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1,188 results for “DELTA”
Pre-Delta-X: UAVSAR-derived Water Level Change Maps, Atchafalaya Basin, LA, USA, 2016
This dataset contains five maps of cumulative changes in water levels at 30-minute intervals over a 150-minute period on 2016-10-16 in the Atchafalaya Basin in Southern Louisiana, USA, within the Mississippi River Delta (MRD) floodplain. Water surface elevations were measured on six flights at 30-minute intervals, with the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR), a polarimetric L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) flown on the NASA Gulfstream-III aircraft. The five georeferenced maps at 6 m resolution show the cumulative change of water levels (cm) every 30 minutes relative to the first sampling flight. These Level 3 maps were generated using the InSAR time series Small Baseline Subsets (SBAS) algorithm implemented in the Generic InSAR Analysis Toolbox (GIAnT) toolbox and served to evaluate and compare hydrodynamic models.
Alaska's Changing YK Delta: Knowledge Exchange between Elders and Geoscientists, 2018
This dataset provides a booklet documenting the discussions and outcomes from a knowledge-exchange meeting with Yup'ik elders from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), western Alaska, community members, and natural scientist to discuss landscape and weather changes that have been observed in their homelands. The meeting was held during November 14-16, 2018. Yup'ik participants represented several YKD villages that occupy very different biophysical environments, and they have lifelong perspectives of environmental conditions and change that predate the era of Earth-observing satellites by many decades. Nearly 16 hours of discussion and testimonials from YKD elders were recorded during the meeting. The booklet is structured according to the environmental change processes that were discussed (e.g., coastal flooding, permafrost thaw, shrub expansion, climate change) and includes narrative summaries, quotations from participants, graphical illustrations, and examples of the field- and remote-sensing-based scientific findings, and map products developed as part of the larger ABoVE project.
Delta-X: UAVSAR L3 Water Level Changes, MRD, Louisiana, 2021
This dataset contains georeferenced InSAR-derived water level change maps for Delta-X flight lines acquired during the spring (2021-03-27 to 2021-04-18) and fall (2021-09-03 to 2021-09-13) deployments. Water-level change observations are provided throughout wetlands of the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne Basins, in Southern Louisiana, USA, within the Mississippi River Delta (MRD). The data were collected by Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR), a polarimetric L-band synthetic aperture radar flown on the NASA Gulfstream-III (C20) aircraft as part of the Delta-X campaign. Water surface elevations were measured on multiple flights at 30-minute intervals. There are three types of gridded products available: temporalcoherence (which provide an index measuring quality of phase unwrapping ranging from 0 (poor) to 1 (correctly unwrapped)), waterlevelchange in centimeters (which provide cumulative changes in water levels at approximately 30-minute intervals), and waterlevelchange_ramp in centimeters (which provide a 2-dimensional linear trend in water-level estimates not related to changing water levels). The water-level change maps were estimated using the phase unwrapping corrected interferograms generated for nearest-neighbor (NN), NN+1, and NN+2 pairs for data acquired within a single flight (one day). This analysis was done for all flight lines. Water level changes are relative to the first sampling flight for that study area. Data quality was assessed by comparing water elevation estimates with data from in situ water level gauges throughout the study area. A series of quality assurance masks of troposphere-induced phase delay regions were generated for all SAR acquisition dates using a weather feature matching algorithm.
Delta-X: Belowground Biomass and Necromass across Wetlands, MRD, LA, USA, 2021, V2
This dataset contains total belowground biomass (BGB) and necromass (BGN), and total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus content of samples collected from herbaceous wetlands in the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins of the Mississippi River Delta in southeastern coastal Louisiana, U.S., during March and August 2021. The data were collected during the Delta-X Spring and Fall deployments. Field measurements were conducted at three sites in the Atchafalaya basin and three sites in the Terrebonne basin. Five of the sites are adjacent to sites from the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS). The other site is located in Wax Lake Delta (WLD) without appropriate adjacent CRMS sites. Herbaceous wetland sites in both basins were chosen to represent a salinity gradient including freshwater, brackish, and saline ecosystems. Root biomass samples were collected using a gouge soil auger.
