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3,709 results for “urbanization.”
The community structure of bird assemblages on urban Strangler figs
Figs have been regarded as keystone plant resources that support diverse tropical vertebrate frugivore communities. Planting or conserving large fig trees, such as stranglers, has therefore been proposed for enhancing urban biodiversity. We compared the diversity and community structure of bird assemblages on strangler figs with non-fig urban trees as well as between the fruiting and non-fruiting fig trees in an urban setting in Singapore. The total bird abundance across all the fig trees when in fruit was 4.5-fold higher than on non-fig trees and 3.5-fold higher than when the same fig trees were not fruiting, but only attracted two more species. On individual trees, after accounting for the presence of mistletoes, tree height, the area covered by buildings and road lane density, and distance to natural vegetation, mean diversity was not different between non-fig trees and fig trees when they were not in fruit. On the other hand, when fruiting, each fig tree on average had 1.4 more species, 3 more counts of non-native birds, and 1.6 more counts of insectivorous birds than when not fruiting. There was significant compositional turnover between non-fig trees and non-fruiting fig trees, while community dispersion was significantly lower among fig trees in fruit. Our results demonstrate that fig trees provide fruit and non-fruit resources for birds in an urban landscape but do not necessarily support a more diverse total bird assemblages than non-fig trees. Instead, bird communities on fruiting urban figs would be highly homogeneous and dominated by a few species.
Urban Green Area Accessibility Prioritization in Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland
<p>R scripts and Zonation input and output files for the research article Jalkanen, Fabritius, Vierikko, Moilanen & Toivonen (2020), “Analyzing fair access to urban green areas using multimodal accessibility measures and spatial prioritization”, <em>Applied Geography</em> (doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102320). See also the GitHub page for possible updates: <a href="https://github.com/DigitalGeographyLab/urban-green-area-accessibility-prioritization/">https://github.com/DigitalGeographyLab/urban-green-area-accessibility-prioritization/</a></p> <p><strong>R scripts</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>01_Distance-decays_of_travel_modes.r: Code for defining distance-decay functions for travels from home to a recreational area. Functions are defined separately for different travel modes (walking, biking, public transport) and they are based on a travel survey by Helsinki Region Transport Authority (Brandt et al. 2019).</p> </li> <li> <p>02_Green_area_accessibility_layers_from_cell-specific_travel_times.r: Code for creating raster layers depicting the accessibility of green areas in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, separately from the point of view of all the metropole’s districts. Accessibility is based on modeled travel times (Tenkanen & Toivonen 2020) and distance-decay functions (previous code).</p> </li> <li> <p>03_Green_area_buffer_analysis_for_comparison.r: Code for calculating the number of people living within 500m buffer around different green area pixels in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area.</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Zonation files</strong></p> <p>Each folder contains standard Zonation input and output files for different analysis versions described in the article. The .bat files that execute each Zonation run are located in the corresponding folders. The “input” subfolders include the features_list.spp and settings.dat files for each run. The “output” subfolders include all files generated and named automatically by the Zonation software. For instance, the priority rank maps shown in the article are found in these subfolders. See the Zonation manual (Moilanen et al. 2014) for details about e.g. the usage, naming, or structure of the different files.</p> <p>Zonation analysis versions are named as follows:</p> <ul> <li>walk = Analysis includes the accessibility of all green areas based on walking.</li> <li>bike = Analysis includes the accessibility of all green areas based on biking.</li> <li>pt = Analysis includes the accessibility of large forests based on public transportation.</li> <li>weights = The population-weighted version of the analysis. Here, each input raster layer (showing the accessibility of green areas from different city districts) is weighted by the population of the corresponding district.</li> </ul> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Brandt E, Kantele S & Räty P (2019). Liikkumistottumukset Helsingin seudulla 2018 (Travel habits in the Helsinki region in 2018). HSL Publications 9/2019. <a href="https://www.hsl.fi/sites/default/files/hsl_julkaisu_9_2019_netti.pdf">https://www.hsl.fi/sites/default/files/hsl_julkaisu_9_2019_netti.pdf</a></p> <p>Tenkanen, H & Toivonen T (2020). Longitudinal spatial dataset on travel times and distances by different travel modes in Helsinki Region. Scientific Data 7: 1–15. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0413-y">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0413-y</a></p> <p>Moilanen, Pouzols FM, Meller L, Veach V, Arponen A, Leppänen J, Kujala H (2014) Zonation Version 4 user manual. C-BIG, University of Helsinki, Helsinki.</p>
