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Figure 3 in A widespread Ponto-Caspian invader with a mistaken identity: integrative taxonomy elucidates the confusing taxonomy of Trichogammarus trichiatus (= Echinogammarus) (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Figure 3. Mitochondrial (COI and 16S) time-calibrated tree and species delimitation results. Numbers at nodes are posterior probabilities (not shown if <0.7). Turquoise bars indicate 95% confidence intervals for node ages (shown only for supported nodes). Bars on the right depict the results of the species delimitation analyses (abbreviations: Morpho, morphology; BIN, Barcode Index number; GMYC, General Mixed Yule Coalescent; PTP, Poisson Tree Processes; ASAP, Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning; PDT, Patristic Distance Threshold). Red stars indicate the clades of Chaetogammarus ischnus and Chaetogammarus trichiatus that were used in the multilocus Bayes factors species delimitation approach.

Figure 7. Scanning electron micrographs. A, antenna 1. B, antenna 2. C in A widespread Ponto-Caspian invader with a mistaken identity: integrative taxonomy elucidates the confusing taxonomy of Trichogammarus trichiatus (= Echinogammarus) (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Figure 7. Scanning electron micrographs. A, antenna 1. B, antenna 2. C, basis of pereopod 7. D, pereopod 3. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs. A in A widespread Ponto-Caspian invader with a mistaken identity: integrative taxonomy elucidates the confusing taxonomy of Trichogammarus trichiatus (= Echinogammarus) (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs. A, dorsal side of urosome. B, lateral head lobes. C, gnathopod 2 propodus. D, uropod 3. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 1 in A widespread Ponto-Caspian invader with a mistaken identity: integrative taxonomy elucidates the confusing taxonomy of Trichogammarus trichiatus (= Echinogammarus) (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Figure 1. Multilocus maximum likelihood phylogeny (COI, 16S, 28S, EPRS and H3) of the Ponto-Caspian gammaroid radiation. Chaetogammarus and Spirogammarus gen. nov. species are shown with dashed branches. Focal taxa are shown with coloured branches. Strongly supported nodes in all analyses are shown with green dots, moderately supported nodes are annotated with support values from each analysis, and unsupported nodes are not annotated (see key at the top left).

Figure 10 in A widespread Ponto-Caspian invader with a mistaken identity: integrative taxonomy elucidates the confusing taxonomy of Trichogammarus trichiatus (= Echinogammarus) (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Figure 10. Chaetogammarus trichiatus, ♂, Shahe River, Krasnodar region. A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 4. C, dactylus of pereopod 4. D, pereopod 5. E, dactylus of pereopod 5. F, pereopod 6. G, pereopod 7. H, dactylus of pereopod 7.

Figure 4 in A widespread Ponto-Caspian invader with a mistaken identity: integrative taxonomy elucidates the confusing taxonomy of Trichogammarus trichiatus (= Echinogammarus) (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Figure 4. Distribution of focal taxa. Small dots represent distribution records from the literature (after CopilaȘ-Ciocianu et al., 2023); large dots represent sequenced localities (black outline, literature data; white outline, present study). Arrows represent the type localities of Chaetogammarus trichiatus (orange) and Spirogammarus major (purple). The question mark represents a doubtful distribution record of Chaetogammarus ischnus. Green dashed lines indicate the native range.

Figure 9 in A widespread Ponto-Caspian invader with a mistaken identity: integrative taxonomy elucidates the confusing taxonomy of Trichogammarus trichiatus (= Echinogammarus) (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Figure 9. Chaetogammarus trichiatus, ♂, Shahe River, Krasnodar region. A, labrum (upper lip). B, labium (lower lip). C, E, mandible. D, F, incisor process and pars incisiva of mandible. G, left maxilla 1. H, right maxilla 1 distal segment of palp. I, maxilla 2. J, maxilliped.

FIGURE 9 in Revision of Megalothorax incertus Börner, 1903 reveals it to be another widespread Palearctic species of the genus (Collembola, Neelidae)

FIGURE 9. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the genus Megalothorax (COI, 16S rDNA, 28S rDNA). In parentheses are single individual - extracts id (reported in Genbank and in previous studies, see Schneider et al. 2018 and 2023). Boxes highlight the species of the incertus-group represented with multiple individuals. Bootstrap score ≤ 60 not reported. A '*' indicates species identification established only from the DNA sequences. Country/Region of collection: Australy (Tasmania)— AU-TAS, Belgium—BEL, Chile—CHL, France (metropolitan)—FRA, French Guiana—GUF, Italy (Sicily)—ITA, Reunion Island—REU, Russia—RUS, Slovakia—SLK, Svalbard—SJM.

FIGURE 3 in Revision of Megalothorax incertus Börner, 1903 reveals it to be another widespread Palearctic species of the genus (Collembola, Neelidae)

FIGURE 3. Megalothorax incertus sensu nov., (A) mandibula; (B, C) maxilla; (D) antenna posterior side; Abd. V–VI sternites (E) female, av = anal valves; (F) Abd. IV–V sternites and manubrium; furca (G) topotype, (H) variations observed on russian individuals.