Delta-X: AVIRIS-NG L1B Spectral Radiance Products, MRD, Louisiana, 2021
This dataset provides Level 1B (L1B) radiance products from NASA's Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer- Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) instrument acquired over the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins of the Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana, USA during two deployments; spring and fall of 2021. All flights were flown on a Dynamic Aviation King Air B200. There are a combined 200 total flight lines for the spring and fall 2021 deployments; spring 2021 had 75 flight lines, fall 2021 had 175 flight lines. AVIRIS-NG measures reflected radiance at 5-nanometer (nm) intervals in the visible to shortwave infrared spectral range between 380 and 2510 nm. Level 1B data are orthorectified calibrated radiance values in units of spectral radiance in which raw digital numbers (DNs) are translated to units of radiant intensity measured at the sensor. Measurements are radiometrically and geometrically calibrated and provided at approximately 5-meter spatial resolution, dependent on aircraft altitude. Additional flight line files include band information of observational geometry and illumination parameters, as well as geographic pixel locations and elevation. These L1B data are provided in ENVI file format. AVIRIS-NG Cal/Val, Level 2 and Level 3 products for the Pre-Delta-X and Delta-X missions are provided in related datasets.
Delta-X: In Situ Water Quality Indicators across MRD, LA, USA, 2021, Version 2
This dataset provides in situ measurements of water temperature (degrees C), salinity (PSU), turbidity (FNU), and chlorophyll-a fluorescence (RFU) in surface of the Atchafalaya River and Terrebonne Basins during the Spring (2021-03-25 to 2021-04-22) and Fall (2021-08-14 to 2021-09-24) field efforts by the Delta-X project. Field sampling was paused on August 25 and resumed on September 13, 2021, due to the landfall of Hurricane Ida on 2021-08-26 approximately 70 km east of the study site. Water quality changes caused by the hurricane were expected to be minimal. Measurements were collected in multiple channels of varying width (from a few meters to >100 m), near Delta-X intensive study sites, in open bays and lakes, and at a few locations in the nearshore Gulf of Mexico using either a YSI ProDSS water quality probe or a YSI EXO3 water quality probe.
ABoVE: Wetland Vegetation Classification for Peace-Athabasca Delta, Canada, 2019
This dataset contains land cover classification focused on water and wetland vegetation communities over the Peace-Athabasca Delta, Canada. Four classification maps with 5-m resolution were derived various combinations of Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) and Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) acquired in July and September 2019, and a historical LiDAR archive data. The maps include 10 land cover classes, including open water, emergent aquatic vegetation types, terrestrial vegetation, and forest. Based on field data, the best performing model, which combined all three data sources, achieved an overall accuracy of 93.5%. The land cover maps are provided in GeoTIFF format along with polygons of AVIRIS-NG, UAVSAR, and LiDAR footprints in shapefile and KML formats.
Delta-X: AVIRIS-NG L3-derived Water Quality, TSS, and Turbidity, MRD, V3
This dataset includes estimates of total suspended solids (TSS) concentration and turbidity for waters of the Atchafalaya River and Terrebonne Basins of the Mississippi River Delta (MRD) in coastal Louisiana. Estimates were derived from Level 2 (L2) BRDF-corrected imagery from NASA's Next Generation Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG). AVIRIS-NG imagery was collected from March 27-April 6 (spring) and August 20-25 (fall), 2021, as part of the 2021 Delta-X campaign. Algorithms for TSS and turbidity estimation were developed using in-situ remote-sensing reflectance measured at field sampling stations paired with in-situ measures of turbidity from a water quality probe and TSS from water samples. Using the in-situ data, a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was developed for each AVIRIS-NG wavelength. A subset of the in-situ data, collected during relatively clear AVIRIS-NG overflights, was held out to validate the PLSR model. The PLSR algorithm was then applied to AVIRIS-NG imagery to retrieve TSS and turbidity across the study area. The measurement units for TSS and turbidity estimates are mg L-1 and Formazin Nephelometric Units (FNU), respectively, and the spatial resolution is 3.8 to 5.4 m as determined by the AVIRIS-NG imagery. The dataset includes binary cloud and water masks. These data quantify the mesoscale (i.e., on the order of 1 ha) patterns of soil accretion that control land loss and gain and predict the resilience of deltaic floodplains under projected relative sea-level rise. Gridded estimates are provided in netCDF format, and regression coefficients are included in a comma-separated values (CSV) file. This is Version 3 of this dataset. All previously released data were updated to the latest available versions.