Data from: Landscape genetics reveals unique and shared effects of urbanization for two sympatric pool-breeding amphibians
Metapopulation-structured species can be negatively affected when landscape fragmentation impairs connectivity. We investigated the effects of urbanization on genetic diversity and gene flow for two sympatric amphibian species, spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) and wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus), across a large (>35,000 km2) landscape in Maine, USA, containing numerous natural and anthropogenic gradients. Isolation by distance (IBD) patterns differed between the species. Spotted salamanders showed a linear and relatively high variance relationship between genetic and geographic distance (r = 0.057; p < 0.001); whereas, wood frogs exhibited a strongly non-linear and lower variance relationship (r = 0.429; p < 0.001). Scale dependence analysis of IBD found gene flow has its most predictable influence (strongest IBD correlations) at distances up to 9 km for spotted salamanders and up to 6 km for wood frogs. Estimated effective migration surfaces revealed contrasting patterns of high and low genetic diversity and gene flow between the two species. Population isolation, quantified as the mean IBD residuals for each population, was associated with local urbanization and less genetic diversity in both species. The influence of geographic proximity and urbanization on population connectivity was further supported by distance-based redundancy analysis and multiple matrix regression with randomization. Resistance surface modelling found interpopulation connectivity to be influenced by developed land cover, light roads, interstates, and topography for both species, plus secondary roads and rivers for wood frogs. Our results highlight the influence of anthropogenic landscape features within the context of natural features and broad spatial genetic patterns, in turn supporting the premise that while urbanization significantly restricts interpopulation connectivity for wood frogs and spotted salamanders, specific landscape elements have unique effects on these two sympatric species.
Conservation in post-industrial cities: how does vacant land management and landscape configuration influence urban bees?
<p>1. Rich pollinator assemblages are documented in some cities despite habitat fragmentation and degradation, suggesting that urban areas have potential as pollinator refuges. To inform urban bee conservation, we assessed local and landscape scale drivers of bee community composition and foraging within vacant lots of Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Cleveland is a shrinking city, a type of urban area that has an over-abundance of vacated greenspaces as a result of population loss and subsequent demolition of abandoned infrastructure. As such, Cleveland represents over 350 post-industrial cities worldwide, that are all promising locations for bee conservation.</p> <p>2. Across a network of 56 residential vacant lots (each ~30m x 12m), we established seven unique habitats, including seeded native prairies, to investigate how vegetation management and landscape context at a 1500m radius influenced urban bee communities. We assessed the distribution of several bee functional traits, diversity, and abundance with pan and malaise traps. Foraging frequency was determined with plant-pollinator interaction networks derived from vacuum collections of bees at flowers.</p> <p>3. We observed higher bee richness and increased abundance of smaller sized bees as the size of surrounding greenspace patches increased within a 1500m radius landscape buffer. Within habitats, greater plant biomass positively influenced bee community richness and abundance whereas taller vegetation was a negative influence. Plant-pollinator interaction networks were dominated by spontaneous non-native vegetation, illustrating that this forage supports urban bees.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: Our study indicates that proximity to larger greenspaces within an urban landscape promotes overall bee richness and increased occurrence of smaller bee species within residential vacant lots. While we did not observe our seeded native plants enhancing the bee community, native wildflowers were still establishing during the study and may have a greater influence when blooming at higher densities. Importantly, spontaneous non-native vegetation provided the majority of urban bee's forage. Thus, vacant land that is minimally managed and vegetated with what many consider undesirable "weeds", provides valuable habitat for bee conservation in cities.</p>
Data from: Urbanization and plant invasion alter the structure of litter microarthropod communities
