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7,327 results for “Pathway”
Tim-3 regulates the immunosuppressive function of decidual MDSCs via the Fyn-STAT3-C/EBPβ pathway during Toxoplasma gondii infection
<p><span>Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a key role in maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance for a successful pregnancy, but the role of MDSCs in abnormal pregnancy caused by <em>Toxoplasma</em> <em>gondii</em> infection is unknown. Herein, we revealed a distinct mechanism by which T-cell immunoglobulin domain- and mucin domain-containing protein-3 (Tim-3), an immune checkpoint receptor that balances maternal-fetal tolerance during pregnancy, contributes to the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs during <em>T. gondii</em> infection. The expression of Tim-3 in decidual MDSCs was significantly </span><span>downregulated</span><span> following <em>T. gondii </em>infection. The proportion of monocytic </span><span>MDSC</span><span> population, the inhibitory effect of MDSCs on T-cell proliferation, the levels of STAT3 phosphorylation, and the expression of functional molecules (Arg-1 and IL-10) in MDSCs were all decreased in <em>T. gondii</em>-infected pregnant Tim-3 gene knockout (Tim-3KO) mice compared with infected pregnant WT mice. After treatment with Tim-3-neutralizing Ab <em>in vitro</em>, the expression levels of Arg-1, IL-10, C/EBPβ, and p-STAT3 were decreased, the interaction between Fyn and Tim-3 or between Fyn and STAT3 </span><span>was</span><span> weakened,</span><span> and</span><span> the binding ability of C/EBPβ to the promoters of <em>ARG1</em> and <em>IL10</em> </span><span>was</span><span> decreased in human decidual MDSCs with <em>T. gondii</em> infection, while opposite results were observed following treatment with galectin-9 (a ligand for Tim-3). </span><span>Inhibitors</span><span> of Fyn and STAT3 also </span><span>downregulated</span><span> the expression of Arg-1 and IL-10 in decidual MDSCs and exacerbated adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by <em>T. gondii</em> infection in mice. Therefore, our studies discovered that the decrease of Tim-3 after <em>T. gondii</em> infection could downregulate the functional molecules of Arg-1 and IL-10 expression in decidual MDSCs through the Fyn-STAT3-C/EBPβ signaling pathway and weaken their immunosuppressive function, which eventually contributes to the development of adverse pregnancy outcomes.</span></p>
Signalling pathway crosstalk stimulated by L-proline drives mouse embryonic stem cells
<p>Contains data and R code to reproduce paper models, statistics and plots</p>
Binding pathway of LOS
<p>This Video Describes the binding pathway of LOS with ACE2. The simulation was carried out using GaMD.</p>
Supplementary material 4 from: Arianoutsou M, Adamopoulou C, Andriopoulos P, Bazos I, Christopoulou A, Galanidis A, Kalogianni E, Karachle PK, Kokkoris Y, Martinou AF, Zenetos A, Zikos A (2023) HELLAS-ALIENS. The invasive alien species of Greece: time trends, origin and pathways. NeoBiota 86: 45-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.86.101778
CBD principal introduction pathways for marine invasive alien species of Greece per different categories
Supplementary material 2 from: Arianoutsou M, Adamopoulou C, Andriopoulos P, Bazos I, Christopoulou A, Galanidis A, Kalogianni E, Karachle PK, Kokkoris Y, Martinou AF, Zenetos A, Zikos A (2023) HELLAS-ALIENS. The invasive alien species of Greece: time trends, origin and pathways. NeoBiota 86: 45-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.86.101778
CBD principal introduction pathways for terrestrial invasive alien species of Greece per different categories
Supplementary material 3 from: Arianoutsou M, Adamopoulou C, Andriopoulos P, Bazos I, Christopoulou A, Galanidis A, Kalogianni E, Karachle PK, Kokkoris Y, Martinou AF, Zenetos A, Zikos A (2023) HELLAS-ALIENS. The invasive alien species of Greece: time trends, origin and pathways. NeoBiota 86: 45-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.86.101778
CBD principal introduction pathways for freshwater invasive alien species of Greece per different categories
Folding pathway of a discontinuous two-domain protein_1