ABoVE: Vegetation Composition across Fire History Gradients on the Y-K Delta, Alaska
This dataset provides ecological field data that were collected during July 2017 and July 2018 from 43 plots spanning gradients of fire history in the upland tundra of the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta, Alaska. Plot-level data include vegetation species composition and structure, leaf area index (LAI), topography, thaw-depth, and soil characteristics collected at plots burned in 1971-1972, 1985, 2006-2007, 2015, or unburned controls. Vegetation species were sampled along transects using the vegetation point-intercept (VPI) sampling approach and summarized by three metrics of vegetation cover: (1) top-hit cover, (2) any-hit cover, and (3) multi-hit cover. Each metric is the total number of hits for a species divided by the total number of sample points. The VPI any-hit cover metric data were combined with Landsat imagery to develop fractional maps of any-hit cover for four aggregated plant functional types (PFTs); bryophytes, herbs, lichen, and shrubs for the upland tundra area. Photographs of vegetation transects and soil pits are included as companion files.
Delta-X AVIRIS-NG and UAVSAR L3 Derived Forest Aboveground Biomass, MRD, LA
This dataset contains estimates of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) across the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne Basins, Louisiana, US. AGB was derived from AVIRIS-NG surface reflectance and UAVSAR products. L2B BRDF-adjusted surface reflectance was produced after applying atmospheric correction to L2 Hemispherical-Directional surface reflectance from NASA's AVIRIS-NG instrument. A polarimetric decomposition of the UAVSAR Level 1 (L1) Single Look Complex (SLC) stack product was used. To estimate AGB, local pixel reflectance spectra and radar scattering component pixels coincident with in situ forest AGB plot data from Summer 2015 and Fall 2021 were used to generate a machine learning-based regression model. This model was then scaled to the AVIRIS-NG and UAVSAR mosaic data, in accordance with vegetation type, to map forest AGB across the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne Basins. The data are provided in cloud optimized GeoTIFF format.
Delta-X: Ecogeomorphic Cell Products across the MRD, LA, USA, 2021
This product delineates the Mississippi River Delta (MRD) landscape into distinct ecogeomorphic cells, which are small contiguous areas of land with similar ecological and geomorphological characteristics. The study area is the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins of the MRD in southern Louisiana, U.S., which was the focus of NASA's 2021 Delta-X campaign. Each ecogeomorphic cell is a small homogeneous area of similar vegetation and elevation (or bathymetry). A "cell" typically consists of a cluster of contiguous pixels in a raster image, although cells of single pixels are present. The elevation was derived from the USGS Digital Elevation Model, and the vegetation was characterized by its spectral signature as measured by near infrared (NIR) reflectance and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). NIR and NDVI were computed from Sentinel-2 images acquired January through September 2021. The data are provided in shapefile and GeoTIFF formats. The vector shapefiles contain the distinct ecogeomorphic cells as polygons with unique labels (i.e., ID number). A raster image of these ecogeomorphic cells provided wherein the pixel values are the polygon labels from the shapefiles. The GeoTIFFs hold the mean and standard deviations of bathymetry, NIR, and NDVI spectral indices within each ecogeomorphic region (polygon). The raster data are provided with a spatial resolution of 0.000045 degrees (approximately 5 meters).
Delta-X: UAVSAR L2 Interferometric Products, MRD, Louisiana, 2021
This dataset contains georeferenced UAVSAR Level 2 (L2) interferometric products for Delta-X flight lines acquired during the spring (2021-03-27 to 2021-04-18) and fall (2021-09-03 to 2021-09-13) deployments. This dataset provides water-level change observations throughout wetlands of the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne Basins, in Southern Louisiana, USA, within the Mississippi River Delta (MRD), and it may be used to generate time series analysis. The data were collected by Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR), a polarimetric L-band synthetic aperture radar flown on the NASA Gulfstream-III (C20) aircraft as part of the Delta-X campaign. Water surface elevations were measured on multiple flights at 30-minute intervals. Data quality was assessed by comparing water elevation estimates with data from in situ water level gauges throughout the study area. The data include interferogram phase, interferogram amplitude, unwrapped interferogram phase, and coherence products. A series of quality assurance masks of troposphere-induced phase delay regions were generated for all SAR acquisition dates using a weather feature matching algorithm. Geometry files for each flight line per field campaign with latitude, longitude, height and incidence angle information are also included. The data are provided in ENVI format.
