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2,863 results for “Challenge”
Agile Challenges and Dimension
<p>This is a complete subset of challenges considered in our study. We are making it available because in our paper (Challenges in Agile Transformation Journey - A Qualitative Study) we had a limit of pages.</p>
Building on challenges hindering practical use of smell concept: a systematic review (80 primary studies from 2002-2019)
<p>Data set of the research: Extending a systematic review on code smell effect: outlining catalogues, investigated smells and building on tool-related bias (80 primary studies from 2002-2019)</p>
Dataset for systematic mapping literature about STEAM through Challenge-Based Learning, Robotics and Physical Devices
<p>This is the public dataset for the systematic mapping literature review performed for the paper "Fostering STEAM through Challenge-Based Learning, Robotics and Physical Devices: A systematic mapping literature review".</p> <p>Related to activity O2.A1 of the RoboSTEAM European Project.</p>
[2019 QSM Reconstruction Challenge] Metrics and Submission Information
<p>This repository contains information about submitted solutions and resulting analysis metrics of the 2019 Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Reconstruction Challenge. The original susceptibility maps submitted for participation in the challenge are available <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687342">here</a> and <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3688703">here</a>.</p> <p>The package contains seven Comma-Separated Values (CSV) files and two PDF files:</p> <ul> <li><em>master_stage1_anonymized.csv</em>: Results of stage 1 of the challenge at the time of presentation at the workshop (fully-blinded);</li> <li><em>master_stage2_snr1_anonymized.csv</em>: Results of stage 2 of the challenge using the high noise dataset at the time of presentation at the workshop (fully-blinded);</li> <li><em>master_stage2_snr2_anonymized.csv</em>: Results of stage 2 of the challenge using the low noise dataset at the time of presentation at the workshop (fully-blinded);</li> <li><em>submission_form_stage1.pdf</em>: PDF export of the online form used in stage 1;</li> <li><em>submission_form_stage2.pdf</em>: PDF export of the online form used in stage 2.</li> </ul> <p>For the manuscript, we analyzed these CSV files with scripts reported <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4559540">here</a>.</p> <p>Each csv file contains metrics for all submitted solutions along with detailed information about the algorithm used, provided by the participant at the time of submission. The very first record in each file is a header containing a list of field names:</p> <ul> <li><em>normalized rmse</em>: Whole-brain root-mean-squared error relative to ground truth;</li> <li><em>rmse_detrend_tissue</em>: Root-mean-squared error relative to ground truth (after detrending) in grey and white matter mask;</li> <li><em>rmse_detrend_blood</em>: Root-mean-squared error relative to ground truth (after detrending) using a one-pixel dilated vein mask;</li> <li><em>rmse_detrend_DGM</em>: Root-mean-squared error relative to ground truth (after detrending) in a deep gray matter mask (substantia nigra & subthalamic nucleus, red nucleus, dentate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus and caudate);</li> <li><em>DeviationFromLinearSlope</em>: Absolute difference between the slope of the average value of the six deep gray matter regions vs. the prescribed mean value and 1.0;</li> <li><em>CalcStreak</em>: Estimation of the impact of the streaking artifact in a region of interest surrounding the calcification through the standard deviation of the difference map between reconstruction and the ground truth;</li> <li><em>DeviationFromCalcMoment</em>: Absolute deviation from the volumetric susceptibility moment of the reconstructed calcification, compared to the ground truth (computed at in the high-resolution model);</li> <li><em>Submission Identifier</em>: Self-chosen unique identifier of the submission;</li> <li><em>Submission Identifier of the corresponding Stage 1 submission</em>: This is the Submission Identifier of the solution submitted to Stage 2 that was calculated with a similar algorithm in Stage 1;</li> <li><em>Changes with respect to Stage 1 submission</em>: Self-reported information about modifications made to the algorithm for Stage 2;</li> <li><em>Number of submissions in Stage 2</em>: The number of solutions that were submitted to Stage 2 with a similar algorithm;</li> <li><em>Sim1/Sim2</em>: Filename of the submitted solutions for Stage 1;</li> <li><em>File name of the zip-file you are going to upload</em>: Filename of the file uploaded to Stage 2;</li> <li><em>Full name of the algorithm</em>: Self-reported full name of the algorithm used;</li> <li><em>Preferred Acronym</em>: Self-reported acronym of the algorithm used;</li> <li><em>Algorithm-type</em>: Self-reported type of algorithm used;</li> <li><em>Does your algorithm incorporate information derived from magnitude images?</em>: Self-reported Yes/No;</li> <li><em>Regularization terms</em>: Self-reported types of regularization terms involved;</li> <li><em>Did your algorithm use the provided frequency map or the four individual echo phase images?</em>: Self-reported information about involved magnitude information;</li> <li><em>Publication-ready description of the reconstruction technique</em>: Self-reported description of the algorithm;</li> <li><em>Publications that describe the algorithm</em>: Self-reported literature reference;</li> <li><em>Algorithm publicly available?</em>: Self-reported public availability of the algorithm;</li> <li><em>If your algorithm is not yet publicly available, would you be willing to make it available at the end of the challenge?</em>: Self-reported willingness to share the algorithm code with the public;</li> <li><em>Specific information about this solution</em>: Self-reported detailed information about the solution;</li> <li><em>Herewith, I permit the QSM Challenge committee to publish my uploaded files (calculated maps) after the completion of the challenge</em>: Self reported agreement with publication of submitted solution;</li> <li><em>Ground truth was not explicitly or implicitly incorporated into your algorithm or solution</em>: Self-reported confirmation that the ground truth was not incorporated in the solution.</li> </ul>
