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FIG. 7 in Roman graves and rural rubbish. Animal remains from the Roman cemetery of Halbturn, Austria

FIG. 7. – Halbturn, weight (in kg) of determined animal remains from feature types.

FIG. 6 in Roman graves and rural rubbish. Animal remains from the Roman cemetery of Halbturn, Austria

FIG. 6. – Halbturn, NISP of animal remains from different feature types

FIG. 4 in Roman graves and rural rubbish. Animal remains from the Roman cemetery of Halbturn, Austria

FIG. 4. – Cemetery of Halbturn, distribution of pits.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Data from: Telemetry tails: A practical method for attaching animal-borne devices to small vertebrates in the field

Context. Continued miniaturisation of tracking technology increases its utility in animal applications. However, species morphology often dictates the type of animal-borne device (ABD) that can be used, and how it is attached. The morphology of species within Peramelemorphia preclude them from the standard collar attachment of ABDs for terrestrial mammals. Aims. This paper describes a method for the tail-mount attachment of ABDs, and deployment results for Peramelemorphia across arid, semi-arid, and temperate Australia to (a) test the performance of attachments and ABDs in the field, and, (b) discuss the animal welfare considerations for this attachment method. Methods. Tail-mount attachment of ABDs were field-tested on a total of 80 greater bilbies (Macrotis lagotis), and 14 long-nosed bandicoots (Perameles nasuta). Key results. Time to natural detachment (TTND) was between 2 and 52 days with 65.74% (142 of 216) remaining on until manual removal. For ABDs that were manually removed, attachments were retained for up to 94 days. The method used for tail-mount attachment of ABDs to long-nosed bandicoots resulted in significantly shorter TTND compared to the method used for bilbies, and environmental factors (high temperatures and rainfall) had a negative effect on TTND. Tail-mount attached global positioning system (GPS) sensors collected large quantities of accurate data with a maximum fix success rate of 83.38%. Damage to GPS (antenna breakage and water ingress) during deployment, however, impacted performance. In environments with frequent rainfall and waterlogged soils, the tape on a small proportion (6.25%) of (n = 192) attachments to bilbies caused tail injury. All injuries were resolvable with most requiring minimal to no veterinary intervention. Key conclusions. Attachment longevity can be affected by how the ABD is mounted to the tail, the species, and the deployment environment. The environment can also affect which adhesive tapes are suitable for ABD attachment. However, this method is highly modifiable, practical for field application, and can have long retention times relative to other temporary methods. Implications. This ABD tail-mount attachment method adds another tool to the telemetry tool-kit, with all the benefits of a low-tech, low-cost, passive drop-off type attachment. This method has demonstrated practicality for Peramelemorphia, with potential application to other suitable small vertebrates.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Contributions of wild and provisioned foods to the diets of domestic cats that depredate wild animals

Predation of wildlife by domestic cats Felis catus presents a threat to biodiversity conservation in some ecological contexts. The proportions of wild prey captured and eaten by domestic cats and thus the contributions of wild prey to cat diets are hard to quantify. This limits understanding of any impacts of cats may have on wild animal populations and confounds analyses of the effects of interventions aimed at reducing wildlife killing. We used stable isotope analyses to quantify the relative contributions of wild and provisioned foods to the diets of domestic cats kept as companion animals and which frequently captured wild prey. We tested the effects of treatments aimed at reducing killing upon stable isotope ratios of cat whiskers and, where treatments had significant effects, we estimated variation in the contributions of wild prey to cats' diets before and during treatment. We evaluated bells, Birdsbesafe collar covers, provision of food in a 'puzzle feeder', provision of food in which meat was the principal source of protein, object play and a control group. As expected, cat diets consisted primarily of provisioned foods, though the contribution of wild animals to the diets of these cats, all of which regularly caught wild animals, was low (cat food ~96%, wild animals ~3–4%). Compared to the pre-treatment period and control group, cats with a Birdsbesafe collar cover, exhibited significant reduction in nitrogen stable isotope ratios in their whiskers and consumed less wild prey, most likely attributable to effective inhibition of hunting, particularly for birds. Fitting cats with a Birdsbesafe collar cover, therefore, reduced both returns of wild birds and consumption of wild prey. While multiple interventions can significantly affect the numbers of wild animals that cats capture and return home, the remarkably small dietary contributions made by wild animal prey mean dietary change is harder to discern. Domestic cats rely almost exclusively on food provided by people even when they frequently kill wild animals. This suggests that the hunting behavior of domestic cats may be driven by behavioral motivations, or by a need to address micronutrient requirements, but is unlikely to alter macronutrient intake.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Use of the Animal Welfare Assessment Grid to monitor the ef-fects of enrichment on macaque welfare.

The data pubished relates to a research project that was undertaken to identify the effect of novel enrichments on the welfare of rhesus macaques housed in a breeding facility in the UK.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Supplementary animation of the article by Khaykin et al. Persistence of moist plumes from overshooting convection in the Asian monsoon anticyclone""

Back trajectories released at B7 point of StratoClim Geophysica flight F7

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Animal personality drives individual dietary specialisation across multiple dimensions in a mammalian herbivore