Delta-X: UAVSAR L1 Single Look Complex (SLC) Stack Products, MRD, Louisiana, 2021
This dataset contains UAVSAR Level 1 (L1) Single Look Complex (SLC) stack products for Delta-X flight lines acquired during 2021-03-27 to 2021-04-18 (spring) and 2021-09-03 to 2021-09-13 (fall). The data were collected by Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR), a polarimetric L-band synthetic aperture radar flown on the NASA Gulfstream-III (C20) aircraft as part of the Delta-X campaign. The study area includes the Atchafalaya Basin, in Southern Louisiana, USA, within the Mississippi River Delta (MRD) floodplain. Repeat pass interferometric synthetic aperture (InSAR) data are a standard UAVSAR product delivered by the UAVSAR processing team. These repeat pass SLC stack co-registered time series data were used as the underlying data for higher level data products. These higher level products provide a time series of water level changes and address a goal of the Delta-X campaign to measure water-level changes throughout wetlands. Data quality was assessed by comparing water elevation estimates with data from in situ water level gauges throughout the study area. These L1 data contain slant range single look complex (SLC), latitude/longitude/height, look vector, doppler, and metadata files. The data are provided in SLC stack format (*.slc) with associated annotation (*.ann), latitude-longitude-height (*.llh), look vector (*.lkv), and Doppler centroid-slant range (*.dop) files. The single look complex (SLC) stacks are in the HH, HV, VH, and VV polarizations. The same area was sampled at approximately 30-minute intervals. The SLCs are not corrected for residual baseline (BU).
Water Quality and Spectral Reflectance, Peace-Athabasca Delta, Canada, 2010-2011
The Peace-Athabasca Delta (PAD) is a hydrologically complex and ecologically diverse freshwater delta formed by the confluence of the Peace, Athabasca, and Birch Rivers near the western end of Lake Athabasca. This data set includes 3 comma-delimited ASCII files: one containing water quality data and site characteristics from June and July 2010, a second containing water quality data and site characteristics for June and July 2011, and a third containing spectral reflectance of the water surface for 2011. The 2010 data file has measurements from 62 unique sites, the majority of which were revisited in 2011. Both of the 2011 data files have measurements from 99 unique sites visited 1-4 times.
Delta-X: In Situ Water Surface Reflectance across MRD, LA, USA, 2021, V3
This dataset includes above water measurements of remote-sensing reflectance measured in situ at field sampling stations during the Delta-X 2021 field efforts. Measurements were collected in the Atchafalaya River and Terrebonne Basins on the southern coast of Louisiana from 2021-03-25 to 2021-04-22 (spring) and from 2021-08-14 to 2021-09-24 (fall). Field sampling was paused on 2021-08-25 and resumed on 2021-09-13 due to the landfall of Hurricane Ida on 2021-08-26 approximately 70 km east of the study site. Water quality changes caused by the hurricane were expected to be minimal. Reflectance was measured near-simultaneously with collection of field samples and in-water sediment parameters in multiple channels of varying width (from a few meters to >100 m), near Delta-X intensive study sites, in open bays and lakes, and at a few locations in the nearshore Gulf of Mexico. For each in situ collection, a handheld Portable SpectroRadiometer (PSR-1100f, Spectral Evolution) was used to measure radiance from: (a) a highly reflective (>99% reflectance) Lambertian Spectralon panel (b) from the sky, measured at 40 degrees from the solar zenith and at 135 degrees from the sun azimuthal plane, (c) from the water, measured at 40 degrees from nadir and at 135 degrees from the sun azimuthal plane. These measurements were used to calculate remote-sensing reflectance and the water-leaving radiance relative to downwelling irradiance, including a correction for the influence of reflected skylight. In Version 3, the data files with this dataset replace and update the data files in Version 2. A minor update was made to the code used to calculate the remote sensing reflectance (Rrs). These data are provided in comma-separated values (.csv) format.