Data from: Physician champions' perspectives and practices on electronic health records implementation: challenges and strategies
<p><span><span><span><b>Objective: </b>Physician champions are "boots on the ground" physician leaders who facilitate the implementation of, and transition to, new health information technology (HIT) systems within an organization. They are commonly cited as key personnel in HIT implementations, yet little research has focused on their practices and perspectives. </span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b>Methods: </b>We addressed this research gap through a qualitative study of physician champions that aimed to capture their challenges and strategies during a large-scale HIT implementation. Email interviews were conducted with 45 physician champions from diverse clinical areas five months after a new electronic health record (EHR) system went live in a large academic medical center. We adopted a grounded theory approach to analyze the data.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b>Results: </b>Our physician champion participants reported multiple challenges, including insufficient training, limited at-the-elbow support, unreliable communication with leadership and the EHR vendor, as well as flawed system design. To overcome these challenges, physician champions developed their own personalized training programs in a simulated context or in the live environment, sought and obtained more at-the-elbow support both internally and externally, and adapted their departmental sociotechnical context to make the system work better.</span></span></span></p> <p><b>Discussion and Conclusion: </b>This study identified the challenges physician champions faced and the strategies they developed to overcome these challenges. Our findings suggest<b> </b>factors that are crucial to the successful involvement of physician champions in HIT implementations, including the availability of instrumental (e.g., reward for efforts), emotional (e.g., mechanisms for expressing frustrations), and peer support; ongoing engagement with the champions; and appropriate training and customization planning.</p>
glucose challenge data in pigs
<p>Data set from an experiment where catheterised Iberian (obese breed) and Landrace (lean breed) pigs of the same weight were challenged intraarteriously with a glucose load. Blood samples were serially taken for 180min and analyzed for glucose, insulin, lactate, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, albumin and urea. Insulin sensitivity indices were calculated and analysed.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Brock KC, Daehler CC (2020) Applying an invasion and risk framework to track non-native island floras: a case study of challenges and solutions in Hawai'i. In: Wilson JR, Bacher S, Daehler CC, Groom QJ, Kumschick S, Lockwood JL, Robinson TB, Zengeya TA, Richardson DM. NeoBiota 62: 55-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.52764
Guidance on the status confidence rating and adapting a regional checklist to track invasion statuses
Empirical and methodological challenges to the model-based inference of diversification rates in extinct clades
<p>Changes in speciation and extinction rates are key to the dynamics of clade diversification, but attempts to infer them from phylogenies of extant species face challenges. Methods capable of synthesizing information from extant and fossil species have yielded novel insights into diversification rate variation through time, but little is known about their behavior when analyzing entirely extinct clades. Here, we use empirical and simulated data to assess how two popular methods, PyRate and Fossil BAMM, perform in this setting. We inferred the first tip-dated trees for ornithischian dinosaurs, and combined them with fossil occurrence data to test whether the clade underwent an end-Cretaceous decline. We then simulated phylogenies and fossil records under empirical constraints to determine whether macroevolutionary and preservation rates can be teased apart under paleobiologically realistic conditions. We obtained discordant inferences about ornithischian macroevolution including a long-term speciation rate decline (BAMM), mostly flat rates with (PyRate) or without (BAMM) a steep diversification drop, and episodes of implausibly accelerated speciation and extinction (PyRate). Simulations revealed little to no conflation between speciation and preservation, but yielded spuriously correlated speciation and extinction estimates while time-smearing tree-wide shifts (BAMM) or overestimating their number (PyRate). Our results indicate that the small phylogenetic datasets available to vertebrate paleontologists and the assumptions made by current model-based methods combine to hinder inferences about the diversification of extinct clades. We provide guidelines for interpreting the results of the existing approaches in light of their limitations, and suggest how the latter may be mitigated.</p>