<p>This data set contains all the raw data collected for the preparation of the manuscript "Folding pathway of a discontinuous two-domain protein".</p> <p>Raw data for the main figures Figure 1B-C, Figure 2A, C-D, Figure 4B-C, Figure 5B, C-D and for the supplementary figures Figure S1A-B, Figure S3C, E, G, Figure S5, Figure S7A-B, Figure S8A, D, Figure S9, and Figure S15A-C are deposited. Data is given figure-wise in folders and figure panels in sub-folders. The recurrent raw data used for multiple figures is mentioned for respective figures. Document explaining in detail about the figures and respective data set is also provided.</p> <p>Data is given as measured single-molecule TCSPC data as well as the background measurements as buffer and IRF as dpbs measurements in each respective folder.</p> <p>Due to size, the repository is uploaded in two parts. This part I has all the data for above figures except Figure S3, Figure S8, Figure S9 and Figure S15 for which associated data are deposited in part II repository with Zenodo DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136592.</p>
Data repository for "Navigating trade-offs and sustainable development pathways in the Andean water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus"
<p>Data and code supporting the research article: Navigating trade-offs and sustainable development pathways in the Andean water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus.</p>
Data from: Exploring the possible role of hybridization in the evolution of photosynthetic pathways in Flaveria (Asteraceae), the prime model of C4 photosynthesis evolution
<p><em>Flaveria</em> (Asteraceae) is the prime model for the study of C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis evolution and seems to support a stepwise acquisition of the pathway through C<sub>3</sub>-C<sub>4</sub> intermediate phenotypes, still existing in <em>Flaveria</em> today. Molecular phylogenies of <em>Flaveria</em> based on concatenated data matrices are currently used to reconstruct the complex sequence of trait shifts during C<sub>4</sub> evolution. To assess the possible role of hybridization in C<sub>4</sub> evolution in <em>Flaveria</em>, we re-analyzed transcriptome data of 17 <em>Flaveria</em> species to infer the extent of gene tree discordance and possible reticulation events. We found massive gene tree discordance as well as reticulation along the backbone and within clades containing C<sub>3</sub>-C<sub>4</sub> intermediate and C<sub>4</sub>-like species. An early hybridization event between two C<sub>3</sub> species might have triggered C<sub>4 </sub>evolution in the genus. The clade containing all C<sub>4</sub> species plus the C<sub>4</sub>-like species F. vaginata and<em> F. palmeri </em>is highly supported in our phylogenetic analyses, but it might be of hybrid origin involving <em>F. angustifolia</em> and<em> F. sonorensis</em> (both C<sub>3</sub>-C<sub>4</sub> intermediate) as parental lineages. Hybridization seems to be a driver of C<sub>4</sub> evolution in<em> Flaveria</em> and likely promoted the fast acquisition of C<sub>4</sub> traits. This new insight can be used in further exploring C<sub>4</sub> evolution and can inform C<sub>4</sub> bioengineering efforts.</p>
Fig. 7. Hypothetical biosynthetic pathway for undescribed compounds 1–3 in Phlegcarines A-C, three Lycopodium alkaloids from Phlegmariurus carinatus (Desv. ex Poir.) Ching
Fig. 7. Hypothetical biosynthetic pathway for undescribed compounds 1–3 and some isolated Lycopodium alkaloids.
Fig. 5. a in Alkaloids from Picrasma quassioides: An overview of their NMR data, biosynthetic pathways and pharmacological effects
Fig. 5. a The possible biosynthetic pathway of bis-β-carboline alkaloids. Fig. 5b The possible biosynthetic pathway of bis-β-carboline alkaloids.
Fig. 4. Amino acid sequences alignment between TCS1 and candidate N in Discovery and Biochemical Characterization of N-methyltransferase Genes Involved in Purine Alkaloid Biosynthetic Pathway of Camellia gymnogyna Hung T.Chang (Theaceae) from Dayao Mountain
Fig. 4. Amino acid sequences alignment between TCS1 and candidate N-methyltransferase genes (GCS1, GCS2, and GCS3).
Fig. 2 in Discovery and Biochemical Characterization of N-methyltransferase Genes Involved in Purine Alkaloid Biosynthetic Pathway of Camellia gymnogyna Hung T.Chang (Theaceae) from Dayao Mountain
Fig. 2. Purine alkaloid content in different leaf positions of C. gymnogyna and other tea plants. Bud, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th represent the apical bud, first leaf, second leaf, third leaf, and fourth leaf, respectively. Total purine alkaloid concentration is the sum of Tb, Cf, and Tc. Asterisk indicates not detected. A lack of sufficient Kucha bud samples prohibited the analysis of that component. Data represent the mean value ± SD of independent experiments performed in triplicate. Data with the same letter and numeric above SD bar in each column are not significantly different from each other at P ≦ 0.05. Data with alphabet are significantly different from the data with numeric above SD bar.