Delta-X: AirSWOT L2 Geocoded Water Surface Elevation, MRD, LA, 2021, V3
This dataset contains Level 2 (L2) AirSWOT geocoded products, including estimated water surface elevation. The AirSWOT instrument is a Ka-band interferometer and for this study is flown on the King Air B200 platform. Data were collected during the DeltaX airborne campaign over the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins of the Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana, USA. Flights occurred during the Delta-X Spring 2021 deployment from 2021-03-26 to 2021-04-18 and the Delta-X Fall 2021 deployment from 2021-08-21 to 2021-09-12. AirSWOT is capable of producing high resolution (3.6 m) digital elevation models over land and water bodies using near-nadir wide-swath Ka-band radar interferometry to measure water-surface elevation and produce continuous gridded elevation data. The instrument includes six antennas that form multiple baseline pairs for along-track and across-track interferometry. AirSWOT elevation data are useful for calibrating elevation and slopes along the main channels, as well as tying observations to open ocean tidal conditions and is an airborne calibration and validation instrument for the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite. This Version 3 dataset provides updated data files due to an updated Calumet survey that changed the water level by 0.138 m. This resulted in all the AirSWOT water levels changing by that same amount. For these L2 products, only the estimated water surface elevation in respect to the WGS84 ellipsoid surface, and estimated height above the NAVD88 (GEOID12B) vertical datum files changed. Note that data acquired on September 1 and September 5, 2021 do not meet the expected MAE in-situ comparison and should be used with caution. This dataset contains cloud optimized GeoTIFF rasters in UTM map coordinates for each flight line. In addition, a text file provides basic metadata, including flight line ID, start and end UTC times of data acquisition, processor version number, and the date and time of different processing stages.
Delta-X: Delft3D Sediment Model, Site 294, Terrebonne Basin, MRD, Louisiana, USA
This dataset contains the Delft3D model of the intensive site 294 in the Terrebonne Basin along the Mississippi River Delta (MRD) in coastal Louisiana. Simulations cover the Delta-X Spring and Fall deployments in 2021 and include hydrodynamics and sediment transport. All files required to run the simulations are included. The model's output of water velocity and depth-averaged sediment concentrations are provided for both deployments. The dataset includes annual inorganic mass accumulation rates derived through modelling intra-annual variability in water levels and suspended sediment concentrations. The data are provided in netCDF format.
Delta-X: Delft3D Sediment Model, Site 322, Terrebonne Basin, MRD, Louisiana, USA
This dataset contains the Delft3D model of the intensive site 322 in the Terrebonne Basin along the Mississippi River Delta (MRD) in coastal Louisiana. Simulations cover the Delta-X Spring and Fall deployments in 2021 and include hydrodynamics and sediment transport. All files required to run the simulations are included. The model's output of water velocity and depth-averaged sediment concentrations are provided for both deployments. The dataset includes annual inorganic mass accumulation rates derived through modelling intra-annual variability in water levels and suspended sediment concentrations. The data are provided in netCDF and ENVI formats.
Delta-X: Real-Time Kinematic Elevation Measurements for Coastal Wetlands, LA, 2021
This dataset provides real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS elevation measurements, along with horizontal and vertical precision errors, obtained along transects near Louisiana's Coastwide Reference Monitoring Systems (CRMS) sites and on Mike Island in Wax Lake Delta (WLD). The data were collected during the Delta-X Spring Campaign from 2021-03-24 to 2021-04-02. The data are provided in comma-separated values (CSV) format.
Delta-X: Root Stable Isotopes from Herbaceous Wetlands, MRD, LA, USA, August 2021
This dataset contains carbon-13 (13C) and nitrogen-15 (15N) isotopic signatures of belowground root biomass samples from herbaceous wetlands in the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins of the Mississippi River Delta in coastal Louisiana, U.S., during August 2021. The data were collected during the Delta-X Fall deployment. Field measurements were conducted at three sites in the Atchafalaya basin and three sites in the Terrebonne basin. Five of the sites are adjacent to sites from the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS). The other site is located in Wax Lake Delta (WLD) without appropriate adjacent CRMS sites. Herbaceous wetland sites in both basins were chosen to represent a salinity gradient including freshwater, brackish, and saline ecosystems. Root biomass samples were collected using a gouge soil auger. Bulk isotopic signatures in living fine roots were measured with a mass spectrometer coupled to an elemental analyzer.
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