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FIGURE 14 in Systematic revision of the Neotropical catfish genus Scleronema (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with descriptions of six new species from Pampa grasslands

FIGURE 14 | Scleronema milonga, new species, holotype (MCP 54165; 37.8 mm SL), Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Dezesseis de Novembro, arroio Lageado Araçá, rio Ijuí drainage, lower rio Uruguay.

FIGURE 3 in Systematic revision of the Neotropical catfish genus Scleronema (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with descriptions of six new species from Pampa grasslands

FIGURE 3 | Dorsal view of the autopalatine (au) and maxilla (ma) of Scleronema minutum (ZVC-P 12491) showing the arch-shaped process on its dorsal surface (black arrow). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 27 in Systematic revision of the Neotropical catfish genus Scleronema (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with descriptions of six new species from Pampa grasslands

FIGURE 27 | Specimen in life out of the water of Scleronema teiniagua (ZVCP 13763), Uruguay, Artigas, arroyo Catalán Grande at Paso Santiño, río Cuareim basin lower río Uruguay. Photograph taken by Sebastián Serra.

FIGURE 11 in Systematic revision of the Neotropical catfish genus Scleronema (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with descriptions of six new species from Pampa grasslands

FIGURE 11 | Specimens in life of Scleronema macanuda, new species, paratypes, (UFRGS 21635; A. 75.6 mm SL, B. 65.7 mm SL), Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Bagé, rio Piraí, tributary of rio Negro, lower rio Uruguay.

FIGURE 22 in Systematic revision of the Neotropical catfish genus Scleronema (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with descriptions of six new species from Pampa grasslands

FIGURE 22 | Specimen in life of Scleronema operculatum (UFRGS 18086; 42.3 mm SL), Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Rosário do Sul, sanga Santo Antônio, tributary to rio Ibicuí da Armada, lower rio Uruguay.

FIGURE 17 in Systematic revision of the Neotropical catfish genus Scleronema (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with descriptions of six new species from Pampa grasslands

FIGURE 17 | Scleronema minutum (MCP 17514; 39.8 mm SL), Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, São Lourenço do Sul, arroio São Lourenço, laguna dos Patos system.

Fig. 3 in Miniature catfishes of the genus Gelanoglanis (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): monophyly and the description of a new species from the upper rio Tapajós basin, Brazil

Fig. 3. Map of southeastern Amazon basin showing location of type locality of Gelanoglanis pan, 1 = rio Tapajós, 2 = rio Teles Pires, 3 = rio Juruena.

Fig. 2 in Miniature catfishes of the genus Gelanoglanis (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): monophyly and the description of a new species from the upper rio Tapajós basin, Brazil

Fig. 2. Gonopodium and osteology of the anal fin of an adult male of Gelanoglanis pan, holotype, 24.7 mm SL, MZUSP 114669, showing fusion of the proximal radials. DR = distal radials, G = gonopodium, PR = fused proximal radials, i-iii= anterior unbranched and unsegmented anal-fin rays. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 1. Gelanoglanis pan, MZUSP 114669 in Miniature catfishes of the genus Gelanoglanis (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): monophyly and the description of a new species from the upper rio Tapajós basin, Brazil

Fig. 1. Gelanoglanis pan, MZUSP 114669, holotype, male, 24.7 mm SL; Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Itaúba, rio Teles Pires, tributary to upper rio Tapajós basin; lateral views. Scale bar = 0.5 cm.

Fig. 4 in Miniature catfishes of the genus Gelanoglanis (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae): monophyly and the description of a new species from the upper rio Tapajós basin, Brazil

Fig. 4. Lateral view of the mandibular arch of Gelanoglanis pan, MZUSP 96032, paratype, 20.2 mm SL. AA = anguloarticular, D = dentary, PM = premaxilla, LC = subdivided autogenous laterosensory canal. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 17 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 17. Ossification of the median septum and tunica of the gas bladder in Tympanopleura piperata. (a) UF 181564 (33.5 mm SL), cleared/stained; (b) INHS 36738 (40.0 mm SL), nuptial male, radiograph. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Fig. 14 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 14. Tympanopleura longipinna, new species. Holotype, MZUSP 114000 (73.0 mm SL), female, rio Madeira, Rondônia State, Brazil.

Fig. 12 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 12. Distribution of Tympanopleura brevis based on material examined (squares; open square represents typelocality), T. cryptica (diamonds; open diamond represents type-locality), and both species in sympatry (open circles). Some symbols represent more than one lot or locality.

Fig. 10 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 10. Distribution of Tympanopleura atronasus based on material examined. Type-locality unknown. Some symbols represent more than one lot or locality.

Fig. 9 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 9. Tympanopleura atronasus. (a) INHS 106400 (96.4 mm SL), female, Rio Nanay, Loreto Region, Peru; (b) UF 185769 (89.4 mm SL, male), rio Amazonas, Amazonas State, Brazil.

Fig. 19 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 19. Distribution of Tympanopleura rondoni based on material examined. Open triangle indicates type-locality.

Fig. 16 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 16. Tympanopleura piperata. (a) ANSP 194022 (47.5 mm SL), female, rio Negro, Amazonas State, Brazil; (b) holotype, FMNH 53243 (ex. CM 1708; 47.3 mm SL), male, Essequibo River, Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region, Guyana, reproduced from Eigenmann (1912; originally cited as 64 mm TL).

Fig. 8 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 8. Scatter plots of principal component scores from sheared principal component analysis of 29 morphometric variables for: (a) all species of Tympanopleura combined, and two-way comparisons of (b) T. atronasus and T. cryptica, (c) T. brevis and T. cryptica, and (d) T. brevis and T. rondoni.

Fig. 6 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 6. Gas bladders of species of Tympanopleura in ventral view: (a) T. atronasus, INHS 106400 (79.9 mm SL); (b) T. atronasus, FMNH 93488 (107.3 mm SL); (c) T. brevis, SIUC 39913 (59.4 mm SL); (d) T. cryptica, INHS 40163 (60.5 mm SL); (e) T. longipinna, MZUSP 34417 (50.5 mm SL); (f) T. piperata, ANSP 194019 (42.5 mm SL); (g) T. rondoni. MZUSP 7862 (117.6 mm SL). Scale bars: a-e = 5 mm; f = 2 mm; g = 10 mm.

Fig. 4 in Revision of Tympanopleura Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) with description of two new species

Fig. 4. Neurocranium of Tympanopleura atronasus in ventral view, UF 185769 (91.0 mm SL). Jaw apparatus, gas bladder, and some dorsomedial cranial bones omitted. Abbreviations: boc, basioccipital; epo-p, posterior process of epioccipital; exo, exoccipital; let, lateral ethmoid; mes, mesethmoid; mr, Müllerian ramus; orb, orbitosphenoid; os, os suspensorium par, parasphenoid; pro, prootic; pto, pterotic; scl, posttemporal-supracleithrum; sph, sphenotic; tri, tripus; tsl, transcapular ligament; vom, vomer. Scale bar = 5 mm.