<p>Anthropogenic activity underpins the creation of urban ecosystems, often with introduced or invasive species playing a large role in structuring ecological communities. While the effects of urbanization on charismatic taxa such as birds, bees or butterflies have received much attention, the impacts on small and inconspicuous organisms remain poorly understood.</p> <p>Here, we assess how the community structure of leaf litter-inhabiting microarthropods in city parks varies along an urbanization gradient in Toronto, Canada. At each park, we established paired forest understory plots which were either dominated by native vegetation or dog-strangling vine (<em>Vincetoxicum rossicum</em>), an invasive species that is spreading throughout northeastern North America and abundant in urban areas. We compared microarthropod richness, abundance, and diversity in ecological traits between invaded and non-invaded plots as well as compositional dissimilarities among plots across the urbanization gradient.</p> <p>We recorded 123 genera and found: i) there was a negative effect of urbanization on microarthropod richness and abundance but only in invaded plots; ii) richness and abundance increased continuously with urbanization in non-invaded plots, but peaked at intermediate urbanization levels in invaded plots; and iii) there was significant turnover with increasing urbanization, with distinct communities represented in highly urbanized areas compared to less urbanized areas, regardless of whether invaded. We also found litter microarthropod richness and abundance increased with soil ammonium and decreased with nitrate. These trends were especially strong for fungivorous microarthropods, however there was no relationship between soil nutrients and urbanization or invasion.</p> <p>Urbanization and biological invasion drive biodiversity change, and there is a need to disentangle these effects on ecological communities and related ecosystem processes. We show microarthropod communities change with urbanization, with the effects of invasion most prominent in non-urban areas. Here, there is high richness and abundance but low ecological trait diversity, possibly because certain feeding traits are excluded and others overrepresented.</p> <p>Understanding of urban ecological systems must include knowledge of the microarthropods that interact widely across food webs, form distinct communities in highly urban areas, and drive many of the important ecological functions upon which people in cities depend.</p>
Dataset and figures for "Nationwide urban ground deformation monitoring in Japan using Sentinel-1 LiCSAR products and LiCSBAS"
<p>This dataset contains the deformation data for 191 data sets and figures (LOS velocities, amplitude and time offset of the annual deformation, decomposed vertical and EW velocities, rice paddy fields, NDVI, optical images, topography, and SB network) mentioned in the paper “Nationwide urban ground deformation monitoring in Japan using Sentinel-1 LiCSAR products and LiCSBAS”</p> <p>Morishita, Y. Nationwide urban ground deformation monitoring in Japan using Sentinel-1 LiCSAR products and LiCSBAS. <em>Prog Earth Planet Sci</em> <strong>8, </strong>6 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-020-00402-7</p> <p>View on a web map:</p> <p>https://yumorishita.github.io/gsimaps_S1_Japan_LiCSBAS/#9/35.766572/140.038605/&base=std&base_grayscale=1&ls=std%2C0.5%7Chillshademap%2C0.5%7CallUD%7Clanduse_veg&blend=100&disp=1110&vs=c1j0h0k0l0u0t0z0r0s0m0f2&d=m</p>
Least‐cost path analysis for urban greenways planning: a test with moths and birds across two habitats and two cities
<p>1. One of the major planning tools to respond to urban landscape fragmentation is the development of ecological corridors, i.e. interconnected networks of urban green and blue spaces. Least-cost paths (LCP) appear to be an easy and appropriate resistance-based modeling method to respond to urban planners' needs. However, the ecological validation of urban corridors using LCP is rarely performed and needs to be generalized to different species, habitats and cities.</p> <p>2. We developed an experimental design to test the efficiency of LCP predictions to detect highly connecting landscape contexts that facilitate individual movements compared to movements in less connecting landscape contexts. We deliberately assigned LCP analysis parameters based on the scientific literature and expert knowledge to test a method potentially easy to use for urban stakeholders. To extend the validation, we applied our LCP model to two biological taxa with different habitat requirements: grassland-dwelling moths and forest-dwelling passerines, and to two medium-sized cities.</p> <p>3. We used mark-release-recapture (MRR) methods for moths and playback recall protocols for passerines to compare the patterns of individual movement between two contrasted connectivity contexts determined by the presence and absence of modelled LCPs. MRR protocol estimated movement rates between herbaceous patches and the two contrasted connectivity contexts. Playback recall protocol consisted in attracting individuals from wooded patches to the two contrasted connectivity contexts. A movement was considered facilitated, when displacement was rapidly engaged and individuals moved a long distance from their wooded patch.</p> <p>4. Moth and passerine movement patterns differed between the two connectivity contexts: moth recapture rates were higher in highly connecting contexts than in less connecting contexts. For passerine birds, responses to playback recalls were faster and movement distance longer in highly connecting contexts. All results support the hypothesis that both taxa were more prone to move in corridors modeled by LCP.</p> <p>5. The convergence of the results for different biological models and across cities strengthens the relevance of LCP analysis for planning urban greenways and provides guidelines for landscape planners in the development of these corridors to favor the movement and survival of multiple urban species.</p>
