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FIGURES 102–107 in The diatom genus Oricymba in Vietnam and Laos with description of one new species, and a consideration of its systematic placement

FIGURES 102–107. Oricymba voronkinae sp. nov. SEM, external views. 102, 103. Low magnification valve views showing arched raphe and round stigma opening. 104, 105. Central area with dilated proximal raphe ends and round stigma opening. Marginal ridge is evident. 106. View of striae with the overlay of silica to form the characteristic striae with subtending dendritic coverings. The marginal ridge is evident. 107. Apex with strongly hooked distal raphe end not bisecting the apical pore field. Pore field restricted to mantle. Scale bars = 10 μm in Figs 102, 103; 1 μm in Fig. 104; 2 μm in Fig. 105; 0.5 μm in Figs 106, 107.

FIGURES 56–69 in The diatom genus Oricymba in Vietnam and Laos with description of one new species, and a consideration of its systematic placement

FIGURES 56–69. Oricymba perjaponica, comb. nov.. LM. Valve views showing size range. Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 50–55. Oricymba subovalis. 50, 51 in The diatom genus Oricymba in Vietnam and Laos with description of one new species, and a consideration of its systematic placement

FIGURES 50–55. Oricymba subovalis. 50, 51, external views; 52–55, internal views. 50, 51. Apices of valve, showing apical pore fields not bisected by distal raphe ends and porelli restricted to the mantle. 52. Low magnification view of valve. 53, 54. Central area showing the raphe lacks an intermissio, and the two stigma opening are occluded by dendritic structures. Siliceous nodules line the striae openings. 55. Apex with a distinct helictoglossa evident. Porelli are occluded by siliceous granules. Scale bars = 0.5 μm in figs 50, 54, 55; 1 μm in figs 51, 53; 10 μm in fig. 52.

FIGURES 44–49. Oricymba subovalis. SEM, external views. 44–46 in The diatom genus Oricymba in Vietnam and Laos with description of one new species, and a consideration of its systematic placement

FIGURES 44–49. Oricymba subovalis. SEM, external views. 44–46, low magnification view showing general nature of the valves. Note the absence of the marginal ridge. 47, 48. Central area showing the dilated proximal raphe ends, prominent, round stigma opening and narrowly rectangular areolae with dendritic internal coverings. 49. Axial area with arched raphe and striae with hemispherical areoale along the axial area. Scale bars = 10 μm in figs 44, 45; 5 μm in fig. 46; 1 μm in figs 47–49.

FIGURES 22–25 in The diatom genus Oricymba in Vietnam and Laos with description of one new species, and a consideration of its systematic placement

FIGURES 22–25. Oricymba japonica, SEM, external views. 22. Low magnification view showing overview of valve. The arched nature of the raphe is evident. 23. Central area with dilated proximal raphe ends, rounded stigma opening and corroded or incompletely formed striae. 24. Axial area showing arched raphe. 25. Apex, with highly deflected distal raphe end and porelli of the apical pore field evident. Scale bars = 1 μm.

FIGURE 5 in A new family placement for Australian blue squill, Chamaescilla: Xanthorrhoeaceae (Hemerocallidoideae), not Asparagaceae

FIGURE 5. Four-taxon tree showing alternative pathways of pollen evolution in the hemerocallid clade. Triangular and elliptical shapes represent trichotomosulcate and monosulcate pollen grains, respectively.

FIGURE 3 in A new family placement for Australian blue squill, Chamaescilla: Xanthorrhoeaceae (Hemerocallidoideae), not Asparagaceae

FIGURE 3. Maximum clade credibility tree of Xanthorrhoeaceae with divergence times estimated. The 95% highest posterior density estimates for each clade are represented by bars. Calibration points are indicated by numbers at nodes. Numbers correspond to calibration points explained in text. Letters correspond to the three Hemerocallidaceae clades: a) hemerocallid, b) johnsonioid, c) phormioid.

FIGURE 1 in A new family placement for Australian blue squill, Chamaescilla: Xanthorrhoeaceae (Hemerocallidoideae), not Asparagaceae

FIGURE 1. Flowers of: A, Chamaescilla corymbosa (Jane Duff Highway Park, western Victoria; photo M. Bayly) with typical blue/ mauve flowers; B, Chamaescilla corymbosa (Brisbane Ranges, Victoria; photo, Chris Lindorff and Lauren Fraser) with ununsual white flowers; C Simethis mattiazzii (Ceuta, Spain; photo, Xemenendura).

FIGURE 2 in A new family placement for Australian blue squill, Chamaescilla: Xanthorrhoeaceae (Hemerocallidoideae), not Asparagaceae

FIGURE 2. Cladogram based on combined plastid dataset showing Bayesian topology and posterior probability (PP)/parsimony bootstrap support (BS). A Bayesian phylogram showing mean branch lengths is shown as an inset on the left. Relevant families and subfamilies are shown. Letters correspond to the three Hemerocallidaceae clades: a) hemerocallid, b) johnsonioid, c) phormioid.

FIGURE 4 in A new family placement for Australian blue squill, Chamaescilla: Xanthorrhoeaceae (Hemerocallidoideae), not Asparagaceae

FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Chamaescilla pollen (voucher MELU M113170a). A, distal polar view; B, proximal polar view; C, surface details.

FIGURE 6 in Lapidia, a new monotypic genus of Asteraceae (Eupatorieae) from Brazil, and its phylogenetic placement

FIGURE 6. Genera of Eupatorieae sympatric with Lapidia (Clade Z) in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia state. A–B. Semiria viscosa D.J.N.Hind. A. Habit. B. Detail of head, showing convex, epaleaceous receptacle, and epappose cypselae. C. Stylotrichium glomeratum Bautista et al. D. Stylotrichium sucrei R.M.King & H.Rob. (Photographs: A–C: V.Amorim; D: S.C.Ferreira).

