99.4% owned mobile phones. In addition, 61.2% of the households owned computers, with 54.8% having access to the internet. Conclusions: Few caregivers of children in Zhao County received feeding information during pregnancy and after delivery. Moreover, their feeding knowledge and practices were poor. Multi-channel approaches, delivered through health facilities, community resources, popular media, the internet and mobile phones, hold potential to improve infant feeding practices and should be explored in future studies. Strengths and limitations: Although this study took place only within one county, a full range of globally standard feeding indicators was used to assess the feeding practices of caregivers in our study. The name lists of children in some villages may not be complete, and therefore selection bias may have occurred. Some indicators may have recall bias due to long recall time. Trial registration number: ChiCTR-PRC-11001446.
Data from: Sharing of clinical trial data and results reporting practices among large pharmaceutical companies: cross sectional descriptive study and pilot of a tool to improve company practices
Objectives: To develop and pilot a tool to measure and improve pharmaceutical companies' clinical trial data sharing policies and practices. Design: Cross sectional descriptive analysis. Setting: Large pharmaceutical companies with novel drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2015. Data sources: Data sharing measures were adapted from 10 prominent data sharing guidelines from expert bodies and refined through a multi-stakeholder deliberative process engaging patients, industry, academics, regulators, and others. Data sharing practices and policies were assessed using data from ClinicalTrials.gov, Drugs@FDA, corporate websites, data sharing platforms and registries (eg, the Yale Open Data Access (YODA) Project and Clinical Study Data Request (CSDR)), and personal communication with drug companies. Main outcome measures: Company level, multicomponent measure of accessibility of participant level clinical trial data (eg, analysis ready dataset and metadata); drug and trial level measures of registration, results reporting, and publication; company level overall transparency rankings; and feasibility of the measures and ranking tool to improve company data sharing policies and practices. Results: Only 25% of large pharmaceutical companies fully met the data sharing measure. The median company data sharing score was 63% (interquartile range 58-85%). Given feedback and a chance to improve their policies to meet this measure, three companies made amendments, raising the percentage of companies in full compliance to 33% and the median company data sharing score to 80% (73-100%). The most common reasons companies did not initially satisfy the data sharing measure were failure to share data by the specified deadline (75%) and failure to report the number and outcome of their data requests. Across new drug applications, a median of 100% (interquartile range 91-100%) of trials in patients were registered, 65% (36-96%) reported results, 45% (30-84%) were published, and 95% (69-100%) were publicly available in some form by six months after FDA drug approval. When examining results on the drug level, less than half (42%) of reviewed drugs had results for all their new drug applications trials in patients publicly available in some form by six months after FDA approval. Conclusions: It was feasible to develop a tool to measure data sharing policies and practices among large companies and have an impact in improving company practices. Among large companies, 25% made participant level trial data accessible to external investigators for new drug approvals in accordance with the current study's measures; this proportion improved to 33% after applying the ranking tool. Other measures of trial transparency were higher. Some companies, however, have substantial room for improvement on transparency and data sharing of clinical trials.
Data from: What influence do courses at medical school and personal experience have on interest in practicing family medicine? – results of a student survey in Hessia
Aim: Against the background of an impending shortage of family practitioners, it is important to investigate the factors influencing the choice to become one. The aim of this study was to identify factors that encourage medical students to choose to practice family medicine. Method: Using a questionnaire, students in the fourth and fifth years of their studies in the Federal State of Hesse were asked about the factors that had influenced their choice of medical specialty and their experience of courses in family medicine. Predictors of an interest in practicing family medicine were calculated using multiple logistic regression. Results: 361 questionnaires were returned, representing a response rate of 70.9%. Confirmation of personal strengths, an interest in the field, and practical experience of the subject generally turned out to be important factors influencing the choice of medical specialty. 49.3% of students expressed an interest in practicing family medicine. A link existed between an interest in working as a family doctor and the opportunity to take over an existing practice, experience of medicine in rural areas, and an appreciation of the conditions of work. With regard to education at medical school, positive experiences during a clinical traineeship in family medicine and positive role models among teachers of general practice were identified as predictors. Conclusion: Almost half the medical students were open to the idea of practicing family medicine. Experience of medicine in rural areas and positive experiences of courses in general practice were linked to an increased interest in working as a family doctor. To promote this interest, it may be a promising approach to increase opportunities to collect experience of medicine in rural areas, and to encourage highly motivated teaching practices.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.