DIC performance for huge strains: The X-Strain DIC Challenge (GeM/ECN batch images)
<p>There are in this repository <strong>2 sets of images </strong>of flat elastomeric membranes that are severely deformed (up to several hundred % deformation). A speckle and dots have been deposited on the membranes in order to perform image analysis and measure the deformation fields. The document ’<em>Large_strain_images.pdf’</em> explains how the images were obtained. These images can be used as a benchmark for digital image correlation codes in case of very large deformations (i.e. The X-Strain DIC Challenge, <a href="http://sem.org/dicchallenge">https://sem.org/dicchallenge</a>).</p> <ul> <li>First set of images : 360 bmp images of size 38.8 Mo (<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/dbac452a-e701-4b5d-b05c-edafa7e442c8/20190926.zip">20190926.zip</a>)</li> <li>Second set of images : 820 bmp images of size 32.5 Mo (<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/dbac452a-e701-4b5d-b05c-edafa7e442c8/20191220.zip">20191220.zip</a>) </li> <li>Technical data sheet of the materials (<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/dbac452a-e701-4b5d-b05c-edafa7e442c8/Data_sheet.zip">Data_sheet.zip</a>)</li> <li>A technical report on how the images where obtained (<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/dbac452a-e701-4b5d-b05c-edafa7e442c8/Large_strain_Images.pdf">Large_strain_Images.pdf</a>)</li> </ul>
Temperature-mediated plasticity in incubation schedules is unlikely to evolve to buffer embryos from climatic challenges in a seasonal songbird
<p>Phenotypic plasticity is hypothesised to facilitate adaptive responses to challenging conditions, such as those resulting from climate change. However, the key predictions of this 'rescue hypothesis', that variation in plasticity exists and can evolve to buffer unfavourable conditions, remain rare. Here, we investigate among-female variation in temperature-mediated plasticity of incubation schedules and consequences for egg temperatures using the chestnut-crowned babbler (<i>Pomatostomus ruficeps</i>) from temperate regions of inland south-eastern Australia. Given phenological advances in this seasonal breeder and thermal requirements of developing embryos (> ~25 °C, optimally ~38 °C), support for evolutionary rescue - perhaps paradoxically - requires that plasticity serves to buffer embryos more from sub-optimally low temperatures. We found significant variation in the duration of incubation bouts (mean ± SD = 27 ± 22 min) and foraging bouts (mean ± SD = 17 ± 11 min) in this maternal-only incubator. However, these patterns arose because of variation in the extent to which mothers increased on- and off-bout durations when temperatures (0-36 °C) were more favourable rather than unfavourable as required under rescue. In addition, there was a strong positive intercept-slope correlation in on-bout durations, indicating that those with stronger plastic responses incubated more at average temperatures (~19 °C). Combined, these effects reduced the functional significance of plastic responses: an individual's plasticity was neither associated with daily contributions to incubation (i.e. attentiveness) nor average egg temperatures. Our results highlight that despite significant among-individual variation in environmental-sensitivity, plasticity in parental care traits need not evolve to facilitate buffering against unfavourable conditions.</p>
Replication package for "An Industrial Study on the Challenges and Effects of Diversity-based Testing in Continuous Integration"
<p>This is the replication package for the analysis done in the paper "An Industrial Study on the Challenges and Effects of Diversity-based Testing in Continuous Integration".</p> <p>The package includes: (i) CSV files with data on test case and corresponding feature coverage, as well as test execution data; (ii) CSV files including failure coverage for the executed techniques; (iii) R scripts to re-run our visual and statistical analysis when comparing techniques results; and (iv) An R Markdown file (rendered into HTML) detailing the steps of our analysis with the coresponding code.</p>
PlosONE: The challenge of learning a new language in adulthood: Evidence from a multi-methodological neuroscientific approach
<p>This data set for the publication "The challenge of learning a new language in adulthood: Evidence from a multi-methodological neuroscientific approach" in PlosONE (2021) comprises:</p> <p>EEG: Event-related brain potential data (single subjects, microvolt values, regions of interest) for both correctly identified and correctly and incorrectly identified (merged) pseudoword-picture pairings (PPP) for learned as well as new PPPs for time windows 650-800 and 800-1300 ms.</p> <p>fNIRS: oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb data (single subjects, beta values, regions of interest) for both correctly identified and correctly and incorrectly identified (merged) pseudoword-picture pairings (PPP) for learned as well as new PPPs</p> <p>Behavioral data: Task Performance during the recognition experiment (reaction times for and percentage of correctly identified learned and new PPPs)</p> <p> </p>
Collision Avoidance Challenge dataset