Data Sets: An Assessment of Water Trusts: Drinking Water Quality and Provision in Six Low-income, Peri-urban Communities of Lusaka, Zambia
<p>Data set associated with the manuscript published in GeoHealth titled An Assessment of Water Trusts: Drinking Water Quality and Provision in Six Low-income, Peri-urban Communities of Lusaka, Zambia. This includes bacterial, nitrate, specific conductance, and Water Trust survey data collected from Lusaka, Zambia in 2013, 2014, 2016, an 2019.</p>
Implementation and adherence of routine pertussis vaccination (DTP) in a low-resource urban birth cohort
<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Reliable information on rates of up-to-date coverage and timely administration of routine childhood immunizations is critical for guiding public health efforts worldwide, yet prospective observation of vaccination programs within individual communities is rare. Here we provide a longitudinal analysis of the directly-observed administration of a 3-dose primary vaccination series to infants in a low-resource community in Lusaka, Zambia.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Throughout 2015, we recruited a longitudinal birth cohort of mother/infant pairs (initial enrollment, 1,981 pairs; attending, 1,497 pairs) from the peri-urban informal settlement of Chawama compound, located in Lusaka, Zambia. We prospectively monitored the administration of scheduled Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTP) vaccinations across the first 14-18 weeks of life. We analyzed study attendance and vaccine coverage, both overall and stratified by age group. We employed Kaplan-Meier analyses to estimate delays in age-appropriate administration of vaccine doses. We also assessed schedule timing violations, including early and compressed dose administration.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: At study completion, first dose (DTP1) rates were high (92.9% of attending), whereas third dose completion (DTP3) rates were far lower (61.9%). Missed vaccinations and study dropout both contributed to the low DTP3 completion rates. DTP1 was administered very late (at or after 10 weeks) to 61 infants (4.1%). DPT1 was administered too early to 64 infants (4.3%), and 77 (5.1%) received consecutive doses below the minimum recommended spacing of 28 days.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: We observe substantial individual variation in the timing of early childhood DTP doses, though following this birth cohort proved challenging. Our results indicate that timely administration of both DTP1 and DPT3 remains a challenge in this community. These directly-observed, individual-based results provide an important counterpoint to more course-grained, survey-based national and province estimates of up-to-date vaccine coverage. This study also highlights the challenges of vaccine hesitancy and sub-optimal utilization of (no-cost) healthcare services in a low-resource urban setting.</p>
Enhancement of cloud-to-ground lightning activity caused by the urban effect: a case study in the Beijing metropolitan area
<p>The dataset here includes land-surface temperature, wind field, precipitation, UV aerosol index, and lightning information analyzed in the paper "<strong>Enhancement of cloud-to-ground lightning activity </strong><strong>caused by the urban effect: a case study in</strong> <strong>the Beijing metropolitan area</strong>".</p>
Uncertainties associated with microwave link rainfall estimates in an urban environment
<p>These dataset were collected from a dedicated microwave link setup between Mt View Reservoir (T) and 33 Lakeside Burwood (R). There were two OTT1 disdrometers installed at both ends of the microwave link complemented by 3 tipping bucket rain gauges. </p>
Red and white clover provide food resources for honeybees and wild bees in urban environments
<p>Pollination is a key ecological process both in wild plant species and in economically important crops. Global land use change and urbanization are known to alter plant-pollinator interactions, but our understanding of how the local (i.e. size of green area, food resource availability) and landscape (surrounding green area) context affect pollinators in urban landscapes remains understudied. We selected two co-occurring clover species, Trifolium pratense and T. repens. to assess whether mixed stands of common wildflowers provide resources for a diverse pollinator assemblage by supporting differently adapted/specialized pollinator species. We further wanted to test how environmental factors (flower diversity, resource availability, size and percentage of green area) alter plant-pollinator interactions in urban environments. We studied the pollinator assemblage and visitation rate of pollinators in 1 m² plots in 21 green areas of different sizes in the city of Vienna (Austria). In addition, we assessed the surrounding landscape context by estimating the percentage of green area in perimeters of 100 m, 500 m and 1000 m around each study plot and measured local flower resource availability. We found that proportions of pollinator taxa differed significantly between white and red clover, with T. repens mainly pollinated by Apis mellifera, and T. pratense primarily pollinated by different bumblebee species. Visitation frequency was positively correlated to local resource availability (number of anthetic Trifolium inflorescences in each plot), but independent of the surrounding landscape context (i.e. percentage of green area). We conclude that the establishment and maintenance even of small patches of different common wildflowers help maintain a diverse bee community in urban environments. Particularly large-flowered species may be important for supporting long-tongued, late emerging pollinators such as certain bumblebee species.</p>