Fig. 6. N in Discovery and Biochemical Characterization of N-methyltransferase Genes Involved in Purine Alkaloid Biosynthetic Pathway of Camellia gymnogyna Hung T.Chang (Theaceae) from Dayao Mountain
Fig. 6. N-methyltransferase gene expression patterns in different leaf positions of C. gymnogyna and other tea plants. Bud, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th represent the apical bud, first leaf, second leaf, third leaf, and fourth leaf, respectively.
Fig. 5 in Discovery and Biochemical Characterization of N-methyltransferase Genes Involved in Purine Alkaloid Biosynthetic Pathway of Camellia gymnogyna Hung T.Chang (Theaceae) from Dayao Mountain
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree of N-methyltransferase amino acid sequences. Substrates of the enzymes are indicated in parentheses. The following amino acid sequences were subjected to sequence alignment: TCS1, AB031280; CKCS, MN163829; TCS1d, KT215399; TCS1f, KT215398; TCS1e, KT215397; CkTcS, MN163831; CkTbS, MN163830; ICS1, AB056108; PCS1, AB207817; ICS2, AB207816; PCS2, AB207818; TCS2, AB031281; CkCS1, AB362884; CjCS1, AB297451; CgCS1, AB362882; CgCS2, AB362883; ClCS1, AB362885; CsSAMT, MG459470. Abbreviations of substrates are as follows: 7-mX, 7-methylxanthine; Tb, theobromine; Tc, theacrine; XR, xanthosine; CsSAMT as a outgroup.
Fig. 1 in Discovery and Biochemical Characterization of N-methyltransferase Genes Involved in Purine Alkaloid Biosynthetic Pathway of Camellia gymnogyna Hung T.Chang (Theaceae) from Dayao Mountain
Fig. 1. Main metabolic pathway for the biosynthesis and biodegradation of Cf. SAM = S-adenosyl- L -methionine, SAH = S-adenosyl- L -homo-cysteine. (b). Numbers (I, II, III, and IV) in (b) correspond to the reactions I, II, III, and IV in (a), respectively. TCS1 and CkCS have broad substrate specificities and catalyze the conversion of 7-mX to Cf via Tb [reactions II and III in (a)].
Fig. 3 in Discovery and Biochemical Characterization of N-methyltransferase Genes Involved in Purine Alkaloid Biosynthetic Pathway of Camellia gymnogyna Hung T.Chang (Theaceae) from Dayao Mountain
Fig. 3. Gene annotation. (a) Venn diagram; (b) The results of volcano plots of differential genes between the experimental groups; (c) GO annotation of DEGs; (d) The top 20 KEGG pathways of DEGs.
Fig. 6 in Germacranolide- and guaianolide-type sesquiterpenoids from Achillea alpina L. reduce insulin resistance in palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cells via inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Fig. 6. The inhibitory effects of 4 on the production of IL-1β and ROS in HepG2-IR cells. The expression levels of IL-1β were measured by ELISA analysis (A), Fluorescence intensity of ROS was recorded by a multimode microplate reader (B). ##P <0.01 vs CON group, *P <0.05, **P <0.01 vs PA treatment group.
Fig. 5 in Germacranolide- and guaianolide-type sesquiterpenoids from Achillea alpina L. reduce insulin resistance in palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cells via inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Fig. 5. The glucose consumption assay of compounds 4–6, 10 and 11 in different concentrations. The concentrations of these compounds were from 1.56 to 50 μM, ROSI was the positive control. *p <0.05, **p <0.01, compared to the PA treatment group. ##p <0.01, compared to the control (CON) group.
Fig. 7 in Germacranolide- and guaianolide-type sesquiterpenoids from Achillea alpina L. reduce insulin resistance in palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cells via inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Fig. 7. Inhibitory effects of 4 on the expression of proteins related to NLRP3 inflammasome in PA-induced HepG2-IR cells. Representative protein bands of Western blot (A and B). Densitometric analysis of the Western blot analysis results (C). Glibenclamide (1 μM, Gliben) was a positive control. ##P <0.01 vs CON group, *P <0.05, **P <0.01 vs PA treatment group.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.