<p>The Collision Avoidance Challenge dataset is the official dataset used during the <strong>ESA's Kelvins</strong> <strong>competition for "Collision Avoidance Challenge"</strong>. The dataset is a collection of Conjunction Data Messages (CDMs) received by ESA from 2015 to 2019. The CDMs have been anonymised for distribution. The initial raw data, as well as the labels that were kept private during the competition, are also released.<br> ESA thanks the US Space Surveillance Network for the provision of surveillance data supporting safe operations of ESA’s spacecraft. In addition, we are grateful to the agreement which allows to publicly release the current dataset.</p> <p>The dataset is represented as a table, where each row corresponds to a single CDM, and each CDM contains 103 recorded characteristics/features. There are thus 103 columns, which are described in the competition pages. The dataset is made of several unique collision/close approach events, which are identified in the <code>event_id</code> column. In turn, each collision event is made of several CDMs recorded over time. Therefore, a single collision event can be thought of as a times series of CDMs. From these CDMs, for every collision event, we are interested in predicting the final risk which is computed in the last CDM of the time series (i.e. the risk value in the last row of each collision event).</p> <p>For a detailed description on the challenge and this dataset, visit <a href="https://kelvins.esa.int/collision-avoidance-challenge/data/">kelvins.esa.int/collision-avoidance-challenge/data/</a>.</p> <p>The paper describing the competition setup and result can be found at <a href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.03069.pdf">arxiv.org/pdf/2008.03069.pdf</a>.</p>
Communication Challenges in adopting scrum methodology in research-based projects
<p>The folder contains three other folders, one has the questionnaire question, the second one has participants' answers to the questionnaire, and the last one has data analysis files for the questionnaire. </p>
Data from: How to survive a glaciation: the challenge of estimating biologically realistic potential distributions under freezing conditions
Correlative ecological niche models are increasingly used to estimate potential distributions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) for biogeographical research. In the case of presence-background/pseudoabsences techniques, cold environments that are poorly represented in existing geography can complicate the process of model calibration and transfer into more extreme cold environments that were very common during the LGM (non-analog conditions). This may lead to biologically unrealistic estimations. Using one cold-adapted North American mammal, we explore a real scenario to better understand the effect of restricting the range of environmental conditions over which niche models are calibrated and then transferred to LGM conditions. We performed two sets of experiments in MAXENT: (1) we calibrated models in the context of only present‐day climate conditions, which is the most common practice, and compared predictions under LGM conditions based on two extrapolation methods (clamping vs unconstrained); (2) we calibrated single models using both present‐day and LGM conditions as part of the same background in order to include more extreme environments in the model calibration. Our experiments led to dramatically different estimates of species' potential distributions, showing notable differences with respect to latitudinal and elevational shifts during the LGM. Models calibrated using present‐day climates yielded biologically unrealistic estimations, suggesting that species survived in the glaciers during the LGM. Even more unrealistic estimations were achieved when clamping was enforced as the method to extrapolate. Models calibrated in the context of both modern and past climates reduced the required degree of extrapolation and allowed more realistic potential distributions, suggesting that the species avoided extremely cold conditions during the LGM. This study alerts to the possibility of obtaining implausible potential distributions during the LGM due to restricted background datasets and offers recommendations that should promote better strategies to estimate distributional changes during glaciations.
Data from: Anticipating arrival: tackling the national challenges associated with the redistribution of biodiversity driven by climate change
1. The redistribution of species in response to climate change is expected to significantly challenge environmental management and conservation efforts around the globe. To date, we have had restricted understanding of the benefits and risks that species redistribution may pose to individual countries, and a limited appreciation of the variability in current opportunities for developing effective monitoring approaches that build on existing national frameworks. 2. To assess the present level of ecological, economical and societal risks and opportunities associated with new arrivals driven by changes in climatic conditions, we conducted a review of the available information on climate driven changes in animal species (both terrestrial and marine) composition and distribution in the United Kingdom over the past ten years (2008-2018). 3. We found evidence that at least 55 species have colonised new locations in the country due to climate change in past decade, with 22 of them suspected to impact positively or negatively the receiving ecosystems and/or nearby human communities. Ten of these 55 species were identified thanks to social media. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our work identifies pressing monitoring gaps relevant to the management of species on the move and discusses the potential for social media to help address current information needs. It also calls for more theoretical work to enable the quick identification of species likely to be problematic (or beneficial) and locations likely to experience significant ecological and societal impacts from biodiversity's redistribution under a changing climate.