Data for publication "COVID-19 lockdowns highlight a risk of increasing ozone pollution in European urban areas"
<p>Data to accompany the "COVID-19 lockdowns highlight a risk of increasing ozone pollution in European urban areas" paper published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. This repository contains metadata for the ambient air quality and surface meteorological sites used for the analysis.</p> <p>The observations have not been included due to licencing issues, but can be shared by reasonable request to the author. </p> <p>All files are .csv files, with UTF-8 encoding, and are self describing.</p> <p> </p>
Surface Water Loss map and Urbanization map
<p>Surface water are severly affected by human activities, and here we defined two novel datasets, both derived from remote sensing data, to investigate the influence of urban areas on the spatial distribution of surface water loss locations across the watersheds in the United States: the Surface Water Loss map and the Urbanization map.</p> <p>The Surface Water Loss map is a binary map that identifies the geographical location of surface water depletion hotspots. It was obtained from the Surface Water Transitions layer of the Global Surface Water dataset (Pekel et al., 2016). Pixels values in the map are as follows: 0 = No surface water loss, 1 = Surface water loss hotspots.</p> <p>The Urbanization map is a binary map that shows the presence of built-up areas. It was generated from the GHS-BUILT layer from the Global Human Settlement dataset (Corbane et al., 2019). Pixels values in the map are as follows: 0 = No urban area, 1 = Urban area.<br><br><em>References:</em><br>Corbane et al. (2019). Automated global delineation of human settlements from 40 years of Landsat satellite data archives. Big Earth Data 3, 140-169, https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2019.1625528</p> <p>Pekel et al. (2016). High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes. Nature, 540, 418-422, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20584</p>
Data from: Living in the city: urban environments shape the evolution of a native annual plant
Urban environments are warmer, have higher levels of atmospheric CO2, and altered patterns of disturbance and precipitation than nearby rural areas. These differences can be important for plant growth and are likely to create distinct selective environments. We planted a common garden experiment with seeds collected from natural populations of the native annual plant Lepidium virginicum, growing in five urban and nearby rural areas in the northern United States to determine whether and how urban populations differ from those from surrounding rural areas. When grown in a common environment, plants grown from seeds collected from urban areas bolted sooner, grew larger, had fewer leaves, had an extended time between bolting and flowering, and produced more seeds than plants grown from seeds collected from rural areas. Interestingly, the rural populations exhibited larger phenotypic differences from one another than urban populations. Surprisingly, genomic data revealed that the majority of individuals in each of the urban populations were more closely related to individuals from other urban populations than they were to geographically proximate rural areas – the one exception being urban and rural populations from New York which were nearly identical. Taken together our results suggest that selection in urban environments favors different traits than selection in rural environments and that these differences can drive adaptation and shape population structure.
Data from: Adaptive changes in sexual signaling in response to urbanization
Urbanization can cause species to adjust their sexual displays, as the effectiveness of mating signals is impacted by environmental conditions. Despite many examples showing that mating signals in urban conditions differ from those in rural conditions, we do not know whether these differences provide a combined reproductive and survival benefit to the urban phenotype. Here we show that male túngara frogs have increased the conspicuousness of their calls, which is under strong sexual and natural selection by signal receivers, as an adaptive response to city life. The urban phenotype consequently attracts more females than the forest phenotype, while avoiding the costs imposed by eavesdropping bats and midges, which we show are rare in urban areas. Finally, we show in a translocation experiment that urban frogs can reduce risk of predation and parasitism when moved to the forest, but that forest frogs do not increase their sexual attractiveness when moved to the city. Our findings thus reveal that urbanization can rapidly drive adaptive signal change via changes in both natural and sexual selection pressures.