FIGURE 4 in Lapidia, a new monotypic genus of Asteraceae (Eupatorieae) from Brazil, and its phylogenetic placement

FIGURE 4. Endemic genera of Eupatorieae in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia state (Clade W). A–B. Bahianthus viscosus R.M.King & H.Rob. A. Fruits in dispersal. B. Flowers in anthesis. C. Catolesia huperzioides Roque et al. Flowering branch with dense spiral of leaves. D–E. Morithamnus crassus R.M.King & H.Rob. D. Habit. E. Buds and flowers in anthesis. (Photographs: A–B: L.Moura; C. A.A.Conceição; D–E: N.Roque).

FIGURE 3. Majority-rule 50 in Lapidia, a new monotypic genus of Asteraceae (Eupatorieae) from Brazil, and its phylogenetic placement

FIGURE 3. Majority-rule 50% consensus tree of a Bayesian analysis to study the phylogenetic placement of Lapidia apicifolia among selected taxa of the "CAFE clade" (according to Rivera et al. 2016a) (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae), based on a combined matrix with sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and the trnL–trnF plastid region (trnL intron, trnL-trnF spacer). Branch colors follow the same color scheme of Rivera et al. (2016a), and the values above branches correspond to the posterior probabilities calculated from the 18,000 trees obtained in the analysis after excluding burn-in.

FIGURE 5 in Lapidia, a new monotypic genus of Asteraceae (Eupatorieae) from Brazil, and its phylogenetic placement

FIGURE 5. Genera of Eupatorieae sympatric with Lapidia (Clade Z) in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia state. A. Agrianthus myrtoides Mattf. B. Agrianthus giulietiae D.J.N.Hind. C. Arrojadocharis santosii R.M.King & H.Rob. D–E. Lasiolaena blanchetii (Sch.Bip. ex Baker) R.M.King & H.Rob. F. Lasiolaena duartei R.M.King & H.Rob.: bicolored leaves. (Photographs: A: N.Roque; B: L.Moura; C–F: V.Amorim).

FIGURE 1. Lapidia apicifolia Roque & S.C. Ferreira. A. Flowering branch. B in Lapidia, a new monotypic genus of Asteraceae (Eupatorieae) from Brazil, and its phylogenetic placement

FIGURE 1. Lapidia apicifolia Roque & S.C. Ferreira. A. Flowering branch. B. Tomentose indumentum at apex of the branches. C–D. Tector trichomes uniseriate and biseriate. E. Leaf with truncate apex. F. Leaf with serrate margin. G. Capitate glandular trichomes on blade. H. Head pedicellate with bract at peduncle. I. Bracteole. J. Outer bract. K–L. Inner bracts. M. Flat and glabrous receptacle. N. Corolla. O. Anther. P. Style. Q. Cypselae with bristles fused at base and with varying lengths. R. Geminate trichome from cypselae (drawn from the holotype by Natanael Nascimento dos Santos).

FIGURE 2. Lapidia apicifolia Roque & S.C. Ferreira. A in Lapidia, a new monotypic genus of Asteraceae (Eupatorieae) from Brazil, and its phylogenetic placement

FIGURE 2. Lapidia apicifolia Roque & S.C. Ferreira. A. The rocky fields habitat with individuals of the species highlighted (red arrows). B–C. Terminal branches showing leaves opposite-decussate, petiolate, and blade conduplicate. D. Shape and abaxial surface of the leaf. E. Head showing purple colored anther appendages. F. Heads showing green involucral bracts, white corollas, and purplish pappus bristles. G. Fruits in dispersal. (Photographs: A, D, F–G: N.Roque, B–C, E: L.Barres).

FIGURE 4 in Multi-locus phylogeny supports the placement of Endocarpon pulvinatum within Staurothele s. str. (lichenised ascomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Verrucariaceae)

FIGURE 4. Most likely unrooted tree (with BS values) showing the relationships within the genus Staurothele based on nrLSU. The collection number in bold (BMC 12394) represents E. tortuosum (= E. pulvinatum). The scale bar represents the number of nucleotide substitutions/site.

FIGURE 1 in Multi-locus phylogeny supports the placement of Endocarpon pulvinatum within Staurothele s. str. (lichenised ascomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Verrucariaceae)

FIGURE 1. General habit of Endocarpon pulvinatum. A. Large thalli found on the nunatak Esjubjörg in southeastern Iceland (LA31862). B. Close-up on specimen SH300 collected near a glacier river in Northern Iceland. Bar = 5 mm. Photos Starri Heiðmarsson.

FIGURE 2 in Multi-locus phylogeny supports the placement of Endocarpon pulvinatum within Staurothele s. str. (lichenised ascomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Verrucariaceae)

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic placement of E. pulvinatum within the family Verrucariaceae resulting from a Bayesian analysis of a multi-locus dataset (ITS, nrLSU, mtSSU and mcm7). Support values are reported above or below the branches (posterior probability [PP]/bootstrap support [BS]). Internodes with strong support (1.00 PP and 100% BS) are indicated by a black dot. Only values of PP ≥ 0.95 and of BS ≥ 70% are shown. Two species of Capronia were used as an outgroup.

FIGURE 3 in Multi-locus phylogeny supports the placement of Endocarpon pulvinatum within Staurothele s. str. (lichenised ascomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Verrucariaceae)

FIGURE 3. Most likely unrooted tree (with BS values) showing the relationships within the genus Staurothele based on ITS. The collection number in bold (BMC 12394) represents E. tortuosum (= E. pulvinatum). The scale bar represents the number of nucleotide substitutions/site.