1. Animal personality influences how individuals perceive and react to different stimuli, such as food quality and predation risk, thereby shaping foraging behaviour. As a consequence, animal personality is predicted to influence the diet and dietary specialisation of individuals within a population, but animal personality and dietary specialisation have yet to be linked. 2. Here, we tested whether individual diet and dietary specialisation are a function of animal personality, using an arboreal herbivore, the common brushtail possum, as a model species. We hypothesised that pro-active individuals have more diverse foraging opportunities than reactive individuals. We therefore predicted that pro-active animals (more exploratory, bold and more active) would be less specialised, with a broader and higher-quality diet than their reactive counterparts. We quantified the personality traits and dietary niche using proportional similarity index and specialisation categories of possums (n = 30) in a population flanking native eucalypt woodland and residential gardens in suburban Sydney, Australia. 3. We found that personality traits were related to the breadth and quality of the realised diets of individual possums. As predicted, proactive individuals had a broad, high-quality diet with less individual dietary specialisation than reactive individuals. Highly exploratory individuals had a more diverse diet than less exploratory individuals, and bold individuals were more likely than shy individuals to consume plants on the ground. 4. Our study demonstrates an important link between animal personality and individual dietary specialisation. The finding that the personality of individuals is associated with different diet choices within the same landscape is fundamentally significant. First, personality as a driver of niche partitioning likely reduces within-species competition and hence could contribute to adaptive capacity. Second, the strength of ecological processes arising from interactions (e.g. predator-prey and plant-herbivore interactions) could differ among individuals according to their personality traits. 5. Our findings are also relevant for effectively managing both threatened native, and invasive species. Management strategies will be improved by incorporating knowledge of individual traits and their ecological consequences, plus the ecological context of food- and fear-scapes.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Sexual selection and sexual size dimorphism in animals

Sexual selection is often considered as a critical evolutionary force promoting sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in animals. However, empirical evidence for a positive relationship between sexual selection on males and male-biased SSD received mixed support depending on the studied taxonomic group and on the method used to quantify sexual selection. Here, we present a meta-analytic approach accounting for phylogenetic non-independence to test how standardized metrics of the opportunity and strength of pre-copulatory sexual selection relate to SSD across a broad range of animal taxa comprising up to 95 effect sizes from 59 species. We found that SSD based on length measurements was correlated with the sex difference in the opportunity for sexual selection but showed a weak and statistically non-significant relationship with the sex difference in the Bateman gradient. These findings suggest that pre-copulatory sexual selection plays a limited role for the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in a broad phylogenetic context.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Memory drives the formation of animal home ranges: evidence from a reintroduction -- dataset

Publicly available dataset for: N. Ranc, F. Cagnacci & P.R. Moorcroft. In Press. Memory drives the formation of animal home ranges: evidence from a reintroduction. Ecology Letters.   The dataset contains the following fields: - animal_id: unique roe deer identifier. - x: x position (spatial projection system: LAEA Europe, EPSG 3035; relative to the origin of the environmental rasters; missing data indicated by -9999). - y: y position.   The modelling code and instructions can be found a separate Zenodo/GitHub repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5208215).

FIG. 6 in Animal Management, preparation and sacrifice: reconstructing burial 6 at the Moon Pyramid, Teotihuacan, México

FIG. 6. — Anatomical elements present on an eagle, Element 2193.

FIG. 4 in Animal Management, preparation and sacrifice: reconstructing burial 6 at the Moon Pyramid, Teotihuacan, México

FIG. 4. — Cutmarks on the distal articular surface of the tibiotarsus of an eagle, Element 1962.

FIG. 5. — A in Animal Management, preparation and sacrifice: reconstructing burial 6 at the Moon Pyramid, Teotihuacan, México

FIG. 5. — A, Modern taxidermically prepared specimen; B and C, surface modifications on the skull.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2021View details →

Aquatic animal antimicrobial resistance trends dataset and R code

First release of aquatic animal AMR R scripts and dataset accompanying "Twenty-year trends in antimicrobial resistance from aquaculture and fisheries in Asia" (doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25655-8)

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2021View details →

paperChain - Video Animation - Circular Case 2 (SPAIN)

This animation video summarises in approximately two minutes the most relevant results of the implementation of paperChain's Circular Case.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Animation of Sentinel-3 aerosol optical depth over Europe in 2019.

Animation of Sentinel-3 aerosol optical depth over Europe in 2019. 14 day averages. Left: Sentinel-3 Synergy land product. Middle: Machine learning based retrieval. Right: POPCORN post-process corrected aerosol optical depth.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2000View details →

Fig. 3. Hortipes contubernalis, new species. Living animal devouring a in Hortipes, A Huge Genus Of Tiny Afrotropical Spiders (Araneae, Liocranidae)

Fig. 3. Hortipes contubernalis, new species. Living animal devouring a collembolan.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Horses - Appendix B: Excel file with all data extracted

Information on all the full-text studies that were assessed, including the reason for exclusion for those that were excluded at the full-text screening and the data extracted from the included studies, can be consulted here.  The extensive literature review was carried out by the University of Copenhagen under the contract OC/EFSA/ALPHA/2020/02 – LOT 1 (https://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:457654-2020:TEXT:EN:HTML)

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Data for: Whole Animal Feed FLat (WAFFL): A complete and comprehensive validation of a novel high-throughput fly experimentation system

Non-mammalian model organisms have been essential for our understanding of the mechanisms that control development, disease, and physiology, but they are underutilized in pharmacological and toxicological phenotypic screening assays due to their low throughput in comparison with cell-based screens. To increase the utility of using Drosophila melanogaster in screening, we designed the Whole Animal Feeding FLat (WAFFL), a novel, flexible, and complete system for feeding, monitoring, and assaying flies in a high-throughput format. Our 3-D printed system is compatible with inexpensive and readily available, commercial 96-well plate consumables and equipment. Experimenters can change the diet at will during the experiment and video record for behavior analysis, enabling precise dosing, measurement of feeding, and analysis of behavior in 96-well plate format.