Data from: Phenotypic selection on floral traits in an urban landscape
Native species are increasingly living in urban landscapes associated with abiotic and biotic changes that may influence patterns of phenotypic selection. However, measures of selection in urban and non-urban environments, and exploration of the mechanisms associated with such changes, are uncommon. Plant-animal interactions have played a central role in the evolution of flowering plants and are sensitive to changes in the urban landscape, and thus provide opportunities to explore how urban environments modify selection. We evaluated patterns of phenotypic selection on floral and resistance traits of Gelsemium sempervirens in urban and non-urban sites. The urban landscape had increased florivory and decreased pollen receipt, but showed only modest differences in patterns of selection. Directional selection for one trait, larger floral display size, was stronger in urban compared to non-urban sites. Neither quadratic nor correlational selection significantly differed between urban and non-urban sites. Pollination was associated with selection for larger floral display size in urban compared to non-urban sites, due to differences in the translation of pollination into seeds rather than pollinator selectivity. Thus, our data suggest that urban landscapes may not result in sweeping differences in phenotypic selection but rather modest differences for some traits, potentially mediated by species interactions.
Data from: Nitrogen fertilization differentially enhances nodulation and host growth of two invasive legume species in an urban environment
Invasive plants negatively impact native communities by altering ecosystem processes and reducing species diversity. Plants in the legume family are overrepresented among invasive taxa and establish in disturbed environments common in urban ecosystems. Mutualisms with rhizobia and anthropogenic activities, such as nitrogen fertilization, may be key mechanisms driving legume invasions of urban habitats. Moreover, legume species and genetic lineages within species may vary in their responses to nitrogen fertilization, making some more likely to invade than others. Despite this threat, it remains unclear whether nitrogen fertilization impacts mutualism and plant growth traits of invasive legumes in urban environments, and whether these effects depend on the genetic origin of invaders. We conducted a common garden experiment using two widespread, invasive legume species, Medicago sativa and Trifolium pratense, to test the effects of species, genetic origin of lineages within species, and nitrogen fertilization on the mutualism. Soil nitrogen was manipulated and effects on traits associated with the mutualism (nodule traits) and plant growth were quantified. Nitrogen fertilization improved nodule traits and host growth for both species, but M. sativa and certain genetic lineages of this species benefited more from fertilization than any of the tested T. pratense lineages. This work reveals how anthropogenic activities alter mutualism traits and plant growth in urban environments, potentially facilitating invasions by leguminous taxa. Because species and lineages varied in the strength of their responses to fertilization, over time some invading legumes may outcompete other plant species or lineages, leading to differential impacts on native communities in urban environments.
Data from: A place-based participatory mapping approach for assessing cultural ecosystem services in urban green space
1. Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) encompass a range of social, cultural and health benefits to local communities, for example recreation, spirituality, a sense of place and local identity. However, these complex and place-specific CES are often overlooked in rapid land management decisions and assessed using broad, top–down approaches. 2. We use the Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site-based Assessment (TESSA) to examine a novel approach to rapid assessment of local CES provision using inductive, participatory methods. We combined free-listing and participatory geographic information systems (GIS) techniques to quantify and map perceptions of current CES provision of an urban green space. The results were then statistically compared with those of a proposed alternative scenario with the aim to inform future decision-making. 3. By identifying changes in the spatial hotspots of CES in our study area, we revealed a spatially-specific shift toward positive sentiment regarding several CES under the alternative state with variance across demographic and stakeholder groups. Response aggregations in areas of proposed development reveal previously unknown stakeholder preferences to local decision-makers and highlight potential trade-offs for conservation management. Free-listed responses revealed deeper insight into personal opinion and context. 4. This work serves as a useful case study on how the perceptions and opinions of local people regarding local CES could be accounted for in the future planning of an urban greenspace and how thorough analysis of CES provision is important to fully-inform local-scale conservation and planning for the mutual benefit of local communities and nature.
Figure 4 in Notes on the bionomy of two spider wasp species in an urban forest fragment in Brazil
Figure 4. Nest of Auplopus cf. brasiliensis. The third cell broke during handling. Note the arrangement of the cells forming a cluster, the papillated surface suggesting the employment of several mud pellets to construct the cells. Scale bar = 0.5 cm.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.