Data from: The challenges of resolving a rapid, recent radiation: empirical and simulated phylogenomics of Philippine shrews
Phylogenetic relationships in recent, rapid radiations can be difficult to resolve due to incomplete lineage sorting and reliance on genetic markers that evolve slowly relative to the rate of speciation. By incorporating hundreds to thousands of unlinked loci, phylogenomic analyses have the potential to mitigate these difficulties. Here, we attempt to resolve phylogenetic relationships among eight shrew species (genus Crocidura) from the Philippines, a phylogenetic problem that has proven intractable with small (< 10 loci) data sets. We sequenced hundreds of ultraconserved elements and whole mitochondrial genomes in these species and estimated phylogenies using concatenation, summary coalescent, and hierarchical coalescent methods. The concatenated approach recovered a maximally supported and fully resolved tree. In contrast, the coalescent-based approaches produced similar topologies, but each had several poorly supported nodes. Using simulations, we demonstrate that the concatenated tree could be positively misleading. Our simulations also show that the tree shape we tend to infer, which involves a series of short internal branches, is difficult to resolve, even if substitution models are known and multiple individuals per species are sampled. As such, the low support we obtained for backbone relationships in our coalescent-based inferences reflects a real and appropriate lack of certainty. Our results illuminate the challenges of estimating a bifurcating tree in a rapid and recent radiation, providing a rare empirical example of a nearly simultaneous series of speciation events in a terrestrial animal lineage as it spreads across an oceanic archipelago.
Data from: Phylogenetic ANOVA: group-clade aggregation, biological challenges, and a refined permutation procedure
Phylogenetic regression is frequently utilized in macroevolutionary studies, and its statistical properties have been thoroughly investigated. By contrast, phylogenetic ANOVA has received relatively less attention, and the conditions leading to incorrect statistical and biological inferences when comparing multivariate phenotypes among groups remains under-explored. Here we propose a refined method of randomizing residuals in a permutation procedure (RRPP) for evaluating phenotypic differences among groups while conditioning the data on the phylogeny. We show that RRPP displays appropriate statistical properties for both phylogenetic ANOVA and regression models, and for univariate and multivariate datasets. For ANOVA, we find that RRPP exhibits higher statistical power than methods utilizing phylogenetic simulation. Additionally, we investigate how group dispersion across the phylogeny affects inferences, and reveal that highly aggregated groups generate strong and significant correlations with the phylogeny, which reduce statistical power and subsequently affect biological interpretations. We discuss the broader implications of this phylogenetic group aggregation, and its relation to challenges encountered with other comparative methods where one or a few transitions in discrete traits are observed on the phylogeny. Finally, we recommend that phylogenetic comparative studies of continuous trait data utilize RRPP for assessing the significance of indicator variables as sources of trait variation.
SAMPL7 Blind Challenge : Quantum-Mechanical Prediction of Partition Coefficients and Acid Dissociation Constants for Small Drug-like Molecules
<p>Global minima structures of <em>N</em>-acyl sulfonamides and sulfonamides derivatives (B3LYP-D3/6-311+G(d,p)) in gas phase.</p>
Data from: Diversity increases with elevation: empidine dance flies (Diptera, Empididae) challenge a predominant pattern
Tropical mountain forests are important reservoirs of biodiversity. They are usually species rich and often support endemic species making them prime targets for conservation effort. The aim of this study is to investigate elevational patterns of species diversity and phenology in order to provide a meaningful understanding of insects' spatio-temporal distributions along a tropical gradient of elevation. Our study focuses on the Empidinae communities (Diptera, Empididae) from Doi Inthanon (north Thailand, gradient 400–2556 m.a.s.l), sampled during two entire years (2006–2007, 2014). This group of insects is more diverse in temperate localities than in the tropics and we found that (1) increase in altitude and latitude has a similar effect, so that the diversity of our model increases with elevation, (2) the phenology is strongly influenced by seasonality with a peak of diversity occurring during the transition between the dry and rainy seasons, (3) there is no phenological shift in the diversity peak with elevations, (4) the species composition changes along the altitudinal gradient and through the year (high beta diversity). The increase of diversity with increasing elevation and the peak of diversity occuring at the transitional period both strongly coincide with abiotic factors, the decreasing temperature and the arrival of the monsoon, respectively.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.