FIGURE 10 in Revision of Megalothorax incertus Börner, 1903 reveals it to be another widespread Palearctic species of the genus (Collembola, Neelidae)

FIGURE 10. Distribution of the three studied species, including the records of Schneider and D'Haese (2013), Papáč & Kováč (2013), Yoosefi Lafooraki & Shayanmehr (2014), Bendjaballah et al. (2018), Kahrarian (2019), Ma et al. (2021) and Ferrín et al. (2023). Localities closer than 50 km are aggregated.

FIGURE 8 in Revision of Megalothorax incertus Börner, 1903 reveals it to be another widespread Palearctic species of the genus (Collembola, Neelidae)

FIGURE 8. Chaetotaxy diagrams: M. incertus sensu nov. (A) head, (B) trunk, M. boerneri sp. nov. (A) head, (B) trunk.

FIGURE 1 in Revision of Megalothorax incertus Börner, 1903 reveals it to be another widespread Palearctic species of the genus (Collembola, Neelidae)

FIGURE 1. Megalothorax incertus sensu nov., Head (A) dorsal, (B) postero-lateral side and (C) dorso-lateral with details on the integumentary channels, a star indicates a corresponding chaeta in (A, B, C), (D) ventral side; (E) labium, bmf=basomedian field, blf=basolateral field; labrum anterior process (F) posterior side, (G) anterior side; (H) maxillary outer lobe (mol) and oral fold (of). Limit of the dorsal secondary granulation outlined in (A) and (B).

FIGURE 5 in Revision of Megalothorax incertus Börner, 1903 reveals it to be another widespread Palearctic species of the genus (Collembola, Neelidae)

FIGURE 5. Megalothorax boerneri sp. nov., (A) Head; (B) labium, bmf=basomedian field, blf=basolateral field; (C) labrum; (D) maxillary outer lobe (mol) and oral fold (of); (E) maxilla; (F) mandibula; (G) Antenna.

FIGURE 7 in Revision of Megalothorax incertus Börner, 1903 reveals it to be another widespread Palearctic species of the genus (Collembola, Neelidae)

FIGURE 7. Megalothorax boerneri sp. nov., (A) Abd. VI, genital plate and Abd. IV sternite, (B) furca, (C) ventral tube, (D) leg I, (E) leg II, (F) leg III, (G) claw I, (H, I) claw II, (J) claw III.

Fig. 2. Phylogeographical results for Clade D in World Travelers: Parthenogenesis and Ecological Tolerance Enable Multiple Colonization Events by the Widespread Short-Tailed Whipscorpion, Stenochrus portoricensis

Fig. 2. Phylogeographical results for Clade D of the short-tailed whipscorpion, Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae Cook, 1899). (A, B) Bar plots of results recovered by analyses with BAPS (A) and STRUCTURE (B). (C) Map of North America showing pie charts of individuals with corresponding subclade assignations recovered by analyses with STRUCTURE. (D, E) Median-joining network obtained from Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I, COI (D) and Internal Transcribed Spacer, ITS (E): black circles represent median vectors presumed to be unsampled or missing intermediates; hashmarks represent number of mutations between haplotypes; numbers inside circles denote haplotypes; colors denote regions used for ancestral range estimation; circle size proportional to frequencies; dotted line enclosure haplotypes correspond to Subclades 1 and 2 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 in World Travelers: Parthenogenesis and Ecological Tolerance Enable Multiple Colonization Events by the Widespread Short-Tailed Whipscorpion, Stenochrus portoricensis

Fig. 1. (A) Phylogenetic relationships of the short-tailed whipscorpion, Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae Cook, 1899), obtained by analysis of the concatenated data matrix with Maximum Likelihood. Colored areas represent clades recovered in phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses: Clade A (dark green), Stenochrus longimanus (Rowland, 1971), comb. nov.; Clade B (blue), Stenochrus cavernicolens (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1938), comb. nov.; Clade C (purple), Stenochrus sp.; Clade D (grey), S. portoricensis s. str. Subclades of S. portoricensis recovered with structure analyses: Subclade 1 (red), Subclade 2 (dark blue). (B) Close-up of Clade D. Numbers on branches represent bootstraps and posterior probabilities above 50%; numbers in grey to right of species indicate position matching STRUCTURE analysis order. Inset schizomid: S. portoricensis female from Chichenitza,Yucatán, Mexico.

Fig. 4 in World Travelers: Parthenogenesis and Ecological Tolerance Enable Multiple Colonization Events by the Widespread Short-Tailed Whipscorpion, Stenochrus portoricensis

Fig. 4. Matrix of uncorrected genetic p-distances among samples of the short-tailed whipscorpion, Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae Cook, 1899), ordered by subclades of Clade D.

Fig. 3 in World Travelers: Parthenogenesis and Ecological Tolerance Enable Multiple Colonization Events by the Widespread Short-Tailed Whipscorpion, Stenochrus portoricensis

Fig. 3. Dated phylogeny and ancestral range estimation of the short-tailed whipscorpion, Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae Cook, 1899) under DIVALIKE model. Pie charts illustrate probabilities for ancestral range reconstruction at each node; area assignation represented by squares at tips; colors correspond to areas in map of Mexico and the Caribbean (upper left). Blue lines at nodes represent 95% credibility intervals for molecular dating. Inset schizomid: S. portoricensis female from Ocosingo, Chiapas, Mexico.